LUBRICATING FLUIDS

Lubricating fluid fill all surface irregularities providing oil films which slide against each other and
prevent metal to metal contact. The primary purpose of lubricant is to reduce friction between
moving parts.
TYPES OF OILS:
There are three types of oil is used
1) Petroleum based, 2) Mineral based, 3) Synthetic based
In modern engine synthetic oil is used because it provide both very low& very high temp.
Performance. Synthetic oil are also used in some accessories on the engine such as starters & CSD to
preclude using wrong oil in these units. These oil can also be found in modern airplane hydraulic s/s
& in some instruments.
The characteristics of both natural petroleum oil & synthetic oil have outlined in MIL-L-6081 for
natural oil MIL-L-7808 & MIL-L-23699 for synthetic oils.
MIL-L-23699(TYPE II) is being widely adapted by military & civilian operator. There are many
advantages over other oil:
1) Higher viscosity
2) Higher load carrying characteristics
3) Better high temp. Oxidation stability
4) Better thermal stability.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of OIL:
1) Low volatility
2) Anti foaming quality
3) Less coke deposit
4) High flash point
5) Low pour point
6) Wide temp. Range (-60 F to 400F)
USES:
1) Lubrication
2) Cooling
3) Capable of collecting foreign metal
4) Oil must protect lubricated component which r manufacture from non-corrosion resistance metal.
5) Oil also used for cushion between metal parts
6) It aids in forming seals between piston & cylinder
7) It is used to reduce abrasive wear of moving parts.
SERVICING:
Before servicing of engine oil s/s should refer to engine or a/c type certificate data sheet or
operating manual for correct oil. Another important consideration when servicing the oil s/s is to
ensure that servicing is accomplished with in a short time ( hrs) after engine shut down.
Manufacture normally require this in order to prevent over servicing

IDENTIFICATIONsynthetic oil are straw color when new but darker over time in service .The color change come from
an oxidation inhibiter added to the oil which darkness after coming in contact with oxygen . The
gradual darkening effect is not an indication of oil degradation but rather the inhibiter performing its
function of absorbing oxygen content in air that is normally present in the bearing compartment
.However abnormally rapid or heavy discoloration of oil can be an indication of engine problem.
PRECAUTION
1. Make certain that oil is protected from contamination
2. When servicing engine oil wear protective gloves
3. Funnel should be clean.
4. Servicing perform within shot time after engine shutdown.