Stability of Cold-Formed Elements

2E12 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems
STABILITY OF
COLD-FORMED ELEMENTS
21/11/2010
Czech Technical University in Prague
Contents
2
Behavior features:
local
buckling of compression elements
plane
elements
elements with stiffeners
shear
lag
web crippling
Cross-section check
Beams restrained by sheeting
Connections
2E12 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems 21/11/2010
Cross-section idealiseation
C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems
21/11/2010
Cross-section
4
Idealised section with radiuses r=0 when r<5t
21/11/2010
Buckling in compression
21/11/2010
Buckling strength
6
Local buckling
Distortional buckling
Section
Sectional modes
distortion
Global buckling
Shear buckling
21/11/2010
Buckling strength
7
21/11/2010
Buckling strength
8
21/11/2010
Local buckling
9
Theory + calculation procedures

(see local buckling of plates)
p
=
com
b
= 1,052
t
cr
com
k E
com fy
Elements:
doubly
supported
outstands
stiffened
plain
21/11/2010
Stiffeners
10
Edge stiffeners
Intermediate stiffeners
21/11/2010
Stress distribution on stiffened plate

11
Calculation model
stiffener
supports plane element

stiffener itself can buckle (as compression member on
elastic foundation)
21/11/2010
Buckling of edge stiffener
Vrany
12
21/11/2010
Spring stiffness of stiffener

13
21/11/2010
Stress distribution - idealisation

14
- distortional buckling
21/11/2010
Calculation procedure
15
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Stiffener provides rigid support to the plate

effective widths
K, As, Is
Critical stress cr
for com = fy d (distortional buckling)
com = d fy
Effective widths of parts adjacent to the stiffener
As, Is
iteration 3. 7.
tred = d t
21/11/2010
Final effective cross-section

16
be,i 2 be,i 1
21/11/2010
17
Interaction of local and distortional buckling

(Vrany)
21/11/2010
18
Buckling modes
http://www.ce.jhu.edu/bschafer/cufsm
21/11/2010
Check cross-sections, members

19
EN 1993-1-3
Limits:
members0,45
t 15 mm
sheeting 0,45 t 4 mm
21/11/2010
Compression
20
interaction of local and global buckling
Nb.Rd = Aeff fy M 1
=
NR
=
Ncr
Aeff fy
=
Ag cr 1
Aeff
Ag
=>
21/11/2010
Buckling modes
(Dubina)
21
21/11/2010
Flexural-torsional buckling
22
uniaxial symmetrical profiles
1
cr,T
=
Ag i o2
2 EI w
GIt +
torsional buckling:
flexural-torsional buckling: cr,TF combination cr,T , cr,y
cr,y = E ( y i y )
2
buckling curve b
21/11/2010
23
Members subjected to bending
21/11/2010
Bending
24
Meff .Rd = ( LT ) Weff fyd
Lateral-torsional buckling
Specific design of cold-formed members in bending
subjected to lateral-torsional buckling
21/11/2010
Behaviour - Z section in bending

25
Slender section local buckling

Edge stiffener distortional buckling
Non-symmetry distortion of cross-section

Out-of-plane buckling of free flange in hogging
moment areas
21/11/2010
Cross-section distortion
26
CD
Reality
Idealized model
21/11/2010
Cross-section distortion
27
Simplified model
CD
+
K
z
21/11/2010
Calculation procedure EN1993-1-3

28
Sagging moments:
Ed=
M y ,Ed
Weff ,y
fyd= fy M 1
Hogging moments:
=
Ed
M y ,Ed
Weff ,y
Mfz
fyd fy M 1
+
=
Wfz
21/11/2010
29
Web crippling
21/11/2010
30
Web crippling
(Vrany)
21/11/2010
31
Web crippling
(Vrany)
21/11/2010
Web crippling
32
Eccentric compression to web

Rw,Rd equations derived experimentally
21/11/2010
Web crippling
33
Cases:
Single
Two
web
or more webs
21/11/2010
Web crippling
34
Loading cases:
a)
close to free end

b) far from free end
a)
from one side

b) from both opposite sides
Rw,Rd = f(t2, r/t, f, ss )

product of individual factors
21/11/2010
35
Interaction
21/11/2010
Combination M+R
36
MEd
FEd
+
1,25
Mc,Rd Rw,Rd
Governing condition e.g. for corrugated sheeting,

continuous beams
21/11/2010
Combination compression + bending

37
M z,E d =
NE d eN ,y
21/11/2010
38
Shear lag
21/11/2010
Shear lag
39
by elastic analysis (I. order) both tension and

compression
factor of ratio Le/b0 to solve when Le/b0 < 50
Thin walled and composite structures / Michal Jandera /
21/11/2010
Shear lag
40
for thin-walled sections, b0:
Effective width:
b
beff =
( y ) dy
0
max
21/11/2010
Shear lag
41
Effective width: beff= b0

Effective width factor
21/11/2010
42
Connections
21/11/2010
Connections
43
Welds
fillet
t
3 mm (automatic t 2 mm)
MAG is best
lap connections
spot
21/11/2010
Connections
44
Mechanical fasteners
blind
rivets
screws
3 d 8 mm
self-drilling
(self-tapping)
thread-cutting
cartridge
fired pins
bolts
21/11/2010
Blind rivets
45
21/11/2010
Screws
46
Different failure modes compared with classic bolts
21/11/2010
New types of connections

47
Rossete system
Adhesive bonding (problem of lifespan reliability)
21/11/2010
48
Design aids
21/11/2010
Design aids
49
Tables
SPOJIT NOSNK S PESAHY
PROST NOSNK
PROFIL
vha profilu
Z 250/2,0
7,80 kg/m
Z 250/2,5
9,70 kg/m
dek
slo
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
rozpt pole L [m]

5,0
3,41
3,41
3,28
2,49
-2,44
-1,92
4,61
4,61
4,25
3,66
-3,31
-2,81
6,0
2,34
2,34
1,86
1,63
-1,65
-1,29
3,17
3,17
2,42
2,43
-2,26
-1,91
7,0
1,70
1,70
1,15
1,12
-1,19
-0,91
2,31
2,28
1,49
1,68
-1,63
-1,37
rozpt pole L [m]
8,0
1,29
1,15
9,0
1,00
-0,89
-0,68
1,74
1,50
0,97
1,20
-1,22
-1,02
-0,69
-0,52
1,36
1,02
-0,95
-0,78
10,0
1,08
-0,75
-0,62
5,0
4,91
4,91
4,91
3,95
-3,95
-3,16
6,59
6,59
6,59
5,75
-5,29
-4,53
6,0
3,03
3,03
3,03
2,48
-2,64
-2,08
4,10
4,10
4,10
3,57
-3,58
-3,04
7,0
2,09
2,09
2,09
1,70
-1,90
-1,48
2,84
2,84
2,84
2,47
-2,59
-2,19
21/11/2010
8,0
1,54
1,54
1,48
1,25
-1,43
-1,10
2,11
2,11
1,92
1,83
-1,95
-1,64
9,0
1,19
1,19
1,02
-1,11
-0,85
1,64
1,64
1,32
1,41
-1,52
-1,27
10,0
1,30
1,30
1,03
-1,21
-1,01
Design aids
50
Software
2E12 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems 21/11/2010

Stability of Cold-Formed Elements

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2E12 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

Czech Technical University in Prague

buckling of compression elements

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

Idealised section with radiuses r=0 when r<5t

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

Theory + calculation procedures

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

Stress distribution on stiffened plate

supports plane element

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

Buckling of edge stiffener

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

Spring stiffness of stiffener

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

Stress distribution - idealisation

Stiffener provides rigid support to the plate

Final effective cross-section

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

Interaction of local and distortional buckling

Check cross-sections, members

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

interaction of local and global buckling

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

uniaxial symmetrical profiles

Members subjected to bending

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

Meff .Rd = ( LT ) Weff fyd

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

Behaviour - Z section in bending

Slender section local buckling

Non-symmetry distortion of cross-section

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

Calculation procedure EN1993-1-3

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

Eccentric compression to web

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

close to free end

from one side

Rw,Rd = f(t2, r/t, f, ss )

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

Governing condition e.g. for corrugated sheeting,

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

Combination compression + bending

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

by elastic analysis (I. order) both tension and

Thin walled and composite structures / Michal Jandera /

for thin-walled sections, b0:

Thin walled and composite structures / Michal Jandera /

Effective width: beff= b0

Thin walled and composite structures / Michal Jandera /

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

Different failure modes compared with classic bolts

C9 Design of steel structures for renewable energy systems

New types of connections