Republic of the Philippines

City Government of Muntinlupa

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
NBP Reservation, Poblacion, City of Muntinlupa
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOC 2 POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE WITH PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE
Michael Anjielo R. Tabuyan
Instructor
INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE
POLITICAL SCIENCE

Study of the state (Aristotle)

A social science discipline concerned with the study
of the state, nation, government, and politics and
policies of government
The theory and practice of politics, and the analysis
of political systems, political behavior, and political
culture.

POLITICS

Process by which a community selects rulers and

empowers them to make decisions, take action to
attain community goals, and reconciles conflicts
within the community (Thomas Magstadt)
Who gets what, when, and how (Harold Laswell)
From Greek word polis, which means city or
affairs of the city-state

BRANCHES OF POLITICAL SCIENCE (DANIELE CARAMANI)

1. Political Theory the study of the concepts and
principles that people use to describe, explain, and
evaluate political events and institutions.
2. Comparative Politics study of the domestic
politics, political institutions, and conflicts of
countries
3. International Relations study of relationships
among
countries,
the
roles
of sovereign
states, inter-governmental
organizations (IGO), international non-governmental
organizations (INGO), non-governmental
organizations (NGO),
and multinational
corporations (MNC)

INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE AND CONCEPT OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT

Michael Anjielo R. Tabuyan [@michaeltabuyan]

WHY STUDY POLITICAL SCIENCE? ( HECTOR DE LEON)

1. Education for citizenship for equipping the Filipino
people the knowledge and awareness for them to
discharge their obligations of democratic citizenship
2. Essential part of liberal education for intelligent,
responsible citizenship
3. Knowledge and understanding of government for
people to know how the government operates, the
interests and forces behind particular policies, the
likely results of such policies, their respective rights
and obligations, who are their elected
representatives and what they stand for
RELATIONSHIP OF POLITICAL SCIENCE TO OHER DISCIPLINES

History political scientists employ knowledge in

the past to interpret the present and future
developments in political phenomena
Economics used by political scientists as an
approach when studying public financial policies and
government regulation of business
Geography used by political scientists as an
approach in studying the influences of physical
factors like population pressures, topography, and
location in the domestic and foreign policies of a
state, and its relation to other entities
Sociology used by political scientists in studying
the nature and origin of social control and
government authority, as well as the influence of
race and culture upon society and with the patterns
of collective human behavior
Philosophy political theories formed by
philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, Hobbes, Locke,
Marx, etc. are used by political scientists as a source
in framing theories, constitution and laws

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Psychology used by political scientists in studying

the mental and emotional processes motivating the
political behavior of individuals and groups and
assess its influence over public opinion, pressure
groups, and propaganda
Law used by political scientists to understand the
facts of politico-legal system and mechanisms such
as penalties and assess its influence in the political
system
Public Administration used by political scientists
to study the structure of the government, the
activities of the government and the processes
involving policymaking and its role in the political
architecture

POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
IDEOLOGY

Any set of fixed, predictable ideas held by politicians

and citizens on how to serve the public good
(Thomas Magstadt)

CLASSIFICATION AND EXAMPLES OF POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES

ANTI-GOVERNMENT IDEOLOGIES
o Anarchism system that opposes in
principle the existence of any form of
government, often through violence and
lawlessness; based on nihilism (philosophy
which believes that the destruction of all
existing social and political institutions is a
desirable end in itself)
o Libertarianism/Minimalism system based
on the belief that government is a
necessary evil that should interfere with
individual freedom and privacy as little as
possible
RIGHT-WING IDEOLOGIES
o Monarchism system based on the belief
that political power should be concentrated
in one person for example, a king who
rules by decree
o Fascism political system that is headed by
a popular charismatic leader and in which a
single political party and carefully
controlled violence form the bases of
complete social and political control; differs

INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE AND CONCEPT OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT

Michael Anjielo R. Tabuyan [@michaeltabuyan]

in communism in the sense that the

economic structure is privately owned
though controlled by the state
o Capitalism economic system in which
individuals own the means of production
and can legally amass unlimited personal
wealth and governments should not impose
any restrictions in the economy but rather
leave it to the private sector; formed by
Adam Smith
LEFT-WING IDEOLOGIES
o Socialism ideology that favors collective
and government ownership over individual
or private ownership; among its variants
are:
Communism political system
based on radical equality (classless
society) and the opposite of
capitalism; formed by Karl Marx
Democratic Socialism (welfare
state) form of government
based on popular elections, public
ownership and control of main
sectors of the economy, and broad
welfare programs in health and
education to benefit citizens

SOURCES:
De Leon, Hector (2009). Textbook on the Philippine
Constitution. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.
Magstadt, Thomas (2009). Understanding Politics: Ideas,
Institutions, and Issues.
Belmont, California:
Cengage Learning.

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