Introduction To Renewable Energy - Cap 1

8/24/2015
RENEWABLE ENERGIES
2023284
Period: 2015-1I
Introduction to Renewable Energy
Lecture schedule:
Introduction
Energy Worldwide
Environmental and global problems
regarding energy production
Overview of traditional energy sources
Review of renewable energy systems
Pros and cons of alternative energy
processes
Introduction to Ren. Systems
Dr.-Ing. Carlos Andrs Forero
August 24, 2015
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Remarkable things to think about
Where and when do we need energy?
Could we live without energy?
Which types of energy do you know?
August 24, 2015 3
Humanitys top ten problems for

the next 50 years
Democracy
Disease
Education
Energy
Environment
Food
Population
Poverty
Terrorism & War
Water
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Energy
Water
Food
Environment
Poverty
Terrorism
Disease
Education
Democracy
Population
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Population growth
Population growth is increasing the

energy demand worldwide
Carlos Andrs Forero
August 24, 2015
Population growth

Carlos Andrs Forero
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Population growth

Carlos Andrs Forero
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Population growth

Carlos Andrs Forero
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Population growth

Carlos Andrs Forero
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Population growth

Carlos Andrs Forero
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Population growth

Carlos Andrs Forero
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Energy consumption
Population growth affects the energy

demand worldwide
Source: IEA, 2012

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Energy consumption
Likewise, electricity consumption rose up.
Source: IEA, 2012
August 24, 2015 13
Energy flow at different scenarios
How do we use energy worldwide?
Source: www.iea.org
August 24, 2015 14
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How is the energy flow in Brazil?
Source: www.iea.org
August 24, 2015 15
In Sweden
Source: www.iea.org
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In Colombia
Source: www.iea.org
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Anthropogenic effects on the

environment
Fossil fuels are so important to our life, but
their combustion causes
Greenhouse gas emissions
Global warming
Acid rains
Unsafe drinking water
Hazardous / solid waste disposal
Loss of plants and animal species
Ocean Acidification
August 24, 2015
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Global Warming
August 24, 2015
19
Greenhouse Gases
Residence
Time (yr)
Species
Sources
GWP
% Contribution
Water vapor
Natural processes;
HC Combustion
CO2
Natural processes;
HC Combustion
50 200
56
CH4
Organic decay;
HC Combustion
12
21
18
---
O3
Natural Processes
N2O
Microbial processes;
Agriculture
Waste & sewage
treatment
HC Combustion
120
310
CFCs & HCFCs
Anthropogenic
60 10000
1000-10000
13
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10
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CO2 emissions
CO2 emissions could not be neglected
Source: IEA, 2012
August 24, 2015
21
Energy consumption and CO2

production
Please check this video at least once
Video
August 24, 2015
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11
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Considering these problems, we must develop

different technologies capable of harnessing
renewable sources and producing clean
sustainable energy
August 24, 2015
23
Basic concepts
Renewable energy sources:

Are available faster than fossil fuels, and their
consumption rate is slower than their production rate
Clean systems:
Do not produce environmental assessment or
hazardous wastes
Uncommon or alternative sources:

Depend upon the location, because something
common here can result uncommon in other country.
August 24, 2015
24
12
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Basic concepts
Sustainable development:
Some definitions:
Meeting the need of the present generations without
compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their needs Brundtland, 1987
Process of change in which the exploitation of
resources, the direction of investments, the orientation
of technical development, and institutional change are
all in harmony and enhance both current and future
potential to meet human needs and aspirations
August 24, 2015
25
Renewable energy resources
Renewable energy resources organized by the

main source
Solar power
Wind power
Biomass
Solar radiation
Hydropower
Wave energy
Renewable
sources
Ocean Thermal
gradient
Gravitational
effect
Tidal energy
Thermal
gradient
Geothermal
August 24, 2015
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Renewable energy
These resources have a so valuable potential
August 24, 2015
27
Renewables into the energy market

Renewable energy share of global final energy
consumption, 2011
Source: REN21, 2013
August 24, 2015
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14
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Renewables into the energy market

Renewable energy share of global final electricity
production, 2010
Source: REN21, 2013
August 24, 2015
29
Renewable energy installed capacity

Added during 2012
Existing at end of 2012
Power Generation (GW)

Hydropower
30
990
Wind power
45
283
Biomass power
83
Solar PV
29
100
Geothermal Power
0,3
11,7
Concentrating Solar Power
2,5
Ocean Power
0,5
Hot water/Heating (GWth)

Modern Biomass Heating
293
Solar collectors for heating
32
255
Geothermal heating
66
Transport fuels (Billion liters/year)

Biodiesel production
0,1
22,5
Ethanol production
-1,1
83,1
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Renewable energy
Annual global new investment slightly decreased,
but, however, the trend moves upwards
Some causes of this decrease:
International economic crisis

Uncertain policy environments
Declining policy support
Source: REN21, 2013

August 24, 2015
31
Renewable energy
Nevertheless, there are some policies which
promote the use of renewable energy systems,
e.g.:
- 20,20,20 policy
- Feed in tariffs (FITs)
- Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPSs)
- New building codes and standards
In Colombia: PROURE and Proyecto de ley 278 de 2013
(3,5 to 6,5 renewable in SIN 2015-2020)
August 24, 2015
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16
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Renewable energy
Scenarios up to 2050
Source: REN21, 2013
August 24, 2015
33
OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SYSTEMS
August 24, 2015
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Hydropower
It provides about 20% of the world electricity.

In the developing countries, proportion rises
up to 40%
August 24, 2015 35
Solar power
The amount of solar energy incident on the
Earth is equivalent to 160 times the energy
stored in the worlds proven reserves of fossil
fuels
From these sources, the developed systems
can produce either heat or electricity
Solar thermal collectors

Photovoltaic panels
August 24, 2015 36
18
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Solar collectors
From simple systems for water heating to
complex power plants capable of delivering
electricity.
August 24, 2015 37
Solar collectors
From simple systems for water heating to
complex power plants capable of delivering
electricity.
August 24, 2015 38
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Photovoltaic systems
Devices capable of transforming solar radiation
into electrical current.
External wall:
10 floor building
Carlos Andrs Forero
August 24, 2015
39
Wind Power
Wind power offers the chances of generating
electricity by using a free resource without
emitting pollutants
August 24, 2015 40
20
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Wind Power
On- or off-shore wind power systems are
commercially available.
August 24, 2015 41
Wind Power
Dimensions affect the power capacity; bigger
systems transform more energy. Although, how
much can the size increase?
August 24, 2015
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Biomass
Sustainable
processes
August 24, 2015
43
Biomass
Wide variety of processes
August 24, 2015
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22
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Geothermal energy
Geothermal power results from heat stored in
rocks by Earths natural heat flow
August 24, 2015
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Geothermal energy
Feasibility depends upon the location
Worldwide geothermal temperature levels
Depth in the layer with dT=170 K
23
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Geothermal energy
Some plants operate near the boundaries
between tectonic plates, and over the ring of
fire.
August 24, 2015
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Ocean power
In this field, we can find tidal, wave power, and
ocean thermal gradient.
Carlos Andrs Forero
August 24, 2015
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24
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Pros and Cons

Pros
Cons
Low emissions
Cost (time dependent)
Sustainable
Intermittent
Huge potential
Noise (not everyone)
Free fuel
Geographically dependent
Decentralized generation
Low energy density
Employment (5,7 million people)
New infrastructure required
New industries creation
Low conversion efficiency
August 24, 2015 49
What do we have vs our needs

Supply side
Demand side
CCS Fossil fuel power generation
Energy efficiency in buildings and

appliances
Nuclear power plants
Heat pumps
On- and offshore wind
Water heating
Biomass IGCC and co-firing
Energy efficiency in transport
PVs systems
H2 fuel cell vehicles
Concentrating solar power
CCS in industries
Coal: IGCC
Industrial motor systems
Coal: supercritical
Rural energy
Second generation biofuels
More capable professionals
August 24, 2015
50
25

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8/24/2015

Introduction to Ren. Systems

Dr.-Ing. Carlos Andrs Forero

August 24, 2015

Remarkable things to think about

Where and when do we need energy?

Could we live without energy?

Which types of energy do you know?

Introduction to Ren. Systems

Dr.-Ing. Carlos Andrs Forero

August 24, 2015 3

Humanitys top ten problems for

Introduction to Ren. Systems

Dr.-Ing. Carlos Andrs Forero

August 24, 2015

Population growth is increasing the

Introduction to Ren. Systems

Carlos Andrs Forero

August 24, 2015

Population growth is increasing the

Introduction to Ren. Systems

Carlos Andrs Forero

August 24, 2015

Population growth is increasing the

Introduction to Ren. Systems

Carlos Andrs Forero

August 24, 2015

Population growth is increasing the

Introduction to Ren. Systems

Carlos Andrs Forero

August 24, 2015

Population growth is increasing the

Introduction to Ren. Systems

Carlos Andrs Forero

August 24, 2015

Population growth is increasing the

Introduction to Ren. Systems

Carlos Andrs Forero

August 24, 2015

Population growth is increasing the

Introduction to Ren. Systems

Carlos Andrs Forero

August 24, 2015

Population growth affects the energy

Source: IEA, 2012

Dr.-Ing. Carlos Andrs Forero

August 24, 2015

Likewise, electricity consumption rose up.

Source: IEA, 2012

Introduction to Ren. Systems

Dr.-Ing. Carlos Andrs Forero

August 24, 2015 13

Energy flow at different scenarios

How do we use energy worldwide?

Dr.-Ing. Carlos Andrs Forero

August 24, 2015 14

Energy flow at different scenarios

How is the energy flow in Brazil?

Dr.-Ing. Carlos Andrs Forero

August 24, 2015 15

Energy flow at different scenarios

Introduction to Ren. Systems

Dr.-Ing. Carlos Andrs Forero