Building Sustainability in Public

Private Partnerships

By
Naavi
At Bangalore Security
Summit 2009
October 9th October 2009

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 National Cyber Security-key aspects of
success

Collaboration
– Governments at Center and State
– Defense Forces
– Police
– Corporate Sector
– Citizens

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 Making collaboration happen

Requires
– Leadership
– Strategy
– Commitment

Effectiveness of Collaboration depends on
– Realization of a common goal
– Perceptions of the benefits of cooperation
– Perceptions of the risks on non cooperation

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 Kicking off a Collaborative venture..

May be easy particularly after a major

security catastrophe

But sustaining the enthusiasm and
maintaining the vigil in what appears to be
normal times is difficult.
– Natural Human tendency is to ignore threats and
avoid inconvenience inherent in security

Fighting the complacency is a big challenge

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 There have been and there will be
many great ideas..

Many of them will even get launched

– But only a few will get past the critical stage

May be forgotten..and lost for ever..
– May be revived at a different point of time in a different place…

Better late than never

Efforts need to be sustained over a period,

designed for success,

collection of feedback,

tuning and fine tuning of the approach,
– This applies to all projects whether security oriented or not…even
to this Summit

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 Building Sustainability in Public
Private Partnerships

Through a Structured
Approach

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 Structuring a sustainable relationship

Projects need participation of stakeholders

on a continuing basis
– Must be designed so as to provide the fuel for
continued interest over a period of time.

Public Private Partnership needs to be
bolstered with
– NGO and Beneficiary partnership for better
sustainability

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 Principal Stakeholders

The Government agency
– Motivated by individual torch bearers

Needs to be institutionalized so that it will continue even after the torchbearer
moves over to a different responsibility.

Private sector partner
– Motivated by profits

Needs to be reasonable

Ploughed back for future growth

The beneficiaries
– If a service is not used, project is a failure

Beneficiaries need to be provided a real value add, made aware, trained etc

NGOs
– Very helpful particularly at the launch stage and later to monitor and steer
the project on its pre determined course.

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 Every PPP

Should make all the

four stakeholders,
partners with part
ownership stake

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 Some Examples for Discussion

Mandatory Digital Signature use

Amendments to ITA 2000 for better National
Security

Cyber Crime Insurance

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 Mandatory Digital Signature Use

After ITA 2000 became effective from the Digital Society Day of
India made announcement of the system of licensing CAs

It took more than an year for the first CA to be licensed,
– A private sector initiative..with profit motive…two others
followed…along with public sector players..

Off take was low, business was not profitable
– Digital Signature law was going nowhere

Government stepped in to correct the situation with announcement of
mandatory use of Digital Signatures in MCA and Income Tax
applications
– the formula of public private collaboration in private sector CAs being
promoted by a Government directive on mandatory use
– Situation improved but new problems have surfaced because..the
prescription did not include the “Consumer” as a stake holder

We therefore now have a system which has security issues, legal
issues, consumer service issues etc

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 Amendments to ITA 2000 for better
National Security

ITA 2008 contains many prescriptions for better

Cyber Security
– New Crime definitions, Power to demand information from
intermediaries and companies, Intercept, and block
information including websites, call for data retention,
submission of traffic data etc

A nightmare for Privacy watchers
– Concerned genuinely with abuse and misuse of powers.

Is there a solution?...say…Netizen Rights
Commission/Advisory Committee

With public representation in lieu of/in addition to the review
committee now proposed?

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 Cyber Crime Insurance

A scheme to insure computer users against risks of loss arising

out of cyber crimes.. Viruses, trojans, online frauds etc

Premium driven business for private sector

Can evolve security standards

Can incentivize security practices by users

Can encourage security certification of software and hardware
– Market may not be ripe for private sector entry..
– Gestation period is too long and adoption requires public
education ..mandating of security practices..collection of reliable
cyber crime and security incident data and other issues which the
Government only can tackle.

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 What prevents the development of
Sustainable Projects

Policies of tendering.. Only a widely available product or service can

be tendered
– Innovative products or services are not amenable to tendering process

Policies of Governments not associating with small companies
– Only large companies with huge turnover can participate. They may not be
interested except in multi crore projects..process becomes too
cumbersome and unproductive

Policies of the Government in owning equity stake with the private
entities
– Issues of reputation, political considerations, etc

Policies on financing instruments
– Either entirely public sector or entirely private sector.. Why cannot a
hybrid? ..convertible loan or convertible equity?..Venture capital?..

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 If we can find solutions to some of the
issues raised…

We can structure a project which has

necessary sustainability built into it

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 Complexity of finding a formula

We need to find a formula to ensure that all

stakeholders see benefits at all stages of a project

Pre-launch phase

Break even phase

Profitability phase

With disparate interests and limitations imposed by
tradition or law, what we need may not be a simple
formula of equity sharing but an algorithm of variable
stake-responsibility-benefit relationship

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 An Attempt at Building a
Sustainable Project

An example..Cyber
Vidya

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 Principles for Success

Provide a Safe Browsing Network for Schools

– Students will themselves tap the resources available on the
Internet

Supplement with Content
– Produced by our own teachers

Relevant and more effective

Make the best teacher in the State for a given
subject available to every student in the State
– It will provide the all important motivation to the teacher
community to be recognized as a Cyber Teacher for a given
subject

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 How stakeholders are benefited

Students get a teacher for every subject
– If not through a physical teacher, there is a cyber teacher

Lack of sufficient number of teachers and the required quality will be felt in India
for decades to come
– A Cyber teacher is therefore a necessity to meet the educational objectives of the
Government

School Management
– Can Monitor the use of every computer resource and by every student or
teacher who uses the resource and optimize the user of resources

Teachers
– Can collaborate
– Can showcase their teaching talents in a given area of specialization which
will be available to all students across the State

Government
– Can fulfill the educational objective at nominal investment

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 Resource Mobilization

Upto Break even phase from the

Government

Maintenance from the Private Sector
– Partially funded by the school expenses

Supported by donors and public service
organizations who adopt select schools

By contribution of content by teachers which
can be monetized into equity stake

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 Looking forward..

…. to the development of this as

a model sustainable project in
Public-Private-Beneficiary-NGO
partnership
(PPBN instead of PP)

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 Thank you

Naavi
9343554943
naavi@vsnl.com
www.naavi.org

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