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Figure D-4
Note that only point A02 is required by the geometry of the system. Points A01 and A03 are defined at a distance of Lb from the bend
in order to mark the bearing span region in each direction. Point A06 is defined and rigidly anchored at a distance of La (= 1.5 Lm)
since pipe-soil interaction beyond this point (Zone 3) is minimal. Points A04 and A05 are each placed at distances away from the bend
so that soil point spacings can be specified by marking the applicable range of piping points. The dimensions at the bottom of Figure D4 (above) represent the maximum spacing (expressed as multiples of the pipe diameter) to be specified between each set of piping
points.
The maximum spacing defined on the Soil dialog is used by AutoPIPE as an increment for determining the number of soil points that
will be generated between any two adjacent piping points, regardless of what spans those points (e.g. a run, bend, valve, etc.). Where
the distance between adjacent piping points does not equal a whole number of max. spacings, AutoPIPE calculates a smaller spacing
value based on the total number of spacings it finds between the piping points.
Figure D-5, below, shows a run of buried pipe where the distance from A05 to A06 is L. If "L" is not wholly divisible by the specified
maximum spacing (S), the last spacing interval length will be less than "S" (it will be the length c S, where "c" is a constant in the
range 0 < c < 1).
Figure D-5
AutoPIPE compares the length of the last spacing interval (number 6 in Figure D-5) with the specified max. spacing value. If the length
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of the last interval is less than the max. spacing value, the soil point spacing is recalculated per the following equation:
(D-7)
where:
S
On the other hand, if the specified spacing value (S) is greater than the distance between adjacent piping points (L), only a single soil
point will be generated halfway between the piping points. Again, this is regardless of what connects those points.
AutoPIPE calculates the soil point spacings, and generates the actual soil points whenever the Global Consistency Check is executed. It
should also be noted that the soil point spacings used by AutoPIPE (S) do not replace the maximum spacing values specified for each
defined soil identifier.
The user should be aware that soil points are transparent (automatically generated) in AutoPIPE. Each defined soil point adds to the
overall size of the system model. Thus, more disk space is consumed and analyses require more time to complete a run. Therefore,
short spacings over long lengths between piping points should be avoided, or else a large number of soil points will be created.
Analysis results are produced for soil points in the same manner as piping (and framing) points are listed. The naming convention for
soil points is the same for every interval between piping points. An example of this convention is shown in Figure D-6.
Figure D-6
For every span between adjacent piping points, generated soil points are named "+1", "+2", "+3", and so on. Soil point numbers
increase in the forward direction of each piping segment. Numeric results for soil points are organized such that the soil point data is
inserted between the piping point listings which surround them.
Note: Refer to the Pipe Soil Example in the AutoPIPE Workbook for a detailed example of the development of a buried piping
system.
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