ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We wish to express our profound thanks to those who helped in

making this project a reality. Much needed support and help is provided by
some of our seniors. We would like to thank Prof. Preeti Athavale for
suggesting the right subject and guiding us throughout the project. We also
wish to thank Hanif sir for encouraging and supporting us on numerous
occasions.

PREFACE
In this world of technology integrated circuits have been used to
advance and improve the lives of humans and to make it more secure not
only in terms of facilities but safety as well. The importance of integrated
circuits such as microcontroller microprocessor etc.. is well known in various
engineering fields. The whole project is based on the key aspects of the
subject microcontroller and embedded system.
LED blinking using 8051 microcontroller as the name itself
suggests that the 8051 makes the LEDs blink for particular period of time.
This project helps understand how the 8051 works so rapid and effective
according to the decoding done by the programmer.This project will not only
improve our understanding of the subject but also change our perspective.
The project covers the entire scope of the subject and makes ones
comprehension more rugged.

INDEX
SR NO.

TOPIC

INTRODUCTION

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

AT89c51 REQUIREMENT

PROGRAMMING

PROGRAMMING INSTRUCTIONS

INTRODUCTION
8051 Microcontroller is a programmable device which
is used for controlling purpose. Basically 8051 controller is
mass programmable means it will be programmed at the
time of manufacturing and will not be programmed again,
there is a derivative of 8051 microcontroller,AT89c51
microcontroller which is reprogrammable.89c51 is an
8-bit device.
FEATURES: It is capable of
doing 8-bit operations . It have
4-ports which are used as input or
output . This device also have timer port
Interface and interrupt controlling.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

AT89c51 REQUIREMENT
AT89c51 needs an oscillator for its clock generation, so we should connect
external oscillator. Two 22pf capacitors are used to stabilize the operation
the crystal oscillator . EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program
executions. AT89c51 has no internal power on Reset ,so we have to do it
externally through the RST pin using capacitor and resistor . When the
power is switched ON, voltage across capacitor will be zero, thus voltage
across resistor will be 5v and reset occurs . As the capacitor charges
voltage across the resistor gradually reduces to zero.
The circuit may be simulated using Proteus.

PROGRAMMING USING KEIL

ORG 00H
MOV A,#55H
AGAIN:MOV P2,A
ACALL DELAY
CPL A
MOV P2,A
ACALL DELAY
.
:
LJMP AGAIN
DELAY:MOV R5,#150
L1:MOV R4,#255
L2:MOV R3,#255
L3:DJNZ R3,L3
DJNZ R4,L2
DJNZ R5,L1
RET
END

INSTRUCTIONS USED IN PROGRAMMING

ACALL(absolute call)
ACALL is a 2-byte instruction in contrast to LCALL , which is 3 bytes.
Since ACALL is a 2-byte instruction , the largest address of the subroutine
must be within 2K bytes because 11 bits of the 2 bytes are used for the
address.
LJMP(long jump)
LJMP is an unconditional long jump. It is a 3 byte instruction in which the
first byte is the opcode , and the second and third byte represent the 16-bit
address of the target location. The 2 byte target address allows a jump to any
memory location from 0000 to FFFFH.