Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Copy write, Machine Design Spreadsheet Calculations by John R Andrew, 6 July 2006
Undamped Vibrations
If the mass M shown above is displaced through distance x and released it will vibrate freely.
Undamped vibrations are called free vibrations. Both x and g are measured in inch units.
Input
Weight, W =
2
lb
Spring stiffness, k =
10
lb/in
Calculation
Gravitational Content, g =
32.2
ft/sec^2
=
3.142
Static Deflection, x =
W/k
=
0.20
in
Mass, M =
W / (g*12)
=
0.005
lbm-sec^2/in
Natural Frequency, fn =
(1/2*)*(k*/M)^.5
Hz
=
69.05
Hz
Angular frequency, =
2**fn
=
434
radn/sec
Displacement vs
Time Graph
Input
50
1150
32.2
386.4
840
500
Calculation
(k*g / W)^.5
62.2
N
1150
f*2* / 60
120.4
Fd / k
1.68000
1 / ( (1 - (fa / fn)^2)
0.363
B*(Fd / k)
0.610
lb
rpm
ft/sec^2
in/sec^2
lb
lb/in
rad/sec
cycles/min
rad/sec
rad/sec
in
in
in
in
Input
500
1750
32.2
386.4
20000
40
1.5
0.2
Calculation
W/k
0.0250
(1 / 2*)*(g / d)^.5
19.784
lbm
rpm
ft/sec^2
in/sec^2
lb/in
lbm
in
in
in
Hz
N / 60
29.17
2**f
183.3
Hz
Hz
rad/sec
rad/sec
Wi*fa^2*e / g
5216
lbf
Critical Damping
Critical damping occurs when the vibration amplitude is stable:
C = Damping Coefficient
Ccrit = Critical Damping Coeff.
Ccrit =
2*(K*M)^.5
K=
System stiffness
M=
Vibrating Mass
in
in
lbf
Transmissibility (TR)
Transmissibility is the ratio of the force
transmitted to a machine's supports
due to a periodic imbalance in an; engine,
pump, compressor, pulverizer, motor, etc.
The amplitude of vibrations in machinery
mountings can be reduced with resilient
pads or springs called isolators.
The isolated system must have a natural
frequency less than 0.707 x the disturbing
periodic imbalance force.
The vibration amplitude will increase if the
isolated system has a natural frequency
higher than 0.707 x the disturbing frequency.
Transmissibility ratio is equal to the, mass displacement amplitude / base displacement amplitude.
TR =
X2 / X1
The transmissibility ratio TR, is the vibration amplitude reduction.
Input
16.0
12.0
Calculation
Transmissibility, TR =
1/(1-(fd/fn)^2)
TR =
-1.286
If mounting damper pad natural frequency is known:
Input
Transmissibility, TR =
0.5
Disturbing force frequency, fd =
14
Calculations
System natural frequency, fn =
fd / (1+(1/TR))^0.5
Answer: fn =
8.1
Springs are employed as vibration isolators.
Disturbing force frequency, fd =
Undamped natural frequency, fn =
Input
10
15
Calculation
1 / k1 + 1 / k2
(k1*k2) / (k1 + k2)
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
lbf/in
lbf/in
Answer: k =
lbf/in
Input
12
24
Calculation
k1 + k2
36
lbf/ in
lbf/ in
lbf/ in
Flywheel mass, W =
Shaft diameter, D =
Steel Shaft, E =
Bearing center distance, L2 =
Flywheel overhang, L1 =
Gravitational constant (ft), g =
Gravitational constant (in), g =
Shaft radius, r =
=
Shaft section moment of inertia, I =
=
Input
50
1.000
29000000
20
8
32.2
386.4
Calculation
D/2
0.500
*r^4 / 4
0.0491
(1 / 2*)*(g / x)^.5
21.6
lbm
in
lb/sq in
in
in
ft/sec^2
in/sec^2
in
in
in^4
in^4
in
in
Hz
Hz
Input
600
30
29000000
4.000
Calculation
W*L^3 / (3*E*I)
0.047
3*E*I/L^3
12889
(1/2)*(g / x)^0.5
1321
Input
450
4
29000000
2.000
Calculation
w*L^4 / (8*E*I)
0.001
8*E*I/L^3
(1/2)*(g / x)^0.5
92887
Input
400
60
29000000
3.000
Calculation
W*L^3 / (48*E*I)
0.021
48*E*I/L^3
19333.3333333333
(1/2)*(g / x)^0.5
2972
Input
500
40
29000000
2.000
Calculation
lbf
in
lb/sq in
in^4
in
in
lbf/in
lbf/in
Hz
lbf/in
in
lb/sq in
in^4
in
in
lbf/in
Hz
lbf
in
lb/sq in
in^4
in
in
lbf/in
lbf/in
Hz
lbf/in
in
lb/sq in
in^4
Deflection, x =
Answer: x =
Stiffness, k =
Answer: k =
Natural frequency, f =
f=
5*w*L^4 / (384*E*I)
0.287
384*E*I/(5*L^3)
69600
(1/2)*(g / x)^0.5
214
Input
700
80
29000000
2.000
Calculation
W*L^3 / (192*E*I)
0.032
192*E*I/L^3
21750
(1/2)*(g / x)^0.5
1911
Input
600
50
29000000
2.000
Calculation
w*L^4 / (384*E*I)
0.168
384*E*I/(L^3)
178176
(1/2)*(g / x)^0.5
365
in
in
lbf/in
lbf/in
Hz
lbf
in
lb/sq in
in^4
in
in
lbf/in
lbf/in
Hz
lbf/in
in
lb/sq in
in^4
in
in
lbf/in
lbf/in
Hz
K, ss
19.7
16.2
13.4
11.5
10.3
9.87
Input
2.90E+07
0.5
lbf/in^2
in
K, fixed
36.0
29.9
25.9
23.6
22.6
22.4
Poisson's ratio, v =
Plate short side, a =
Plate long side, b =
From the table above, K,ss or Kfixed =
Load per unit area, w =
0.3
36
45.0
16.2
50
in
in
lb/in^2
Calculation
Answer: a / b =
0.80
D = E*t^3 / (12*(1 - ^2))
Answer: D =
331960
=
3.142
Gravitational acceleration, g =
386.4
in/sec^2
Rectangular Plates, f = (K / 2*)*((D*g)/(w*a^4))
Answer: f =
3.938
Hz
Input
50
2.90E+07
0.5
0.3
36
4.99
10.2
Calculation
3.142
386.4
E*t^3 / (12*(1 - ^2))
331960
lb/in^2
lb/in^2
in
in/sec^2
Hz
Hz
M1*R1+ M2*R2 = 0
Input
10
16
14
30
450
2.5
Calculation
in
in
in
in
lbm
in
Example only
12
18
12
36
570
3.96
Mc*E*X1 =
M2*R2*(X1+X2)
M2 = Mc*E*X1 / R2*(X1+X2)
Answer: M2 =
27.950310559
Condition for static balance:
mi*Ri =
0
0 = M1*R1+M2*R2-Mc*E
Mass required to balance Mc, M1 = (-M2*R2+Mc*E) / R1
Answer: M1 =
73.3695652174
lbm
lbm
Motor speed, N =
Motor+Compressor+Table Mass, W =
Critical damping coefficient =
Friction damping coefficient =
(Friction/ Critical) damping factor ratio, DR =
Input
360
80
Cc
Cf
Cf / Cc
0.05
0.25
Calculation
2**N / 60
37.704
386.4
W/g
0.2070
2*K
M*^2
294.3
Kt / 2
147.2
2*(Kt*M)^.5
15.61
Cc*DR
rpm
lbm
in
rad / sec
in/sec^2
lbm-sec^2/in
lbf / in
lbf / in
Answer: Cf =
The motor periodic imbalance force, F =
The motor peak imbalance force, Fo =
At resonance, Y =
Fo =
Answer: Fo =
0.781
Fo*Sin(*t)
Cf**Y
Fo / Cc*
Cf**Y
7.36
lbf
lbf
in
lbf
Input
200
4
0.80
1080
Calculation
W/N
50
lbm
rpm
lbm
1 - VR
0.20
18
(1 / (1-(Fd / Fn)^.5)
Fd / (1 +(1/T))^.5
7.35
rps
386.4
W/x
W/K
(1 / 2)*(K*g / W)^.5
(1 / 2)*(g / x)^.5
ft / sec^2
Hz
Hz
Fn =
Solving for deflection in the above, x =
Answer: x =
3.128*(1 / x)^.5
(3.128)^2 / (Fn)^2
0.181
in
At resonance transmissibility, T =
C / Ccrit =
Answer: C / Ccrit =
1/ (2*C / Ccrit)
1/ (2*T)
0.05
The "Barry Controls" information presented here may be found on the web at:
www.barrycontrols.com
"Barry 633A Series Mounts are medium weight mounts normally
used for vertically applied loads to prevent transmission of noise
and vibration caused by rotation of imbalanced equipment
(i.e. generators, blowers, pumps, etc...)
Low-profile, low frequency elastomeric noise and vibration
The above graph shows a static load of 100 lbs produces a deflection of 0.275 inches.
69.05255
Shock Loads
A shock load is caused by a nearly instantaneous
rise and fall of acceleration.
Input
12
0.018
386.4
20
g
sec
in/ sec^2
Hz
Calculation
Half sine pulse max peak velocity, Vmax =
2*g*a*t /
Answer: Vmax =
53.13
in/ sec^2
Max acceleration, G = Vmax*(2**Fn)/ g
Answer: G =
17.3
g's
Dynamic isolator deflection: Dd = Vmax/ (2**Fn)
Answer: Dd =
0.423
in
Transmissibility Ratio, TR = Ftransmitted/ Fapplied
TR =Bd*(1+(2*r*C)^2)^.5
Notes:
Magnification factor Bd must be greater
than 1.00 or vibrations will be amplified.
Magnification factor, Bd =
Bd =
D=
Fo =
K=
1/((1-r^2)^2+(2*C*r)^2)^.5
D /(Fo / K)
Vibration amplitude
Peak disturbing force
Support stiffness
Isolator Selection
http://www.baldor.com/support/product_specs/generators/Vibration_Isolators/01_Korfund_Catalog.pdf
Equipment Weight, W =
Number of Isolators, N =
Applied Vertical Shock Acceleration, Gv =
Shock Half Sine Pulse time, t =
Allowable sway space, Xv =
Isolator Roll Stiffness, Kr =
Isolator Shear Stiffness, Kh =
Isolator Compression Stiffness, Kv =
Isolator Combined Total Stiffness, Kt =
Equipment Fragility g Limit, Af =
Input
13.3
4
50
0.003
1.4
0
0
133
133
10
Calculation
W/N
3.317
Af / Gv
20.00
Required Transmissibility, Tr =
Answer: Tr =
1 - (If /1000)
0.8000
lbm
g
sec
in
lbf/in
lbf/in
lbf/in
lbf/in
g
lbm
lbm
%
Flexmount CB1260-39
"
"
"
3.13*(Ks / Wi)
19.8
2*g*Gv*t /
36.9
lb/in
Hz
in
in/sec