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todos os mtodos no enzimticos, mostraram ter uma validade limitada quando os objetos das anlises eram materiais
biolgicos como sangue e urina, cuja composio complexa
compreende vrias substncias com carter redutor
(HILLER; LINDER; VAN SLYKE, 1925; WIENER, 1995).
Alm disto, alguns componentes daqueles materiais biolgicos por vezes tambm mostravam reatividade orgnica
com o reagente utilizado. Esta situao pode ser bem exemplificada pela reao da creatinina com o cido pcrico, a
qual com certeza prejudica a exatido da dosagem de glicose
com este reagente, embora tenha fundamentado o desenvolvimento de um mtodo de dosagem de creatinina na urina
(GREENWALD, 1930; GREENWALD; GROSS, 1924).
Alm disto, os mtodos de dosagem de acar por oxirreduo demandam um laborioso protocolo de desproteinizao
(ADDIS; SHEVKY, 1918).
Todas estas desvantagens limitaram o uso dos mtodos oxirredutimtricos em ensaios clnicos e estimularam o
183
PENHA-SILVA, N. et al.
184
PENHA-SILVA, N. et al.
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-0.5
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200
400
600
800
1000
1200
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Figura 1. Quantificao de glicose pelo mtodo do cido pcrico. A linha contnua representa a reta de regresso linear da
dosagem de glicose em gua (o), dada pela equao y = -0,113 + 0,00312 x, com r2 = 0,9972 (n = 39; p <
0,0001). A linha descontnua representa a reta de regresso para a glicose em cido benzico a 0,25% (x), dada
pela equao y = -0,104 + 0,00305 x, com r2 = 0,9966 (n = 27, p < 0,0001).
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200
400
600
800
1000
1200
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Figura 2. Efeito de concentraes crescentes de cido pcrico sobre a reta-padro de glicose em gua desionizada. Com
cido pcrico a 0,2%, a equao y = 0,00149 + 0,00032 x (r2 = 0,9932, n = 12, p < 0,0001). Com cido
pcrico a 1,0%, a equao y = - 0,1044 + 0,00305 x (r2 = 0,9966, n = 27, p < 0,0001). Com cido pcrico a
2,0%, a equao y = - 0,0366 + 0,00421 x (r2 = 0,8961, n = 22, p < 0,0001).
Biosci. J., v. 20, n. 3, p. 183-188, Sept./Dec. 2004
185
PENHA-SILVA, N. et al.
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Figura 3. Comparao das retas-padres de glicose e frutose, com as solues de ambos os acares em cido benzico
a 0,25% e o cido pcrico a 1,0% p/v. A linha de regresso para a curva da frutose (o) dada pela equao y
= - 0,118 + 0,00314 x, com r2 = 0,9982 (n = 21, p < 0,0001). A reta de regresso para a glicose (x) y = - 0,104
+ 0,00305 x, com r2 = 0,9966 (n = 27; p < 0,0001).
A Figura 4 compara as retas-padres de glicose
em cido benzico a 0,25% pelos mtodos da ortotoluidina
e do cido pcrico. Elas no apresentam diferenas signifi-
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Figura 4. Comparao das retas-padres de glicose pelos mtodos da ortotoluidina e do cido pcrico, com cido pcrico
a 1,0% p/v. A reta-padro pela ortotoluidina (o) dada pela equao y = - 0,110 + 0,00355 x, com r2 = 0,9251
(n = 6, p = 0,00216), enquanto a reta-padro pelo cido pcrico (x) dada por y = - 0,0130 + 0,00312 x, com
r2 = 0,9980 (n = 25, p < 0,0001).
Biosci. J., v. 20, n. 3, p. 183-188, Sept./Dec. 2004
186
PENHA-SILVA, N. et al.
CONCLUSES
1) A utilizao de cido benzico a 0,25% como
solvente da glicose no interfere na dosagem de glicose
pelo mtodo do cido pcrico; 2) a utilizao de cido pcrico
a 1,0% aumenta a sensibilidade do mtodo; 3) a reta-padro
de glicose no difere significativamente da reta-padro de
frutose por este mtodo; 4) a utilizao de cido pcrico a
1% possibilita a obteno de uma sensibilidade equivalente
a do mtodo da ortotoluidina; 5) a utilizao de cido pcrico
a 2% aumenta a sensibilidade deste mtodo em relao ao
mtodo da ortotoluidina, embora a reao ocorra com alguma
precipitao do reagente.
ABSTRACT: Glucose, as well as other reducing sugars, reacts with picric acid, by oxirredution, producing a
colored compound that shows a maximal molar extinction at 530 nm. Since extinction at 530 nm is linearly dependent with
the concentration or mass of glucose, that reaction can be used for quantification of reducing sugars. This paper describes
the standardization of the picric acid method from conditions described for orthotoluidine method. Conditions here described
for the method have been currently used in our laboratory in studies about osmorregulation of proteins. Under the used
conditions, the relation between A530 and the glucose mass was linear at the range of 0 to 1200 g of sugar, being described
by the equation A530 = -0,081 + 0,0031 g glucose. Utilization of benzoic acid at 0,25% w/v as solvent for glucose produced
data fitted by the equation A530 = -0,077 + 0,0030 g of glucose. Comparison of both lines indicated that utilization of
benzoic acid as glucose preservative didnt affect the dependence of A530 with glucose mass (p<0.01). Utilization of
frutose as reducing sugar produced the same pattern of dependence. The sensibility of the picric acid method showed to
be similar to the orthotoluidine one, when picric acid concentration is 1,0%, becoming even superior if picric acid concentration
is 2,0%, although the picrate precipitates at this concentration.
Financial support: PROPP-UFU and CNPq.
UNITERMS: Determination of reducing sugars, Picric acid, Biotechnology
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