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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
The research study is on the effects of divorce on childrens education
in Akamkpa Local Government Area.
Owing to the nominative and descriptive nature of the research
problem, Webster (2001), views marriage as a formally or legally recognized
agreement between a man and a woman for the procreation of children and
their subsequent protection. In addition, Ogundele (2004) had his views on
marriage as a society acknowledged and approved union established
between a man woman, making them husband and wife.
Biblically, a wife is seen as a help mate or a companion to a man, in
order that a man should not be left alone. Ntui (2005) in his historical
research on the significance of marriage on socio-economic development of
Cross River State, viewed the procreation of children as blessing and
benefit of marriage the nature provided. Similarly Omini (2006) asserted
that the process of marriage differ from one society to another, but in
every society, parents of both people ,intending to marry needs to agree and
the intenders must have the instinct of marriage by affection.
In the Christendom, closing whom to marry is usually said to be very
relation in order to actualize their dreamed partner.
Nevertheless, marriage does not allow for divorce, because this was
not one of us objective, Ade (2002) from not one of its perception, described
divorce as way of breaking a marriage.
On the other hand, Ransome (2004) opined that divorce is an instance
of the legal ending or dissolution of a marriage by physical separation
which tends to reduce parents/children relationship and subsequently expose
children to some societal, environmental, psychological can emotional
problems and as a result make children to become way ward and nuisance in
the society. Ematex (2004) anticipated that in subsequent times, some
divorcee(divorce couple) tends to re-ignite their affection and re- established
a more substantial union. Especially if there were ordain and destined to be
together as couple. Agari (2001), added that, in some families and societies,
divorce involves the refund of the bride price paid to secure the wife. While
intenders should give their young ones orientation on this note the research
was proposed to help solve these problems.
Objectives of the study
The broad objective of the study is to investigate into the effects of
divorce on the educational attainment of children in some selected Primary
Schools in Akamkpa Local Government Area.
Specifically, the study also seeks to
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
getting married.
Make possible suggestions and recommendation on how the solve this
problem of instability in Akamkpa local Government Area.
Significance of the study
The findings of this research study, would not only be beneficial to the
researcher, but also to the following state holder.
The teachers, who are the surrogate parents of the children would gain
the idea of identifying children with special need, and in addition,
identify the root cause of their poor academic performance.
It would help the couple in re-adjusting their marital life and re-ignite
their affection toward subsequent divorce.
It would help the children from the alarming rate of social life
that could endanger their life and above all, help minimized juvenile
delinquency and finally, it would help government to identify children
with special needs and the subsequence provision of societies to meet
their needs.
Research questions
Sequel to the purpose/ objective of the study, and the
fundamental problems.
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter deals with the review of related literatures on the topic.
The review is done under specific headings so as the reflect the purpose of
which the study was designed for;
Concept of marriage and divorce
away from their parents to live elsewhere on their own for mutual
relat5ionship.
In addition, Ade (2002), described divorce as a way of breaking a
marriage. He added that, in some families and societies divorce involves a
refund of the bride wealth paid to secure the wife. While others allows
frequents divorce, where there is no understanding among couple and others
frown bitterly at its occurrence, because of its subsequent implications.
On the other hand, Ogundele (2003) view divorce as an instance of the
legal ending of marriage by couples which result to physical separation.
He concluded that marriage and divorce move hand in hand due to
individual differences which are in build in the married couple. And for
marriage to stable, couple must ensure that love and understanding is their
watch word, which can as such create barried for divorce to occur.
Effect of divorce on children educational attainment
Ezegbe (2004), noted that the training of a child both at the informal
and fomal educational levels, demands the joint efforts of both parents. At
the informal level, the parents ensures formative orientations and teaching
on the norms, values and attributes of the family and the society at large. At
the formal educational level, the parents ensures adequate security, provide
for and financial aids to supplement their school requirements and above all
provide material and spiritual needs to help boast concentration and
reinforcement.
Muegrove (2004) opined that, children educational pursuit is
fundamentally stream line from their foundation which their home and
parents are the major determinants. He added that if the children are
deprived of material (s) possessions due to the effects and consequences of
divorce, they may tend to loose their concentration in their education and as
such may engage in juvenile delinquency. In the other hand. If the child is
deprived of spiritual needs, he/she may loose the thought of God existence
as his/her creator and may seek for mundane things and worthless
possessions which can affect his life in failure.
Consequences
of
family
crisis
on
children
educational
achievement
Renald (2004), agreed that, crisis are problems emanating from both
human and psychology factors. In the family such crisis are cause due to
individual differences and lack of understanding which as such may lead to
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Maclean, it is therefore believe that, the children are at lost, once there is
physical separation of their parents.
The implication of divorce on childrens emotional and social
adjustment
In a study by Wilson (2003:4), shows that over twenty thousand
children (20,000) in post primary and primary schools in Kenya where
extensively interviewed.
Wilson categorized his subject into three groups. Those from broken
homes through divorce as group one, those from broken homes through
death as group two and those whose families are still intact by marriage as
group three.
His finding shows that, such difference existed between this groups
would not only affect the children emotionally or socially but also their
educational and occupationally achievements.
Wadsworth Maclean (2003:41) observed that even children whose
custodian parents subsequently remarried to reduce economic stress. From
observation both agreed that actually recovery has taken place, but the
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children did not reach the level of achievement of their peers from families
infact.
They concluded by postulating that:
i.
ii.
with the result that, fathers absent in a child early age bring about lower
performance intelligent quotient score as compare to those whose fathers
presents is highly felt.
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14
15
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter deals precisely on the design of the study, area of the
study, sample and sampling techniques, instrument for data collection,
validation of the instrument, methods of data collection and method of
analysis
Research design
This research work is critically designed to investigate into the effect
of divorce on childrens education, with a case study of some selected
primary schools in Akamkpa Local Government Area of Cross River State.
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18
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centres with the National Park, Oban hills, Quaffable. Finally, most of its
people speak Ejagham as their dialect.
Population of the study
The population of the study comprises of the aggregate number of
pupils from the five selected primary schools chosen for the study.
S/
Schools
N
1.
2.
Rural
Urban
Akamkpa
Akamkpa
300
350
3.
4.
School
Comm.Primary School Ayaebam
St. Theresa Primary Mbarakom
Rural
Rural
Akamkpa
Akamkpa
200
300
Rural
Akamkpa
210
1,360
School
5.
Govt. Primary School Nsan
Total population
Table (i) list of selected schools for the study
Population
From the tabular illustration above, it therefore implies that the total
population for the study is 1.360 pupils.
Sample and sampling techniques
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The study have its sample from the five selected primary schools and
the sampling techniques adopted by the researcher id the systematic and
random sampling approaches to select 20 pupils each from the selected
schools with emphasis on pupils from broken homes causes by divorce and
those whose homes are still intact (unbroken).
S/n Schools
Communities
1.
Govt. Primary school
Oban
2.
ST. JOHN S Primary Akamkpa
3.
School
Comm.
4.
School
St. Theresa Primary Mbarakom
Primary Ayaebam
Location
Rural
Urban
L.G.A
Akamkpa
Akamkpa
Population
20
20
Rural
Akamkpa
20
Rural
Akamkpa
20
Akamkpa
20
100
School
5.
Govt. Primary School Nsan
Rural
Total population
Table (II) sample size or sample population
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Strongly Agree
Agree
Undecided
Disagree
SD
Strongly disagree
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judgment and evaluation of the survey items was made by the supervisor and
other educators to ensure reliability.
Method (s) of data collection
Over 100 copies of questionnaires were printed and administered to
the respondents in the selected schools with assistance from two non
teaching staff.
Method of data analysis
To elicit facts from the research study the researcher uses the
descriptive analytical method.
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CHAPTER 4
RESULT
Prior to the design and objective of the study, this chapter therefore
focuses on the presentation of the results, interpretation of result and
discussion of results from the finding of the study.
Presentation of results
The result of the study is presented in four different tables with
respect to the research questions.
Research question one
What factor contributes to marital instability in Akamkpa Local
Government Area?
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S/N
3
4
11
12
Total
%
25
30
25
20
100
25
S/N
1
2
7
8
Total
%
8
24
24
44
100
S/N
13
14
%
20
20
26
15
16
Total
12
10
40
30
25
100
3
7
20
15
35
100
2
4
10
20
40
100
4
7
20
20
35
100
4
2
10
40
20
100
Interpretation of result
The results of the study in table (iii) above, shows that, for items 3, 4
11 and 12. The respondents gave 28%, 32%, 24% and 16% agreed response
37%, 26%, 20% and 17% respectively gave strongly agreed response. 20%,
20%, 40% and 20% respectively gave uncertain response. 20%, 33%, 27%
and 20% respectively gave disagreed response and 25% 20% 25% and 30%
gave strongly disagreed response.
%
35
20
25
20
100
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In table (iv), the respondent gave 13%, 27% 47% and 13% response in
agreement to research item 1, 2, 7, and 8 respectively. 20%, 15%, 30% and
35% gave agreement to items 1, 2, 7 and 8 respectively. 24%, 16%, 16% and
44% gave uncertain opinion to the respective items. 20%, 40%, 30% and
10% gave disagreed opinion to the items and 8%, 24%, 24% and 44% gave a
strongly disagreed opinion to the respective items.
In table (v), for item 13, 14, 15 and 16, the respondents gave opinion
of 25%, 20%, 30% and 25% in agreement, 25%, 25%, 15% and 35% gave a
strong agreement to the respective items. 20%, 20%, 20% and 40% gave
uncertain opinion. 25%, 20%, 35% and 35% gave a disagreed opinion.
While 20%, 20%, 40% and 20% respectively gave a strong disagreed
opinion with respect to the research items.
In table (vi) for item 5, 6, 9 and 10 25%, 20%, 35% and 20% of the
respondent gave agreed opinion, 20%, 40%, 20% and 20% respectively gave
strongly agreed opinion, 25%, 30%, 25% and 20% respectively gave
uncertain opinion, 40%, 20%, 20% and 20% gave disagreed opinion. While
35%, 20%, 25% and 20% respectively gave strongly disagreed opinion with
respect to the research items.
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Discussion of result
The result of the study in table three reveals that certain factors can
help to sustain marriages among coup in Akamkpa Local Government Area
with 65% positive responses against 55% negative responses. Also that
divorce does not influenced children academic performance with 52%
negative opinion against 44% positive opinion. This goes to support a
research carried out by Emmanuel (2004) on the influence of marriage on
socio-economic development.
In table four, the study in deals that, divorce has significant effect on
children education with 33% positive opinion against 28% negative opinion.
In addition poor academic performance of pupils in primary schools is as a
result of negligence with 77% positive opinion against 54% negative
opinion. This facts is backed by the writes up of Mike (2001) on the cause of
children negligence and their and consequence in primary and post primary
schools.
In table five, the result disclosed that, children with special needs can
easily be identified if their parents are separated by marriage with 50%
positive opinion against 45% negative opinion. Similarly pre-marital
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orientation will not help to curb the problem of divorce between young ones,
with 60% negative opinion against 45% positive opinion.
In table six the result shows that, divorce has not constituted much
problem among the children with 75% negative opinion against 45%
positive opinion. And marital instability is cause by lack of understanding
among couple with 55% positive opinion against 45% negative opinion.
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Prior to data obtained and the analysis done in chapter four above, this
chapter therefore, devotes its interest in the summary of results, conclusion,
limitations, implication, recommendations and suggestion for further study.
Summary of result
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The statistical treatment of the data provides easily way which aids the study
a positive conclusion verdict.
Recommendations
Based on the results of the study and the researcher desire to see how
these problems can be solves. The following recommendations are therefore
imperative.
1. Parents should always give their children pre-marital orientations.
2. Couples should be advice on the effects of divorce in our modern
society.
3. Children should be thought in school the consequences of early
marriage and divorce.
4. Moral education should be given a greater concern in all aspect of life.
5. Government should provide employment opportunities to most couple
to reduce the risk of divorce.
6. Seminars should be conducted to help evaluate couples on marriage
concept.
7. To ensure marriage stability and curb divorce problems, young ones
should get well prepared before going for marriage.
Implication of the study
The study will help young ones to examine the effect and consequence
divorce and how it can be curbed.
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REFERENCE
Webster, H. A. (2007), Operationalization of the concept of marriage Zaria:
foremost Educational service Ltd
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Appendices
A questionnaire design on the investigation of the Effect of Divorce on
Children Education in Akamkpa Local Government Area
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Age
37
School.
Section (B) (Attitudinal questions)
Response key
SA
Strongly Agree
Agree
Undecided
Disagree
SD
Strongly disagree
S/N
1.
RESEARCH ITEMS
SA
Divorce has significantly affected childrens
2.
3.
4.
Government Area
Certain factors or strategies cannot help to
sustain marriage among young couple in
5.
6.
A U D SD
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Government Area
Poor academic performance in most primary
schools is as a result of negligence
8.
9.
Marital
instability
is
cause
by
lack
of
influence
children
academic
performance
12. Divorce does not influence children academic
performance
13. Children with special needs can be easily
identified if parents are physically separated in
marriage.
14. Children with special needs cannot be easily
identified even when parents are no more in
marriage.
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