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Culture Documents
Analyte
pH
Reagents
0.5% w/w
methyl red
sodium salt;
5% w/w
bromthymol
blue; 94.5%
w/w nonreactive
ingredients
Appropriat
e
Reading
Time
60
seconds
(can
read
immedi
ately)
False Positive
False Negative
Bacterial metabolism
will cause increased
pH in improperly
preserved urine.
Glucose
Protein
10.0% w/w
potassium
iodide. 75.0%
w/w buffer;
13.0% w/w nonreactive
ingredients
30
seconds
No known constituent of
urine will give a falsepositive enzyme test but
if the urine specimen is
contaminated with
strong oxidizing cleaning
agents peroxide or
hypochlorite, a falsepositive reaction may
occur.
0.3% w/w
tetrabromophen
60
seconds
False-negative results
can occur in dilute urines
ol blue; 99.7%
w/w buffer and
non-reactive
ingredients
Ketones
Bilirubin
5% w/w sodium
nitroprusside;
95% w/w buffer
40
seconds
0.5 % w/w 2,
4-
30
seconds
Quaternary ammonium
compounds that may be
used to clean the urine
containers will alter the pH
and result in a false-positive
reaction. False positives
may occur on some
dipsticks during treatment
with phenazopyridine and
after the infusion of
polyvinylpyrrolidone as a
plasma expander.
Chlorhexidine gluconate,
found in skin cleansers,
may produce false-positive
results. In addition,
specimens containing blood
may cause a false-positive
protein reaction.
False-positive results may
occur when the urine
specimen is highly
pigmented or when it
contains large amounts of
levodopa metabolites.
Some specimens that have
both a high specific gravity
and a low pH may give
false-positive reactions.
Compounds that contain
sulfhydryl groups may
cause a false-positive or
atypical color reactions.
Phenylketones may cause a
redorange coloration.
Phthalein compounds used
in liver and kidney function
tests produce a reddish
coloration due to the
alkalinity of the test zone.
These colors, however, are
easily distinguishable from
the colors obtained with
ketone bodies. Some
laboratories chose to
confirm positive and
questionable result with a
tablet test.
Because of the
specificity of Multistix
and DiaScreen for
diacetic acid, these
brands of dipstick will
not give a positive
ketone result with
controls that contain
acetone.
Large amounts of
ascorbic acid
prescribed amount of
time, it may develop
other colors that may
interfere with the
reading of bilirubin
reactions.
dichloroaniline
diazonium salt;
99.5% w/w
buffer and nonreactive
ingredients
Urobilinogen
Blood
2.5% w/w
pdiethylaminobenzaldehyde;
97.5% w/w
buffer and
non-reactive
ingredients
Diisoproplbenzn
e
Dihydroperoxid
60
seconds
60
seconds
Several compounds
may produce atypical
color reactions on the
bilirubin pad. Indican
and metabolites of
etodolac (Lodine) can
produce an interfering
color reaction. Patients
receiving large doses of
chlorpromazine
(Thorazine) may have
false-positive results.
Metabolites of drugs
such as
phenazopyridine give a
red color at an acid pH
and cause
misinterpretation of
results that could lead to
false-positive reports.
The Ictotest should be
used to
confirm bilirubin results
on urines that generate
a positive or atypical
color reaction.
Several interfering
substances may react
with the urobilinogen
test pad to produce
atypical colors. These
interfering substances
include p-aminosalicylic
acid, sulfonamides, and
p-aminobenzoic acid.
Reagent strips using pdimethylaminobenzalde
hyde may react with
prophobilionogen,
although this is not a
reliable method for
detecting
porphobilinogen. Urine
from patients receiving
phenazopyridine may
show a false-positive
reaction.
Most dipsticks will give
false-positive results in
the presence
of certain oxidizing
decrease the
sensitivity of this test.
Repeating the test at
least 10 hours after
the last dose of
vitamin C will produce
more accurate results.
Elevated levels of
nitrite will lower the
bilirubin result. A false
negative result will be
obtained if the
bilirubin has been
oxidized to biliverdin,
as occurs when
specimens are
exposed to room
temperature and light.
A true absence of
urobilinogen is not
detectable. Several
substances may
decrease the color
reaction of this test.
Urines containing
nitrite or those
preserved with
Formalin may
produce falsenegative results.
False negatives may
also occur in
improperly stored
samples allowing the
oxidation of
urobilinogen to
urobilin.
The test is slightly more
sensitive to free
hemoglobin and
myoglobin than to intact
contaminants such as
hypochlorites which may
be used to clean urinecollection containers.
Sodium hypochlorite in
the concentration of 100
mg/L of urine gave a 2+
result with both dipsticks
which shows how
sensitive the reagents
are to oxidizing agents.
When the urine is
contaminated with a
high bacterial content, a
false-positive reaction
may occur because of
bacterial peroxidases.
e
tetramethylbenz
idine
Leukocyte Esterase
0.5% w/w
derivatized
pyrrole amino
acid ester; 0.4%
w/w diazonium
salt; 32% w/w
buffer; 67.1%
w/w nonreactive
ingredients
60
seconds
(Positiv
e) to
120
seconds
(Negativ
e)
p-Arsanilic acid
Nitrite
Specific Gravity
1,2,3,4Tetrahydrobenzo (h)
quinoline-3-ol
2.5% w/w
bromthymol
blue indicator;
17.5%
w/w buffer and
non-reactive
ingredients;
55% poly
(methyl
vinyl
ether/maleic
anhydride);
25%
sodium
hydroxide
60
seconds
45
seconds
Ketoacidosis or
protein higher more
than 100 mg/dL may
cause elevated
results due to high
specific gravity of
Ketones and proteins.
Highly buffered
alkaline urines may
cause low readings
relative to other
methods due to
mixing of test pad
components.