ARAI India NVM - Vehicle Safety in India - 4th AAI Summit China

4th AAI Summit, Chongqing, China
23rd - 25th September 2015

Technical Session II
24th September 2015
Status of
Vehicle Safety Considerations in India
Neelkanth Marathe
Senior Deputy Director & Head
Power Train Engineering
AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH ASSO OF INDIA, PUNE [ ARAI ], India
Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

Neelkanth Marathe (ARAI Pune India)
Contents
Introduction to Indian Auto Industry

Major development trends in Indian automotive industry
Status of vehicle safety in Indian scenario
Vehicle Safety Technology perspectives
Government initiatives
Role and contribution of ARAI
Conclusions


Interesting Statistics INDIAN Automotive Industry

Indian automotive industry
significantly contributes to Indian Economy
7.1% of Indias GDP
27% of Indias Industrial GDP
45% of Indias manufacturing GDP
4.3% of overall exports
13% of excise revenues
8% of countries expenditure
Total investment ~ US$ 35bn
29 million people direct employment
27 million indirect employment
(source : MoHI, SIAM, ACMA, IMACS, MOSPI)


MAJOR DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Implement strategies to achieve :
Economics of Scale
Faster time to Market
Larger number of Variants
Push Green Technologies

due to :
Platform
consideration
Emission
Control
Increasing fuel cost

Crude petroleum depletion
Air Quality concerns
Carbon Emission control
Feature
enhancements
Focus vehicle features driven by :
Greater demand for Safety and Security features

Consumer demand for seamless connectivity

Indian OEMs face three-pronged challenge :

SAFER, CLEANER, FUEL-EFFICIENT
but Cost-competitive vehicles
Vehicle Safety is a fundamental need for customers
Buyers should be willing to pay for Safety features in Vehicles
Effectiveness of Airbags and seatbelts gain confidence level of
customers
Low percentage of self-ownership and unorganised driver
environment make implementation of essential safety features
a unique challenge in commercial vehicle segment


Indian Automotive Industry is aspired to realise VUCA concept to

happen show-up inspite of unfavourable environment world
over :
V
U
C
A
VOLATILITY
VISION
UNCERTAINTY
UNDERSTANDING
COMPLEXITY
CLARITY
AMBIGUITY
ACTION
(Source : Ms Mallika Srinivasan, Chairperson & CEO TAFE, India)


Vehicle Safety What does it mean in India !

~ 16 people die and 54 are injured every hour in India due to road accidents - Share
of fatalities was as high as 29% in Y2013
137,500 fatalities recorded in Y2013 alone one death per 3.8 minutes
More than 165,000 vehicles are stolen per year in big cities like Delhi 3 every hour
Metro cities record very high accident rates. Numbers increasing in small cities and
towns. Newly built highways are witnessing increasing vehicle conflict and accident
risks
OEMs and Vehicles users are required to jointly improve safety and security of
passengers and vehicles
Improve reliability of Safety Features - Educate customers to increase their
willingness to pay for advance features
Urgent need of implementing Overall Road Safety, vehicle design features, Driving
Habits / Culture and Infrastructure development , Traffic Management , Advance
nfotainment concepts, night driving aids, etc.

Proportions of different types of Road Users killed in Road Accidents
(Source World Report on road traffic injury prevention, 2004)


Road transportation is a cornerstone of Indias economic growth

Driving factors for Automotive safety
1
High number of accidents

inadequate road infrastructure
driver error
vehicle overloading
fluting of traffic rules
Lower rated Crash worthiness of budget cars
India
China
USA
EU
2007
2010
2013
3 Rising number of stolen vehicles - 75% of 2-wheelers
lack of insurance less than 30% of registered vehicles are registered
4 Reliability of Safety Features

5
more than 1 million cars are recalled in India because of malfunctions

Changing customer expectations
Indian buyers increasingly want features and technologies that aid in
driving convenience, visibility and safety

Road Safety Scenario : Road Accidents by Region
Source: World Business Council for Sustainable Development
India accounts for 6% of world deaths,

though it has just 1% of vehicle population

With modes of transport in populous India being so heterogeneous, it

comes as no surprise that traffic rules are frequently flouted and road
safety is matter of concern.
Traffic nightmares are an everyday occurrence for the citizens of
India.
Over the years, traffic fatalities in India have risen with the increase
in the total motor vehicle population, more than 140,000 people die
on the roads annually.
India has ambitious plans of constructing more than 20
kilometres of good roads per day.
It is proposed to make arrangements for commensurate
medical facilities while improving quality and connectivity.
As a country, which professes to endorse United Nations
Safe System Approach, India will have to collect proper
data and ensure that the safety standards match those in
developed countries.
Source: http://www.iru.org/cms-filesystemaction/policies/sustainable_development/road_safety/gsrrs_en.pd
f
The way forward will involve strengthening the legislation

and changing the way people think to ensure that lives are
saved.

Road Map For Homologation
BS II in 11
cities & BS I
in rest of
India
CEV engines
Trem II
Genset
engines
2000 - 05
Component
Type
Approval
Installation of
Components
on Vehicles
BS III in 11
cities, BS II
in rest of
India & BSII
for 2 & 3W
Trem-III
Power tillers
2005 - 10
Alignment of
standards
with ECE
Regulations
Component
CoP / Truck
& Bus Safety
BS IV in 11
cities & BS III
in rest of India
Trem-IIIA
OBD
Common
Emission
norms across
the country
2015- 20
2010 15
Crashworthiness
Occupant Safety
Pedestrian
Safety
Truck & Bus
Safety
EMC
Crash
Avoidance
Techniques &
Driver
Assistance
Systems
Impact of
Global
Harmonization
New
Technologies

Indian Safety Road Map


Drive towards Safer Automobiles

Component Type Approval
for Safety Critical Compo
Installation of Safety
Critical Components
2000 - 05
Crashworthiness and Occupant Safety

Bus Body Code
Truck and Trailer Code
Pedestrian Safety
EMC (for L, M, N)
ABS Testing for 2W
2005 - 10
Alignment of standards with

ECE Regulations
Component CoP / Truck &
Bus Safety
2010 - 15
2015- 20
Indian NCAP
CEVs Homologation
Crash Avoidance Techniques &
Driver Assistance Systems
Impact of Global Harmonization
New Technologies like ESC, etc.


Government is playing a major role in automotive safety along four dimensions :

Safety Regulations :
A draft of ROAD TRANSPORT SAFETY BILL is expected to be rolled out soon this year.
Aim is to reduce fatalities in road accidents by 200,000 in 5 years and create 1 million jobs
through increased investment in the transport sector.
Three independent authorities are proposed :
Motor Vehicle Regulation and Road Safety Authority (Regulator)
National Road Transport and Multimodal Coordination Authority (Facilitator)
National Highway Traffic Regulation and Protection Force (Enforcer)
Vehicle Testing :
Bharat New Vehicle Ssafety Assessment Program (BNVSAP) program has been launched to test
passenger cars in front and side crashes. Star-Safety Ratings will be provided which can be
used to market the vehicles. It will be mandatory from 1st October 2017.
Infrastructure :
Improve quality of road transportation in India thru developing integrated transport systems,
multimodal hubs, feeder systems, and last-mile connectivity for people-friendly mobility
Enforcement of Standards and Laws :
to enforce safety along national highways employing measures such as graded penalty point
system with enhanced fines.

Government is playing a major role in automotive safety along four dimensions :

Safety Regulations :
A draft of ROAD TRANSPORT SAFETY BILL is expected to be rolled out soon this year.
Aim is to reduce fatalities in road accidents by 200,000 in 5 years and create 1 million jobs
through increased investment in the transport sector
Three independent authorities are proposed :
Motor Vehicle Regulation and Road Safety Authority (Regulator)
National Road Transport and Multimodal1.Coordination Authority (Facilitator)
Regulation
National Highway Traffic Regulation and
Protection Force (Enforcer)
Vehicle Testing :
2. (BNVSAP) program has been launched to test
Bharat New Vehicle Ssafety Assessment Program
Testing Ratings will be provided which can be
passenger cars in front and side crashes. Star-Safety
used to market the vehicles. It will be mandatory from 1st October 2017.
Infrastructure :
4.
3. in India thru developing
Improve quality of road transportation
integrated transport systems,
Enforcement
multimodal hubs, feeder systems,
and last-mile connectivity
for people-friendly mobility
infrastructure
Enforcement of Standards and Laws :
to enforce safety along national highways employing measures such as graded penalty point
system with enhanced fines.

Drive towards Safer Automobiles - Special Focus on In-vehicle safety
Modern Infrastructure & Vehicle Technology in Indian Market
Improving Highways & Urban Infrastructure
Latest vehicles on road


Safety Technologies perspectives in Indian Scenario

Active Passenger Safety
helps driver to prevent accidents in terms of avoiding collisions and

preventing loss of vehicle control
Example : brakes, traction control systems, tyre systems
Passive Passenger Safety
focuses on minimizing damage to occupants during accidents relying on

dissipating the impact forces and providing cushion to the occupants or
creating a safe distance between occupant and point of impact forces
Example : air bags, seat belts
Vehicle Safety / Security
considers protection of the vehicle, its internal components, accessories, etc

from theft or damages in parking area
Example : engine immobilizer, motion sensors and alarms, remote shutdown


PASSIVE SAFETY STANDARDS - EVOLUTION
Safety Belt
Upgrade
Alignment with
ECE
Safety Belt
Fitment
Seat & Seat

Anchorage
Interior fitment for

M1
Survival Space
Offset Collision
Side Underrun
Bumper for M1
Bus Rollover
Side Collisions
Rear Underrun
Seat & Seat

Anchorage for other
than M1
FUPD
Side Door
Intrusion
1993 1997
2002
2003
2007
2009
Pedestrian Impact
2016


Crash Safety Regulations for Passenger Vehicles
Crashworthy Systems
Child & Female Occupant Safety
Pedestrian Protection
Smart Restraint Systems



CRASH STANDARDS ON THE ANVIL Identified for Implementation
AIS-098 : Offset Frontal Crash Test

For vehicles upto 2500kg GVW
56km/hr
40% offset deformable barrier
Driver & Co-Driver dummies 50%
Hybrid III dummies
Measurement of injury criteria such as
Head Injury, Neck Injury, Chest Injury
etc.
AIS-099 : Side Impact Crash Test
Vehicles with lower seat positions

50km/hr
Impact side dummy Euro SID
Measurement of injury criteria such as
Head Injury, Chest Injury, Pelvis Injury
etc.


CRASH STANDARDS ON THE ANVIL
AIS-096 : Frontal Crash Test
For vehicles 2500kg GVW

48.3 53 km/hr
Full width rigid barrier
Steering column intrusion
No dummies & Injuries measurement
AIS-100 : Pedestrian Protection

Impact testing for Pedestrian headform,
upper & lower legforms
Child Headforms
Testing on bonnet, bumper & windshield
locations
Measurement of tibia bending, head
injury


AIS-101 : Fuel System Protection
Rear impact test at 35km/hr

Rigid moving barrier
Assessment of fuel leakage
AIS-072 : Child Restraint Systems
All new vehicle to provide one identified seat

position where a Child Restraint System can be
fitted
Car manufacturer to specify the category of CRS
which can be fitted at this designated position in
the User Manual
Government to mandate for safe transportation of
children in approved CRS only
Children upto 16yrs to be transported in CRS
Regulation applicable for private passenger
vehicles
implementation
from
April 2015


New Standards Notified by MoRTH, India

Standard
Subject
Implementation Date
Vehicle Installation Approval
1st April 2015
Mandatory Use 1st April 2016
AIS 072
(ECE R44)
Child Restraint
Systems
AIS 096
(ECE R12)
Head On Collision
New Models - 1st Oct 2017

All Models - 1st Oct 2019
AIS 98
(ECE R94)
Offset frontal Crash

Test
New Models - 1st Oct 2017

AIS 99
(ECE R95)
Side Impact Crash

Test
New Models 1st Oct 2017

AIS 100
(ECE R127)
Pedestrian Safety
New Models 1st Oct 2017



Two wheelers and road safety
NEW SAFETY INITIATIVES FOR 2-Wheelers in India

Central Braking System for 2W below 125 cc
ABS for 2W above 125 cc.
Day Time Running Lamp (DRL).
Mandatory Helmet Wearing through local State-wise Mandating.
Separate Routes for 2W and Bi Cycle tracks

Rider Suites with better Conspicuity .


Indias road safety questionable with over 70% two-wheelers
plying on road without insurance
The safety of two wheelers is a matter of great concern to the traffic department.
For a country like India with extreme weather conditions and poor road infrastructure,
safety is of upmost importance.
Two wheelers are completely exposed to rain, sun, storms etc. and the braking grips are
not as sturdy as that of four wheelers resulting in greater probability of skids and falls.
Riders are encouraged to take a few measures to help maintain their safety.
Long trips for example, should be planned ahead.
Helmets should always be worn, regardless of the length of the journey. It is the riders responsibility to ensure his
or her helmet adheres to the official safety guidelines such as having a chin guard for instance.
The bike itself needs to be looked after carefully too:
Tyres must have 2 3 mm of tread left, and should be properly inflated as per the manufacturer's recommendation.
All the tyres should be checked before the journey, as driving with under-inflated tyres may prove dangerous.
The brake oil should be checked regularly.
While driving, a safe distance has to be maintained both in front and behind, giving enough time to react in case of
emergency braking.
Other safety features includes turning on the headlights during late evenings. In some countries it is compulsory for
all two wheelers to have their lights switched on regardless of whether it is nighttime or daytime.
Speed is another factor in accidents: concrete roads are far more slippery than tar roads during the monsoon
season, so driving at a moderate speed is the best practice.


In India, the state government has adopted stringent rules
to ensure the safety of two wheelers. These laws include :
single pillion riding, wearing helmets being made compulsory for both the driver
and passenger if there is one on the two wheeler,
penalizing riders caught drink-driving (that is applicable to all vehicles),
speed checks over flyovers, on road sides etc.
The traffic police are also expected to step up to the mark and come down
heavily on any individual breaking the rules. This is particularly relevant during
festive seasons, when riders and passengers are more prone to disobey the law
by drink driving or having more than one pillion per bike.
Two wheeler accidents are unfortunately much more dangerous for the rider than
for drivers of four wheelers, and these accidents can often be fatal.
Despite the government stepping up and implementing more and more safety
laws, the main responsibility should lie within the people who are riding the two
wheelers to abide by the traffic norms in order to avoid these accidents.


The rollover propensity of a three-wheeled scooter taxi is
used extensively on S-E Asian roads.
Three-wheel scooter taxis (TSR) form an essential part of
public transport for the urban middle class population of India.
Apart from India, TSRs are also being used the world over for
public transport and for carrying freight.
The high manoeuvrability of TWVs makes them deft at avoiding vehicular conflicts
following issues in TWV safety :
(i)
What is the rollover propensity of the commonly used TWV using the latest
manoeuvrability assessment tests and how does it compare to conventional
vehicles?
(ii) What is the optimum configuration of the TWV to minimize rollover propensity ?
(iii) Even if rollover is initiated, under what condition does the TWV roll over?
(iv) What are the measures of injury to occupants and pedestrians in the crash
incidents?

The Safety Code for Construction of three wheeler

2-Point Safety Belts for Passengers.
Side Door Provisions.
Improved Seats and Their Anchorages.
E rickshaw for Identified areas with controlled speeds.



Apart from the domestic demand, India has also emerged as a major export hub
for 3Wheelers.
It is present in some of the South Asian, African and Latin American markets that are
replicating Indian 3W story with rising disposable incomes but inadequate public
transport systems.
High tonnage (0.75T and above) 3W cargo segment has
largely lost out to 4W SCVs that provide higher stability,
safety, speed, space and style.
SCVs are gaining increasing popularity and acceptance in
Passenger transportation in intra-city and urban areas
SCVs are gaining popularity even in the lower tonnage
(0.5T) Cargo and Passenger segments with introduction
of some of the recently introduced smaller vehicles by
Indian Commercial Vehicle OEMs.

Government of Indias initiatives
Bharat New Vehicle Safety Program BNVSAP

A New Car Assessment Program (or Programme) is a government car safety
program tasked with evaluating new automobile designs for performance against
various safety threats.
The first NCAP was created in 1979, by the United States National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration.
Currently, there are 08 NCAP programs running worldwide in USA, Japan, Korea,
Australia, Europe, China, Latin Countries, ASEAN countries
Technical Proposal for an India NCAP Program is already drawn up and awaiting
approval from Govt. of India
This program, when launched, will promote consumer information about safe cars
and incentivise the OEMs to launch safer vehicles in the market
The Phase-I of BNVSAP will consist of offset frontal, side impact, pedestrian impact
tests in addition with points for safety features such as Head restraints for all seats,
ABS, ESC, ISOFIX - CRS etc.


Government of Indias initiatives
Draft Road Transport & Safety Bill Act 2015

Key Provisions
Dedicated institutional setup to save over 200,000 lives in first

5 yrs
Time-bound vehicle type approval to promote innovation.
Conformity to make spare parts cheaper.
Single window driver licencing system. Automated driving test for
increased capacity with private sector participation.
Electronic enforcement in urban clusters. Special emphasis for safety
of vulnerable road users
Graded penalty point system with enhanced fines will act as a
deterrent and improve traffic condition by reducing road rage
Manufacturer liabilities for damages due to crash caused by
mechanical defect

ARAI has a vital contribution in

Vehicle Safety Development Program in India
ARAI is one of the KEY architects of AIS Safety
Standards framed for India
ARAI is working closely in harmonization of ECE
standards
Assists Government of India in framing the
Draft Regulations
R&D and Testing consulting services to OEMs
regarding vehicle safety aspects
Domestic and International Homologation
Services in the area of Vehicle Type Approval
including Safety related tests

Alignment with ECE Standards (126)

Harmonization with ECE Standards
(126)
11
17
98
Technically Aligned
To be taken up
Partially Alligned
AIS Automotive Indian Safety Standards


Homologation Services offered by ARAI : Safety

Crash tests - frontal, frontal offset, side & rear
Air bag deployment
Side door intrusion
Head restraint impact
Helmet impact
Safety glass impact

Steering impact
Mirrors
Lighting & signaling devices
Wind screen / wiper systems
Automotive bulbs
Speed limiting devices
Wheel rims
Horns
CNG / LPG components
Brake hoses

Comprehensive Test facilities are available at ARAI

for Homologation / Certification of all kinds of
Vehicles, systems and sub-systems
2 Wheeler - Petrol
CAR Battery
Agricultural Tractor
2 Wheeler - Battery
BUS
Construction Equipment
CAR Passenger
Commercial Vehicle
Genset

Snapshot of NEW Safety Test Facility at ARAI


Conclusions
While Implementation of Safety Regulations as per road map of India will
continue to demand minimum safety, the safety initiative like Indian-NCAP
will demand safety beyond Regulations.
Proposed New safety Bill will act as an enabler for Improving Road Safety
Scenario in India.
Indian-NCAP will go a long way in creating safety awareness among
consumers, reduce the injuries and road fatalities.
Periodical collection of Accident Data will provide Inputs to Improve safety
measures.
Special emphasis is being given to ensuring safety of 2 and 3-wheelers and
budget-cars.
Governments special drive for Driver Education programs and investments
highway infrastructure development will enhance overall Safety and Security
of Vehicles and Occupants in Indian scenario.

Neelkanth Marathe
nvmarathe.edl@araindia.com
0091 20 30231430; www.araiiindia.com

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4th AAI Summit, Chongqing, China

23rd - 25th September 2015

AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH ASSO OF INDIA, PUNE [ ARAI ], India

Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

Introduction to Indian Auto Industry

4th AAI Summit, Chongqing, China

Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

Interesting Statistics INDIAN Automotive Industry

4th AAI Summit, Chongqing, China

Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

MAJOR DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Push Green Technologies

Increasing fuel cost

Greater demand for Safety and Security features

Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

Indian OEMs face three-pronged challenge :

4th AAI Summit, Chongqing, China

Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

Indian Automotive Industry is aspired to realise VUCA concept to

4th AAI Summit, Chongqing, China

Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

Vehicle Safety What does it mean in India !

Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

Proportions of different types of Road Users killed in Road Accidents

(Source World Report on road traffic injury prevention, 2004)

4th AAI Summit, Chongqing, China

Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

Road transportation is a cornerstone of Indias economic growth

High number of accidents

3 Rising number of stolen vehicles - 75% of 2-wheelers

lack of insurance less than 30% of registered vehicles are registered

4 Reliability of Safety Features

more than 1 million cars are recalled in India because of malfunctions

Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

Road Safety Scenario : Road Accidents by Region

Source: World Business Council for Sustainable Development

India accounts for 6% of world deaths,

Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

With modes of transport in populous India being so heterogeneous, it

The way forward will involve strengthening the legislation

Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

Road Map For Homologation

Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

Indian Safety Road Map

4th AAI Summit, Chongqing, China

Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

Drive towards Safer Automobiles

Crashworthiness and Occupant Safety

Alignment of standards with

4th AAI Summit, Chongqing, China

Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

Government is playing a major role in automotive safety along four dimensions :

Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

Government is playing a major role in automotive safety along four dimensions :

Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

Drive towards Safer Automobiles - Special Focus on In-vehicle safety

Modern Infrastructure & Vehicle Technology in Indian Market

Improving Highways & Urban Infrastructure

Latest vehicles on road

Status of Vehicle Safety Considerations in India

Safety Technologies perspectives in Indian Scenario

helps driver to prevent accidents in terms of avoiding collisions and

Passive Passenger Safety