PHYSICS SOLUTIONS OF

"ADVANCED LEVEL PROBLEMS"

Target : ISEET (IIT-JEE)

TOPIC : GRAVITAION
PART - I
1.

Tsin =

Gm 2
(a x)2

Tcos = mg
mG

deviding we get

tan =

2.

(a x)2 g
Inside the shell gravitation field due to the shell will be zero but there will be some gravitational field due to the
block.

3.

From modified Gausss theorem for gravitation

r r

dv

E
.
d
s
=
4

r 0

r r

E 4 r = 4 G

k
4 r 2 dr
r
r 0

get E = constant

4.

as E is constant, so the Potential (V = E dr ) will be proportional to r

5.

Applying energy conservation form P to O

Ki + Ui = Kf + Uf

GM

O + (Mo)
2
2
R 2R

RESONANCE

GM
1

mo V2 + (mo)
=
2
R

V=

2GM
1
1

R
5
SOLN GRAVITATION - 1

6.

U = m (Vf Vi)
GM GM
GM
3

U = m
m
4
R
4R R

7.

GM
3
mR 2 = mRg 3/ 4
4
R

GM
g= 2 =
R

G() R 3
4
3

=
GR
2
3
R

gR
as Radius of the moon is one forth so g on moon is also one fourth.
Time period of a second pendulum on the earth

T = 2

gearth

at moon

T = 2

gmoon
1
1 = g
=
4
earth

dividing
1 =
8.

gmoon

99.2
= 24.8 cm
4

For a geo - stationary satellite

Tsattelite = Tearth
2
4 2
r3 =
Gm e
earth

1
earth

2/3

Asearth is doubled
9.

10.

So r will be

==

times Ans.
2 3
The reading of the beam balance will be independent of effective g, so W b = W'b but the reading of the spring
balance will Proportional to geffactive
At equator due to centrifugal force of earth, geffactive is less so Reading of spring ballance is less W s < W'b
2

1
4 3

(A) If it is projected radially it will go up and than move down in a straight line
(B) If it is projected with a small velocity near the earth's surface, g will be almost constant. So its path
will be almost parabolic (Projectile Motion).

(C) If the body is projected tangentially with orbital speed Vo

GM
r then it will revolve in circular orbit

(D) If the body is projected with a velocity V (Vo,Ve) it may revolve in an elliptical orbit.
11.

In two star problem

T = 2

r3
3Gm

T r3/2 and T

1
m

RESONANCE

SOLN GRAVITATION - 2

PART - II
1.

The mass of the sun is same for both the cases, so we can apply
2

Tplanet
R

= planet
T

R
earth
earth
Tplanet

1 year

2r

r

Tplanet = 23/2 years

70

2 3/2
25 revolutions. So he will see 25 summers, 25 winters, 25 springs ... so according to that planet his age
will be 25 years.
The life span of the man is 70 years . During 70 years , the revolution completed by that planet =

2.

(a) particle is closet to ring, when it is at its centre, i.e. zero.

(b) External force on Ring + particle is zero, hence centre of mass remain stationary. Hence distance of
centre of mass from initial position of ring = displacement of rin
mR 0 mP x 0
mR m p

3 10 8 6

(2.7 109 0.3 10 9 )

= 0.6 m
(c) According to conservation of momentum
mR VR = mP vP
where vR and vP are speed of ring and particle in opposite direction, when particle reaches centre of ring.
2.7 109 vR = 3 108 vP
VP = 9vR
By conservation of energy

GmR mP
R 2 x 02

+0=

GmR mP
+ 1/2 mRVR2 + 1/2 mPvp2
R

1
1
GMR MP R
2
R x 02

-11

6.67 10

1 2 mR m

P
= 2 vP 81

1 1
1
2.7 10 3 10 = vP2
8
10

2
9

2.7 10 9

3 10 8

81

vP = 9 cm /sec.
3.

Total distance from apogee to perigee

(a)
300 + 2(6400) + 3000 = 2a
a = 8050 km
Time period of the spacecarft
T2 =

4 2 3
a
GMe
2

T=

GMe

a3 / 2 =

4
GMe
R2

4
T=

a3 / 2

R g

RESONANCE

a3 / 2
R2
4
3

6400 10 9.8

(8050 10 3 )3 / 2

SOLN GRAVITATION - 3

(b)

Apply angular momentum conservation about the centre of earth, between perigee and Apogee.
mv1 rmin = m v2 rmax
.............(i)
(v1) (300 + 6400) = v2(3000 + 6400)

v1
94
v 2 = 67
(c)

Also apply energy conservation between perigee an Apogee

GmM e
GmM e
1

= 1 mv 2 +
mv12 + r
.............(ii)

2
rmax
2
2
min

Where rmin = (300 + 6400)km and rmax = (3000 + 6400)km

From eqn. (i) & (ii) we get
v1 = 8.35 103 m/sec
v2 = 5.95 103 m/sec.
To escape, velocity at r should be zero.
Applying energy conservation between perigee and r .
ki + U = kf + Uf

(d)

1
mv12 +
2

GM 2m

= 0 + 0
(
300

6400
)

v1 = 11.44 103 m/sec.

Increase in speed = 11.44 103 8.35 103
= 3.09 103 m/sec.

4.

at max and min. distance, Velocity will be perpendicular to the radius vector, Applying angular momentum
conservation about the sun, between initial position and the position of max or minimum distance.
MV0 r0 sin = MVr ..........(1)
applying energy conservation :

GMSm
GMS m
1
= 1 mv2 +

MVo2 + r

r
2
2

from equ (1) and (2) get

r=

ro
1 1 ( 2 ) sin 2

where

ro v o
GMs

have sign will give rmax and sign will give rmin .
5.

R = Radius of earth
r = radius of orbit of geostationary satellite
T = Time period of earth about its axis
T r3 / 2
r 3 / 2

3
r

2
r

RESONANCE

SOLN GRAVITATION - 4

3
r

2
r
Vrel = (1 2 ) R = R
=

3
r

R
2
r

Vrel =

3 r
2
3 rR

R
=
2
r
T
rT

Alternately

earth
earth

2
2
earth = T
=
24 hours
earth
If the satellite were geostationary its T would also be 24 hours. But radius is slightly increased, so its T
will also be increased.

4 2 3

T = GM R , taking log on both the sides

4 2

2 log T = log GM 3log(R)

Differentiating
2

dT
3dR
=0+
T
R

dT =

3 dR
T
2 R

dT =

3
(1km)
3 24
(24 hours) =
hours
2 ( 42000 km)
2 42000

(here R = radius of geostationary satllite = 42000 km)

Now, angular velocity of satellite relative to the earth

s/earth = s earth =
2
dT
rel = T 1 T

Using binomial expansion

rel =

2
2

T dT T

2
dT

1
1
T
T

RESONANCE

SOLN GRAVITATION - 5

dT
T2
Velocity of the point directly below the satellite relative to earth's surface will be
v = (rel)Rearth

rel =

v = 2 dT (Rearth)
T

v=

6.

(a)

3 24

hours (6400 km).

2
42000
( 24 hours)

m/s = 1.66 cm/sec

189

Orbital speed
v=

6.6 10 11( 6 10 24 )
(6400 640 )km

GMe
=
r

= 7.53 km/sec.
(b)
Time period

4 2 3

T2 = GMe r

T =

4 2
(6.6 10 11 6 10 24 )

(6400 + 640 km)3

T = 1.63 hours
(c)

Initial mechanical energy =

GMem
2r

( 6.6 10 11 )(6 10 24 )( 220 )

J
2 (6400 640 )km

Total loss in mech. energy during 1500 rev.

=

(1.4 105) 1500

21 107 J.

Final mechanical energy remaining after 1500 rev.

TEf = TEi Eloss

(6.6 10 11 6 10 23 220)
GMem

21 107 J

2 (6400 640)km
2rf

Solving get rg = 6812 km

Height from earth's surface = 6812 6400 = 412 km
(d)

Final orbital velocity

vf =

GMe
=
rf

6.6 10 11 6 10 23
( 6812 km)

vf = 7.67 km/sec.

RESONANCE

SOLN GRAVITATION - 6

(e)

Time period T =
=

(f)

2r
2 6812
=
v
7.67

1.55 hours

Due to Air resistance, net torque about the earth is nonzero.

So, angular momentum about the earth will not remain conserved.

7.

from angular momentum conservation about the sun,

J = m v1 r1 = m v2 r2
..........(1)
from energy conservation

GMS m
GMS m
1
1
..........(2)
=
mv12 +
mv22 +
r2
2
2
r1

Solving eq (1) and (2) get

J= m

8.

2 GM s r1r2
(r1 r2 )

GM
2 m s = m 2 R
s
R
2 R 3 4 2 R 3

G
T 2G
M = 6 1041 kg
M = nm s

M=

(6 1041) = n (2 1030)

n 3 1011

So x = 11.
Ans. 11

9.

W=

3 GM2
5 R
=

3 GM
MR
5 R2

3
3
g MR = 10 2.5 1031 = 15 1031 J
5
5

RESONANCE

SOLN GRAVITATION - 7