GCSE CHEMISTRY

RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 1
(i)

scales
plotting all the points accurately
drawing a smooth curve ignoring the 6 min point

1
1
1

(ii)

1
1
1
1

II

he

ma

ctiv

e.c

om

particles have more energy

greater chance of successful collision
therefore greater rate of reaction

ww
w.c

(iii)

curve drawn to the left of curve A

curve to start at 71.00 g and to finish at 70.20 g
curve drawn to the right of curve A
curve to start at 71.00 g and to finish at 70.60 g

1
1
1

TOTAL 10

GCSE CHEMISTRY

RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 2
(a)

halve time three times

4 mins

(b)

70

1
1

60

om

40

e.c

Temperature/ 0C

50

ctiv

30

10

0
0

10

20

he

ma

20

30

40

50

60

70

(c)

ww
w.c

Time/min

sensible scales
correct plotting
correct line drawn

1
1
1

impossible to have reaction in zero time

too cold and reaction will stop

1
1
TOTAL 7

GCSE CHEMISTRY

RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 3
All state symbols correct:
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

(ii)

calcium chloride

(iii)

40 + 12 +(3 16) = 100

(iv)

A Idea that 1 mole / 1 molecule of CaCO3 produces 1 mole / molecule of CO2

mass of 1 mole of CO2 = 44 g

1
1

B 0.44 g / 1% of candidates answer to A

(i)

would know how much CO2 could be produced

if very different result obtained, could indicate error/could be used to monitor
reliability of technique

in method A, some CO2 would escape before apparatus was placed on balance/
before initial reading could be taken
would lead to underestimate of CO2 produced

1
1

ctiv

(ii)

om

(b)

(i)

e.c

(a)

(c)

(d)

1
1

(i)

9Z

(ii)

9X

(iii)

9Y

(i)

St Pauls

(ii)

concentration affects rate of reaction

St Pauls is fastest

1
1

shine lamp through beaker

set photocell on other side
time how long it takes for motor to stop

1
1
1

ww
w.c

(b)

sulphur is produced
clouds up the beaker/ sulphur is insoluble

he

(a)

TOTAL 10

ma

QUESTIONSHEET 4

uv lamp

photo cell

motor

TOTAL 12

GCSE CHEMISTRY

RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 5
1
1

(ii)

enzymes

(i)

sample at 80oC

(ii)

enzyme denatured at 80oC

leaving the reaction without a catalyst
so very slow

1
1
1

(iii)

sample at 40oC

(iv)

reaction is fastest at this temperature/ reaction is slower at lower temperatures

most starch digested

1
1

(v)

iodine

om

a substance which speeds up a reaction

but is not used up/ still present at the end of the reaction

e.c

(b)

(i)

ctiv

(a)

ma

QUESTIONSHEET 6

TOTAL 11

fizzes / bubbles/ gradually disappears

(b)

40 cm3
= 4 cm3 s-1
10 s

he

(a)

much slower
fewer particles, so fewer collisions

(d)

increase temperature / heat it

change surface area of magnesium powder
40
moles of hydrogen =
24,000
-3
= 1.67 10

(e)

ww
w.c

(c)

1
1
1
1

1
1
TOTAL 8

GCSE CHEMISTRY

RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 7
yellow precipitate/ goes cloudy

(b)

sodium chloride, water, sulphur dioxide (any 2)

(c)

increase concentration of either reactant

more particles closer together/ more collisions

1
1

(i)

plot of either volume of Na2S2O3 or water v time

points plotted
smooth curve

1
1
1

(ii)

concentration

(iii)

to keep concentration of acid constant

(iv)

goes cloudy/ solid forms

e.c

1
1
1

TOTAL 11

ctiv

(d)

om

(a)

ma

QUESTIONSHEET 8

add universal indicator solution/paper/test with pH meter

universal indicator turns orange/pink/pH falls

1
1

(b)

the amount/mass of lactic acid

produced in 1 second/specified time

1
1

(c)

bacteria produce an enzyme/biological catalyst

(d)

statements or diagrams showing:

lactose molecules colliding with enzyme molecules
lactose and enzyme molecules bonded together
lactic acid molecules released from enzyme molecules

1
1
1

(e)

the concentration of lactose decreases/ the lactic acid destroy the enzyme/kills the bacteria

(f)

the rate of reaction decreases

because the high temperature destroys the enzyme/kills the bacteria

1
1

ww
w.c

he

(a)

TOTAL 11

GCSE CHEMISTRY

RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 9

(c)

1
1
1

(i)

take value from graph (about 21)

(ii)

reaction is so fast

(i)

hydrogen

(ii)

pops with lighted splint

om

(b)

pxes labelled
points plotted
smooth curve

TOTAL 8

creates larger surface area of catalyst

(ii)

rate of reaction increases

as temperature rises

(i)

reactants stick to surface of catalyst

products separate from catalyst after reaction
heavy metals block surface to reactants

1
1
1

(ii)

lead is a heavy metal

would ruin catalyst

1
1

he

ma

(i)

ww
w.c

(b)

ctiv

QUESTIONSHEET 10
(a)

e.c

(a)

1
1
1

TOTAL 8

QUESTIONSHEET 11

2H2O(l) 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

formulae correct
balancing

1
1

(i)

manganese(IV) oxide / manganese dioxide

(ii)

lowers activation energy

provides surface for reaction

1
1

(iii)

weigh before and after

then test its catalysing properties again

1
1

(a)

(b)

TOTAL 7

GCSE CHEMISTRY

RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 12

(i)

hydrogen

(ii)

lighted splint
produces pop / explosion

1
1

(iii)

Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
(formulae 1, balancing 1)

(i)

rate increased/faster

(ii)

rate increased/faster

(iii)

rate increased/faster

om

(c)

1
1

e.c

(b)

measure loss of mass as gas lost

over a period of time

QUESTIONSHEET 13

ctiv

(a)

1
1
1

TOTAL 10

pressure forces gases into smaller space

molecules more likely to collide

(b)

large surface area of powder

can create explosions when it burns/ causes very rapid combustion

(c)

in less than one minute/faster than ribbon

(d)

heat gives molecules more energy

collisions more likely to produce reaction

1
1

(e)

cooling slows down reactions

but does not stop them

1
1

ww
w.c

he

ma

(a)

1
1
1
1

TOTAL 9

QUESTIONSHEET 14
(a)

(b)

CO = carbon monoxide
NOx = oxides of nitrogen
CH = hydrocarbons

1
1
1

(i)

(ii)

carbon monoxide

(iii)

oxides of nitrogen

1
TOTAL 6

GCSE CHEMISTRY

RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 15
(a)

(i)

steeper line
same volume of oxygen

1
1

(ii)

much steeper line

same volume of oxygen

1
1
(ii)

(i)

60

90

more gas produced with Y

catalyst does not affect outcome of reactions

(c)

some Y used up
catalysts are not used up

(b)

oxygen

(c)

(d)

ma

ww
w.c

H2O2

he

QUESTIONSHEET 16
(a)

ctiv

(b)

time in seconds

e.c

30

om

volume
of gas

1
1
1
1

TOTAL 8

1
1

(i)

susbtance which speeds up a reaction

but does not get permanently used up/ can be recovered unchanged at the end

1
1

(ii)

A
does not change speed/rate

1
1

(iii)

C
changes speed the most

1
1

5g

1
TOTAL 9

GCSE CHEMISTRY

RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 17

(b)

not enough activation energy supplied by a match

heat from the match is conducted away by the rest of the tree

1
1

(c)

dust has greater surface area

burns more easily

om

Three from:
add catalyst
heat/warm reaction
use higher concentration of reactants
use solid reactants with greater surface area / stir more
increase pressure of gaseous reactants

e.c

(a)

(ii)

(i)

60 cm3

(ii)

20 s
66 cm3

(c)
(d)

ma

he

(b)

(i)

(i)

66 cm3

(ii)

the same

ww
w.c

(a)

ctiv

QUESTIONSHEET 18

1
1
TOTAL 7

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 7

QUESTIONSHEET 19
(a)

(b)

(i)

(ii)
(c)

Two from:
(gas) syringe, measuring cylinder, burette

Three from:
use same sized pieces of magnesium/ use same mass of magnesium
use same volume of acid
keep temperature the same
stir the same amount

stop clock

balance reading to 2 decimal places

TOTAL 7

GCSE CHEMISTRY

RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 20
One mark for each of the following (in correct order)

he

ma

ctiv

e.c

om

joules
kilojoule
exothermic
endothermic
catalyst
increased
surface area
photography/sunburn
light

ww
w.c

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 9