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Momentum Questions
1. Determine the momentum of a ...
a.) 60 kg halfback moving eastward at 9 m/s.
p = 540 kg*m/s, east
Ft = m (vf vi)
Impulse
A 57 gram tennis ball falls on sand. The ball changes
velocity from -1.2 m/s to +0 m/s in 0.02 s.
What is the change in momentum of the ball?
What is the average force on the ball?
Mass = 57 g = 0.057 kg
Pi = m*vi = 0.057 kg (-1.2 m/s) = -0.0684 kg*m/s
Pf = m*vf = 0.057 kg (0 m/s) =
P = Pf Pi = (0 kg*m/s) - (-0.0684 kg*m/s)
Pf Pi = 0.0684 kg*m/s
using Ft = P
F x (0.02 s) = 0.0684 kg*m/s
F= 3.42 N
Impulse
A 57 gram tennis ball falls on a tile floor. The ball
changes velocity from -1.2 m/s to +1.2 m/s in 0.02 s.
What is the change in momentum of the ball?
What is the average force on the ball?
Mass = 57 g = 0.057 kg
Pi = m*vi = 0.057 kg (-1.2 m/s) = -0.0684 kg*m/s
Pf = m*vf = 0.057 kg (1.2 m/s) = 0.0684 kg*m/s
P = Pf Pi = (0.0684 kg*m/s) - (-0.0684 kg*m/s)
Pf Pi = 0.1368 kg*m/s
using Ft = P
F x (0.02 s) = 0.1368 kg*m/s
F= 6.84 N
Applications of the
Conservation of Momentum
Inelastic collisions
A train car moving to the right at 10 m/s
collides with a parked train car.
They stick together and roll along the
track.
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5.
7 kg
35 g
700 m/s
v=0
A rifle fires a bullet into a giant slab of wood on a frictionless surface. The bullet gets
embedded on the slab of wood. Find the final velocity of the slab of wood with the
bullet inside it.
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2.
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5.
before
= momentum
after
(m big fishv big fish) + (msmall fishvsmall fish) = (m big fish + msmall fish) V
(6 kg)(1 m/s) + (2 kg)( -2 m/s) = (6 kg + 2 kg) V
6 kg.m/sec + -4 kg.m/sec = (8 kg) V
2 kg.m/sec = (8 kg) V
V = m/sec
1.
2.
3.
momentum
before
= momentum
after
(m big fishv big fish) + (msmall fishvsmall fish) = (m big fish + msmall fish) V
(6 kg)(v big fish) + (2 kg)( 2 m/s) = (6 kg + 2 kg) 3m/s
6 kg. (v big fish) + 4 kg.m/sec = (8 kg) 3 m/s
6 kg (v big fish) + 4 kg.m/sec = 24 kg m/s
6 kg (v big fish) = 20 kg m/s
v big fish = 20/6 m/s or 3.33 m/s
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One of those Civil War cannons is fired. It fires a cannon ball at a velocity of
150 m/s. The cannon has a mass of 1200 kg and a recoil velocity of -2 m/s.
What is the mass of the cannon ball
Find the mass of the canon ball.
Diagram the problem
(m1 + m2) V = m1v1 + m2v2
Solve for m ball
momentum before = momentum after
(m cannon + mcannon ball) V = m cannon v cannon + m cannonball v cannonball
(1200 + m)(0) = 1200 kg (-2 m/s) + m (150 m/s)
0 = -2400 kg*m/s + m (150 m/s)
2400 kg*m/s = m (150 m/s)
m = (2400 kg*m/s)
(150 m/s)
m = 16 kg