MATERIAL & ITS THERMAL

PROPERTIES

to be presented byPURNENDU KARTIKAY

Energy Engineering (4th Sem.)
Roll no:26
CUJ/I/2011/IEE/25
Under the guidance of
Dr. Basudev Pradhan
Mr. Partha Das

IN THIS PRESENTATION
What
Why

is Material Science ?
we study Material Science?

Thermal

Properties of Materials..

MATERIAL SCIENCE
Material Science
The discipline of investigating the relationships
that exist between the structures and
properties of materials.
Material Engineering
The discipline of designing or engineering the
structure of a material to produce a
predetermined set of properties based on
established structure-property correlation.

WHY MATERIAL SCIENCE??

The knowledge of Material Science serves
as a basic for the development of new
materials for the generation, storage, and
use of energy and for mitigation of the
environmental impacts of energy use..

Materials

Metals
Ceramics
Polymers
Composites
Advanced
Materials

Metals

Ceramics

Polymers

Composites

Iron

Glass

Plastics

Glass fibre

Aluminum

Concrete

Wood

Engineered
Woods

Copper

Brick

Cotton
(rayon,
nylon)

Carbon
Fibre

Titanium

Alumina

Glue

THERMAL PROPERTIES

The characteristic of material that determine how it

reacts when it is subjected to excessive heat, or heat
fluctuation over time

HEAT CAPACITY
A property that is indicative of a materials
ability to absorb heat from the external
surroundings.
The
energy required to increase the
temperature of the material.

C=heat capacity
(J/mol-K)

dQ
C
dT

energy input (J/mol)

temperature change
(K)

COMPARISON OF HEAT CAPACITY

PLOT OF HEAT CAPACITY VS. TEMPERATURE

GRAPH
Heat capacity...
increases with temperature
reaches a limiting value of 3R

The temperature dependence of the heat capacity at constant volume; D is the

Debye temperature
*Debye temperature is the highest temperature that
can be achieved due to a single normal vibration.

THERMAL EXPANSION

It is the tendency of matter to change in volume

in response to a change in temperature.
L final Linitial
Linitial

(T final Tinitial )
= Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

COMPARISON OF THERMAL EXPANSION

CONSEQUENCE OF THERMAL EXPANSION

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

The ability of a material to transfer heat.

dT
q k
dx

q=heat flux (J/m2-s)

k=thermal conductivity (J/m-K-s)
dT = temperature gradient
dx

COMPARISON OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

WIEDEMANNFRANZ LAW (1953)

It is the ratio of the electronic contribution of

the thermal conductivity () to the electrical
conductivity () of a metal, and is proportional
to the temperature (T).
=electrical conductivity
k
L

k=thermal conductivity
T
T=absolute temperature
L=constant {2.44*10^8 -W/(K)^2}

THERMAL STRESS
Stresses that are induced in a body as a result
of changes in temperature.
=
( )
=Thermal Stress
E=Modulus of Elasticity
=linear coefficient of thermal expansion
=change in temperature

THERMAL SHOCK
It occurs when a thermal gradient causes
different parts of an object to expand by
different amounts.
In a layman words it occurs due to uneven
heating/cooling.

Thermal shock is a primary contributor to head

gasket failure in internal combustion engines.

CONCLUSIONS

by the study of thermal properties of materials-

We

can design the buildings with well insulated

walls by using materials like mineral wool and
polystyrene..
During the construction of bridges the thermal
joints should be provided which allows the
metals to expand due to thermal expansion..
Thermal sock can be prevented by reducing the
thermal gradient seen by the object, by
Changing

its temperature more slowly

Increasing the material's thermal conductivity