UNDERSTANDING GAS LAW

BOYLES LAW

CHARLES LAW

PRESSURES LAW

States that for the fixed mass of gas,

the pressure of the gas, P is inversely
proportional to its volume,V when the
temperature,T is kept constant .

State that for the fixed mass of

gas, the volume of the gas, V is
directly proportional to its
absolute temperature, T when
its pressure, P is kept constant.

State that for the fixed mass of

gas, the Pressure of the gas, P is
directly proportional to its
absolute temperature, T when
its volume, V is kept contant.

P
1(T = Constant)
V
PV = Constant

T (P = Constant)

V = Constant

T (V = Constant)
P = Constant
T

1. In the graphs above, the first

1. In the graphs above, the first graph
graph shows that V is directly
shows that P is inversely proportional
proportional to the absolute
to V.
temperature.
2. The second graph shows that P is
2. The second graph shows that, if
directly proportional to 1/V.
the temperature is in oC, the
3. The third and the forth graphs shows
graph does not pass through the
that PV is always constant for all value
origin.
of V and P.
3. The third and the forth graphs
shows that V/T is always
constant for all value of V
and T.

1. In the graphs above, the first

graph shows that P is directly
proportional to the absolute
temperature.
2. The second graph shows that, if
the temperature is in C, the
graph does not pass through the
origin.
3. The third and the forth graphs
shows that P/T is always
constant for all value of P
and T.

Explanation
1. When the volume of gas decreases, the

Explanation
1.When temperature increases, the

Explanation:
1. The kinetic energy of gas

number of gas particles per unit volume

average kinetic energy of the gas

molecules increases with

increases.

particles will increase.

temperature.

2. As a result, the frequency of collision between 2. The air molecule move faster and

2. The air molecules collide with the

the air particles and the wall of the container

collide with the wall of the container

wall of the container at higher

increases.

more randomly at higher frequency.

velocity and frequency.

3. As such, the pressure of the gas

increases.

3. As a result, the space between the

gas particles increases and the
volume of the gas increases.

3. The temperature in the gas increases,

causing an increase in pressure.

Example 1 :
A fixed volume of gas has a pressure of 0.75 atm at 300C. The gas is heated to 900C. What is the new pressure now?
Answer:
List the quantities. (Temperature must be changed to Kelvin)
P1 = 0.75 atm

T1 = 30 + 273 = 303 Kelvin

P2 = ?

T2 = 90 + 273 = 363 Kelvin

Substitute quantities in the formulae :

( Pressures Law)
0.75 = P2
303

363

Solve the problem :

P2 = 0.75 x 363
303
P2 = 0.89 atm (Answer with unit )

Example 2
A gas at 150C has a volume of 22 L. Temperature is increased to 550C. What volume will the gas occupy at this temperature?
Answer :
List down the quantities : (Temperature must change to Kelvin)
V1 = 21.5 L

T1 = 15 + 273 = 288 Kelvin

V2 = ?

T2 = 55 + 273 = 328 Kelvin

Substitute quantities in the formulae :

(Charles Law)

22 = V2
288

328

Solve the problem :

V2 = 22 x 328
288
V2 = 25 L (Answer with unit )

Example 3 :
A balloon is filled with the gas to a volume of 25 L at 2 atm pressure. The balloon is released and rise to an altitude where it volume
expend to 150 L. Calculate the pressure being exerted on the balloon at this altitude.

Answer :
List down the quantities :
P1 = 2 atm

V1 = 25 L

P2 = ?

V2 = 150 L

Substitute quantities in the formulae :

(Boyles Law)

2 x 25 = P2 X 150
P2 = 50
150
P2 = 0.33 atm (answer with unit)

EXERCISE :

OBJECTIVE QUESTION

1.

A glass of hot water is covered with an airtight lid and left to cool. Why it difficult to lift the lid when the water is cold?

The force between molecules water become stronger when the water is cold

The water vapor condense in the glass hence increase the mass of water.

The air pressure in the glass is lower than the atmospheric pressure when the water is cold.

The lid become wet and hence the stick to the glass.

2.

The air pressure in the car tyre is 240kPa at a temperature of 200C. Find the pressure of the air when the temperature increase
to 500C.

260,500 Pa

265,600 Pa

264,600 Pa

270,500 Pa

3.

The graph below show the relationship between volume of a gas with temperature.

Which of the following relationship is true?

A

1/T

Volume increase, Temperature decrease

When V =0 m3, T= 0 0C

4.

Which graph shows is not true about relationship between the volume of a fixed mass of gas and pressure at constant
temperature.

5.

The air pressure in the car tyre is increased after the car has travelled along distance because

The average velocity of air molecules in the tyre has decrease

The temperature of the air in the tyre has increased

The size of the air molecules in the tyre has increased

6.

When the temperature of a gas in an enclosed container increases at constant volume, its molecules..

Move with greater average speed

Are closer to each other

Collide with the wall of the container with smaller force.

Exerts a smaller force on each other.

7.

What happen to size of air bubble released by a diver under water as it slowly approaches the surface.

Same

Decrease

Increase

8.

The Brownian motion of smoke particles shows that

air molecules and smoke particle are randomly hit each others.

smoke particles are in random motion

air molecules are very close each others.

air molecules are in random motion.

9.

Diagram below shows a lorry tyre and the air pressure in the type is 210 kPa.

Lorry tyre

After a long journey, the pressure of the air in the same tyre is found to be 240 kPa. Which law can explain the change in the
air pressure?
A

Pressure law

Boyles law

Charles law

Pascals law

10. A round-bottomed flask containing air at atmospheric pressure is immersed in a water bath at a temperature of 40 C. If the
temperature of the water is raised to 100 C, what will be the pressure of the gas and the total kinetic energy of the

molecules?

Stucture Question :

1. Sketch the appropriate graphs that show Boyles Law, CharlesLaw and Pressures Law.
2. Diagram below shows a graph of pressure against temperature for a few different gases. What is the value of X?

3. The air in a closed cylinder is compressed to 1/10 of its initial volume. The temperature of the system does not change. If the
initial pressure of the system is p, what is the new pressure of this system?
4. A syringe that has an airtight piston and a spout that is closed tightly. When the piston is pushed in, which of the following
quantities will decrease?

5. The volume of a gas is V m3 at 30C. At what temperature will its volume be 2.5 V m3 if its pressure is kept constant?
6. An air bubble released by a diver has a volume of 8.0 cm3 at a depth of 8 m. What is the volume of the bubble at
a depth of 3 m? [Assume the atmosphere pressure is equivalent to 10 m of water]

7. What happens to the molecules of the gas inside the balloon when glass bottle immersed in hot water ? Explain your answer.

8. A container contains a fixed mass of a gas. When temperature of the gas increase it can lead to increase in the pressure. If the
kinetic theory is used. Explain.
9. Capillary tube which contains trapped air was place vertically. Then the tube is placed horizontally as shown in Diagram
below. What is the value of y? [Atmospheric pressure = 76 cm Hg]

3 cm

6 cm
3 cm

10. A certain law shows the relationship between the volume and the pressure of a gas when the mass and the temperature of the
gas are constant. What is this law called?

ESEI QUESTION
1. Apparatus set up in Diagram 1 show the experiment to investigate the relationship between the pressure
and the temperature of a fixed mass of gas. The graph of pressure P against temperature T obtained
as shown in Diagram 2.

Diagram 1

Diagram 2

(a) What is the relationship between P and T

(b) What is the value of T0 when pressure P is zero?

.

(c) Explain by using the kinetic theory :

(i)

why the pressure of a gas increase when the temperature increases,

..

(ii)

the condition of the molecules when the temperature is T0

.

(d) A gas is kept in a container with volume V and pressure 3.5 105 Pa at 0 C.
(i)
What is the pressure of the gas if the temperature is increased to 25 C?

(ii)

What is the gas pressure if the gas at 0 C is connected to an empty container with
volume 2 m3 and the entire gas is maintained at 0 C?

(e) Explain why a gas which is compressed strong enough can be converted to a liquid.
..