SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN AGAMA YAN

UNIT KIMIA
PAPER 3 , ANSWERING TECHNIQUE
Code ( 4541/3)
1. Paper 3 format
Time
Type of
instrument
1 hour 30
Structure item
minute
Extended respons
item

Number of
item
2-3
(wajib jawab
semua)

Contruct

Marks

Question 1-2
EVALUATE SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL
Question 3
EVALUATE EXPERIMENTING
SKILL

33
17

2. Allocation of marks
Score Description
3
Excellent : Candidate gave the best response.
2
Satisfactory: Candidate gave an average response.
1
Weak : Candidate gave an inaccurate response.
0
Candidate gave no response or wrong response.
Example :
Refer to DIAGRAM 1.1 below,
Write the initial and the highest temperature of the mixture and change in temperature for
Experiment I .
Initial temperature of the mixture : oC
Highest temperature of the mixture : oC
Change in temperature
: oC
Answers:
Question Rubric
Score
number
1 (a)
Able to write the initial and the highest temperature and the change in
3
temperature accurately :
Eg:
Initial temperature of the mixture : 28.0 oC
Highest temperature of the mixture : 40.0 oC
Change in temperature
: (40.0-28.0) = 12.0 oC
Able to write any two of the temperature value accurately
Able to write any one of the temperature value accurately
No response or wrong response.

2
1
0

3. ANSWERING TECHNIQUE
(A). Science Process Skill
Enable students to formulate their questions and find out the answers systematically.
STRUCTURE ITEM [ 33 MARKS]
Question 1-2
Practical structural item
1

 Test
Science process skill
ASPECTS
Example 1 [SPM 2006, S1, P3]
Diagram 1.1 shows two eksperiments to determine the heat of neutralization.
Experiment I
Reaction between 25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH, 2.0 moldm-3 and 25 cm3 of
ethanoic acid, CH3COOH , 2.0 moldm-3 .

Initial temperature of the mixture : oC

Highest temperature of the mixture : oC
Change in temperature
: oC
Experiment II
Reaction between 25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH, 2.0 moldm-3 and 25 cm3 of
hydrochloric acid, HCl , 2.0 moldm-3 .

Initial temperature of the mixture : T1oC

Highest temperature of the mixture : T2oC
Change in temperature
: T3oC
DIAGRAM 1.1
2

(1) Observation
Able to state observation correctly which fulfill criteria given.
(Using the sense of hearing, tough,smell,taste and sight to collect information)
TIPS :
i)
Refer to aim of experiment.
ii)
State RV that can be measured from experiment.
Example :
Refer to DIAGRAM 1.1
State three observations that you could obtain in Experiment I other than the change in
temperature.
1. ..
2. ..
3. ..
(2) Measuring using numbers
Able to record information quantitatively using numbers and standard unit.
TIPS :
i)
Record the exact result from diagram and unit.
Tool/measuring tool
Accuratecy of reading
Example
reading & unit
Ruler
One decimal place
9.6 cm
Stop watch
35.0 seconds
One decimal place. Last decimal
26.5 seconds
place 0 or 5
Measuring cyclinder 50 cm3
25.0 cm3
Pipette 25 cm3
25.0 cm3
0
Thermometer 0-110 C
35.0 0C
Voltmetre 0-3V
2.5 V
Two decimal place. Last two
12.20 cm3
Burette
decimal place 0 or 5
12.00 cm3
12.35 cm3
Example :
Refer to DIAGRAM 1.1
Write the initial and the highest temperature of the mixture and change in temperature for
Experiment I .
Initial temperature of the mixture : oC
Highest temperature of the mixture : oC
Change in temperature
: oC
( 3)Communication
Using words or graphic symbols such as tables, figures or model to describe an action
object or event.
Able to construct a table to record results // complete the table given with result from
observation.
TIPS :
3

Table consists of MV , RV and added information from experiment(eg: observation).

Example :
Refer to DIAGRAM 1.1
Construct a table that can be used to record the data from both experiments.
[MV : Experiment I and Experiment II ]
[RV : Initial temperature and the highest temperature ]
[Observation on the responding variable: Change in temperature ]

(4) Making hypothesis

Able to come up with complete hypothesis that shows the relationship between
manipulated variable and responding variable.
TIPS :
* 2 data of MV RV
Use comparison sentence. ( whereas / while / but )
Compare (MV - RV)1 with (MV - RV)2
* More than 2 data of MV RV :
Use sentence ..
The higher/lower (MV),
the longer/shorter (RV).
Example :
Refer to DIAGRAM 1.1
State one hyphothesis for both experiments.

(5) Predicting
Stating the outcome of a future event based on prior knowledge gained through
experiences or collected data.
Able to predict and explain the result accurately.
Example :
Refer to DIAGRAM 1.1
Based on the temperature in Experiment I , predict the change in temperature in Experiment II.

(6) Using relationship between space and time

Able to state the relationship between a parameter ( e.g :location,direction , size,
shape,volume, weight and mass )with time.
4

Example :
Refer to DIAGRAM 1.1
Why must the initial temperature and the highest temperature be recorded in these experiments?

(7) Operational definition

Defining concepts by desribing what must be done and what should be observed
Able to define term/concept given according to the results of experiment.
TIPS :
Include the 3 V that is found in experiment.

Example :
DIAGRAM 1.2 shows the calculation to determine the heat of neutralization for the reactions
in Experiment I and II.
Experiment I
Heat released
= mc
=50 g x 4.2 Jg-1oC-1 x oC
= x J

Experiment II
Heat released
= mc
=50 g x 4.2 Jg-1oC-1 x T3 oC
= y J

Heat of neutralization
=
x J
Number of mole of water produced

Heat of neutralization
=
y J
Number of mole of water produced

Based on Diagram 1.2:

Give the operational definition for the heat of neutralization.

(8) Making inference

Able to state the reason for observation/statement of explaining observation.
Using past experiences or previously collected data to draw conclusion and make
explanations.
TIPS :
Observation + because //
Reason to observation of RV and MV
Example :
Refer to DIAGRAM 1.2
It was found that the value of y is greater than the value of x. Explain why.
5

(9)

Interpreting data
Giving rational explanations about an object ,event or pattern derived from collected
data.
Able to explain the relationship of the data recorded.
TIPS :
Based on observation/result of experiment, state the relationship of criteria given.
Example ;
Refer to DIAGRAM 1.1
How can the value of the change in temperature be obtained ?

(10) Controlling variables

Identifying the fixed variable, manipulated and responding variable in an
investigation. The manipulated variable is changed to observe its relationship with the
responding variable. At the same , the fixed variable is kept constant.
Identify the 3 variables :
* manipulated (MV)
* responding (RV)
* fixed/constant/controlled(CV)
and particulars to be implemented for each variable
TIPS :
* State 1 (one) CV only.
*Particulars to be implemented:
State what is to be done to MV, RV and CV using apparatus from question / diagram.
Example :
Refer to DIAGRAM 1.1
State three constant variables in this experiment.

(11) Clasification
Able to classify using observation to group objects or events according to similarities
or differences.
TIPS :
i)
Tabulation of data
ii)
Make sure every column have correct title
Example :
6

Refer to DIAGRAM 1.2

The experiment is repeated using methanoic acid.
The values of the heat of neutralization of these acids are given in Table 1.
Complete Table 1 by classifying the acids as strong acid or weak acid.
Name of acid
Ethanoic acid
Hydrochloric acid
Methanoic acid

Heat of neutralization / kJmol-1

-50.3
-57.2
-50.5

Type of acid

B) ESSAY ITEM [ 17 MARKS]

Planning and conducting activities to test a certain hyphothesis. These activities include
collecting, analyzing and interpreting data making conclusions.
i) Aim of experiment:
Read the question underline /highlight MV , RV and CV
State the aim/ objective clearly,correctly and completely.
ii) Problem statement :
Sentence must be written in a question from which starts with What..
Howand ends with a question mark(?)
Clear , correct and complete.
iii) Hypothesis
Statement relates MV with RV
State MV first in sentence followed by RV.
iv) Variables
MV = thing I will change (materials/things used)
RV = thing I will measure (from observation or reaction)
CV = thing I will keep the same
v) Materials and apparatus
State / list the name of all materials (eg: solutions, chemicals) and
all apparatus from textbook or diagram given in question.
Before writing procedure /method , draw a 2-dimensional diagram of the arrangement of
apparatus and materials with labels ( As a guide to write the steps in the method)
vi) Precedure/method
Volume and concentration of chemical solution must be started correctly and exactly.
7

 State the quantity used

Steps must be written in sequence
vii)

Tabulation of data /result

Table form
At least two column with title (MV and RV) and unit (if necessary)
MV is on the left column and RV on the right column.

Example 2 [SPM 2003, E3, P3]

If the body of a car is made of iron, it would easily rust. This is because the iron
surface is exposed to air and water. It is also easily dented in an accident. Thus , to
reduce these problem the body of the car is made of steel.
Referring to the above situation , design the laboratory experiment to compare iron and steel
based on one of the following properties :
Hardness or rust resistant
Your planning should include the following aspects:
(i)
Problem statement
(ii)
All the variables
(iii)
Statement of the hyphothesis
(iv)
List of substances and apparatus
(v)
Procedure of the experiment
(vi)
Tabulation of data