Synopsis

on

Submitted by: -
Bharat Bajaj
(8th Sem. IT)

INTRODUCTION:
 Bluetooth is a standard for a small, low-cost, power efficient radio chip that can be
used by computers, printers, mobile phones, headsets, headphones, and numerous other
consumer electronics. This technology allows multiple devices to communicate with each
other, or one device can control and manage several other devices.

BACKGROUND:
Much in the same way that King Harald Bluetooth united Denmark and Norway, Bluetooth
was designed to unite computers, phone equipment and many other electronics devices. Back
in 1994, Ericsson Mobile Communications began a feasibility study on an inexpensive low-
power radio solution between cell phones and phone accessories.
4 years later, Ericsson, along with Nokia, IBM, Toshiba and Intel formed the
Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). This association represented leading companies in
mobile telephony, notebook computers and a market leader in digital signal processing
technology.
Bluetooth was positioned as “easy to use” link that would create a personal area
network. Immediately, the media and public raised unrealistically high expectations even
before the first hardware products arrived. The technology initially delivered more failures
than successes, with numerous bugs, complexities, and incompatibilities.
By 1999 – the year when Bluetooth Spec 1.0 was introduced - 850 companies had
joined the SIG. A year later, when spec 1.1 was accepted, the Group boasted well over 1,000
members and a full 2000 companies had become involved by 2003 when Bluetooth Spec 1.2
was announced.
Today, the Bluetooth SIG counts among its members 3,400 companies.

Why Bluetooth?
 Bluetooth was designed for consumers and small office/ home office users as an easy-
to-use, inexpensive way to transmit data without wires.
 Bluetooth uses minimal electricity so it may extend the life of battery-powered
devices such as notebook computers.
 Built-in encryption and authentication assure safe, secure wireless communication
 Bluetooth is perfectly suited for computers, mouse, phones, pens, laptops, PDAs,
cameras and any small battery-powered device.
Bluetooth Specifications and Classes:
 Since its introduction in 1994, the specifications for Bluetooth have continuously
improved.
1. Bluetooth 1.0 and 1.0B
 The original Bluetooth specifications had numerous problems and the various
manufacturers had great difficulties in making their products interoperable. Because
of the way Bluetooth devices had to communicate with each other, anonymity was
impossible.
2. Bluetooth 1.1
 In version 1.1, additional support for non-encrypted channels was added.
3. Bluetooth 1.2
This version is backwards compatible with 1.1. Major enhancements include:
 Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH), which improves resistance to radio interference
by avoiding the use of crowded frequencies.
 Higher transmission speeds.
4. Bluetooth 2.0
This version is backwards compatible with 1.x. The main enhancement is the introduction
of Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) of 2.1 Mbit/s.
 3X faster transmission speed (up to 10 times in certain cases).
 Lower power consumption.

Classes:
Power
Clas
Range Consumptio Applications
s
n
Typically used by devices that requires extended range,
Up to 330 ft
1. Greater such as Bluetooth to USB Adapters (IOGEAR
(100m)
GBU311) and more.
Typically used by devices which do not require great
range and should conserve notebook battery power,
Up to 66 ft
2. Lesser such as Bluetooth MiniMice (IOGEAR GME225B),
(20m)
Bluetooth GPS (IOGEAR GBGPS201), Printer
Adapters (IOGEAR GBP201) and more.
Used by devices require very short range, such as cell
3. Up to 33ft (10m) Least
phones, PDAs

Communication and Connection:

  Piconet:
A Master Bluetooth device can communicate with up to seven devices in a Wireless
User Group. This network group of up to 8 devices is called a Piconet. The devices can
switch roles, by agreement, and the Slave can become the Master at any time.
At any given time, data can be transferred between the master and one other device.
The master switches rapidly from one device to another in a round-robin fashion.
Simultaneous transmission from the master to multiple other devices is possible via broadcast
mode, but not used much.
 Scatternet:
The Bluetooth specification allows connecting two or more Piconets together to form
a Scatternet, with some devices acting as a bridge by simultaneously playing the Master role
in one Piconet and the Slave role in another.

( PICONET )

Bluetooth™ operates at the 2.4 GHz range. While wireless Ethernet 802.11 and some
cordless phones do share the 2.4 GHz band range, Bluetooth is designed to operate in a noisy-
frequency environment; moreover, by using constant frequency hopping, any possible
interference would be minimal and intermittent.

Pairing Mechanism:
The following summarizes the pairing mechanisms:
  Legacy pairing:
Each device must enter a PIN code; pairing is only successful if both devices enter the
same PIN code. Any 16-byte UTF-8 string may be used as a PIN code, however not all
devices may be capable of entering all possible PIN codes.
 Numeric Input Devices: Mobile phones are classic examples of these devices. They
allow a user to enter a numeric value up to 16 digits in length.
 Alpha-Numeric Input Devices: PCs and SmartPhones are examples of these devices.
They allow a user to enter full UTF-8 text as a PIN code. If pairing with a less capable
device the user needs to be aware of the input limitations on the other device, there is no
mechanism available for a capable device to determine how it should limit the available
input a user may use.

Bluetooth devices:

 Mobile Phones
 Headsets
 Stereo Headphones
 Audio Adapters
 Printers/Printer Adapter
 Keyboards and Mice
 GPS etc.

Software and Hardware Requirements:

To Bluetooth-Enable a Computer, the following are required:

 One Bluetooth USB Adapter or Dongle.

 One available USB port.
 One CD-ROM Drive.
 For Windows: Windows 2000/XP.
 For Mac: Mac OS X (10.3.9) or Higher.