Week
5
Vocab


*Romanesque:is
an
architectural
style
of
Medieval
Europe,
characterised
by
semi‐
circular
arches,
and
evolving
into
the
Gothic
style,
characterised
by
pointed
arches,

beginning
in
the
12th
century.
Although
there
is
no
consensus
for
the
beginning
date

of
the
style,
with
proposals
ranging
from
the
6th
to
the
10th
centuries,
examples
can

be
found
across
the
continent,
making
Romanesque
architecture
the
first
pan‐
European
architectural
style
since
Imperial
Roman
Architecture.
The
Romanesque

style
in
England
is
more
traditionally
referred
to
as
Norman
architecture.

Basilica:



 transept
is
the
area
set
crosswise
to
the
nave
in
a
cruciform
("cross‐
shaped")
building
in
Romanesque
and
Gothic
Christian
church
architecture.
The

transept
separates
the
nave
from
the
sanctuary,
whether
apse,
choir,
chevet,

presbytery
or
chancel.
The
transepts
cross
the
nave
at
the
crossing,
which
belongs

equally
to
the
main
nave
axis
and
to
the
transept.
Upon
its
four
piers,
the
crossing

may
support
a
spire,
a
central
tower
(see
Gloucester
Cathedral)
or
a
crossing
dome.

Since
the
altar
is
usually
located
at
the
east
end
of
a
church,
a
transept
extends
to
the

north
and
south.
The
north
and
south
end
walls
often
hold
decorated
windows
of

stained
glass,
such
as
rose
windows,
in
stone
tracery.


 ambulatory
(Med.
Lat.
ambulatorium,
a
place
for
walking,
from
ambulare,
to

walk)
is
the
covered
passage
around
a
cloister.
The
term
is
sometimes
applied
to
the

procession
way
around
the
east
end
of
a
cathedral
or
large
church
and
behind
the

high
altar.[citation
needed]


 radiating
chapels:The
eastern
end
of
the
building
has
an
apse
surrounded

by
a
cluster
of
lower
radiating
chapels
called
a
chevet.


There
is
an
emphasis
on
verticality.
The
vault
is
supported
by
flying
buttresses.

*Carolingian
minuscule:
is
a
script
developed
as
a
writing
standard
in
Europe
so

that
the
Roman
alphabet
could
be
easily
recognized
by
the
small
literate
class
from

one
region
to
another.
It
was
used
in
Charlemagne's
empire
between
approximately

800
and
1200.
Codices,
pagan
and
Christian
texts,
and
educational
material
were

written
in
Carolingian
minuscule
throughout
the
Carolingian
Renaissance.
The

script
developed
into
blackletter
and
became
obsolete,
though
its
revival
in
the

Italian
renaissance
forms
the
basis
of
more
recent
scripts.

*relic
is
an
object
or
a
personal
item
of
religious
significance,
carefully
preserved

with
an
air
of
veneration
as
a
tangible
memorial.
Relics
are
an
important
aspect
of

some
forms
of
Buddhism,
Christianity,
Hinduism,
Shamanism,
and
many
other

religions.


*reliquary
(also
referred
to
as
a
shrine
or
by
the
French
term
châsse)
is
a
container

for
relics.
These
may
be
the
physical
remains
of
saints,
such
as
bones,
pieces
of

clothing,
or
some
object
associated
with
saints
or
other
religious
figures.
The

authenticity
of
any
given
relic
is
often
a
matter
of
debate;
for
that
reason,
some

churches
require
documentation
of
the
relic's
provenance.

pilgrimage is a long journey or search of great moral significance. Sometimes, it is a journey to a shrine of
importance to a person's beliefs and faith. Members of many major religions participate in pilgrimages. A
person who makes such a journey is called a pilgrim.
Buddhism offers four sites of pilgrimage: the Buddha's birthplace at Lumbini, the site where he attained
Enlightenment at Bodh Gaya, where he first preached at Sarnath, and where he achieved Parinirvana at
Kusinagara.



buttress:

is
an
architectural
structure
built
against
(a
counterfort)
or
projecting

from
a
wall
which
serves
to
support
or
reinforce
the
wall.
Buttresses
are
fairly

common
on
more
ancient
buildings,
especially
in
Germany,
as
a
means
of
providing

support
to
act
against
the
lateral
(sideways)
forces
arising
out
of
the
roof
structures

that
lack
adequate
bracing.


*historiated
capital:A
capital
having
carvings
that
depict
an
event
or
story.



steifoy

*Romanesque
arch:is
an
architectural
style
of
Medieval
Europe,
characterised
by

semi‐circular
arches,
and
evolving
into
the
Gothic
style,
characterised
by
pointed

arches,
beginning
in
the
12th
century.
Although
there
is
no
consensus
for
the

beginning
date
of
the
style,
with
proposals
ranging
from
the
6th
to
the
10th

centuries,
examples
can
be
found
across
the
continent,
making
Romanesque

architecture
the
first
pan‐European
architectural
style
since
Imperial
Roman

Architecture.
The
Romanesque
style
in
England
is
more
traditionally
referred
to
as

Norman
architecture.


Charlemagne:
(pronounced
/ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn/;
Latin:
Carolus
Magnus
or
Karolus
Magnus,

meaning
Charles
the
Great;
2
April
742
–
28
January
814)
was
King
of
the
Franks

from
768
and
Emperor
of
the
Romans
(Imperator
Romanorum)
from
800
to
his

death.
He
expanded
the
Frankish
kingdom
into
a
Frankish
Empire
that
incorporated

much
of
Western
and
Central
Europe.
During
his
reign,
he
conquered
Italy
and
was

crowned
Imperator
Augustus
by
Pope
Leo
III
on
25
December
800
which

temporarily
made
him
a
rival
of
the
Byzantine
Emperor
in
Constantinople.
His
rule

is
also
associated
with
the
Carolingian
Renaissance,
a
revival
of
art,
religion,
and

culture
through
the
medium
of
the
Catholic
Church.
Through
his
foreign
conquests

and
internal
reforms,
Charlemagne
helped
define
both
Western
Europe
and
the

Middle
Ages.
He
is
numbered
as
Charles
I
in
the
regnal
lists
of
France,
Germany

(where
he
is
known
as
Karl
der
Große),
and
the
Holy
Roman
Empire.