Basic Drilling Engineering

Contents

WHY WE DRILL
PROSPECT SELECTION
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
MODIFICATION IN DRILLING
TYPES OF DRILLING
WHAT ARE DIFFERENT WELL LOCATIONS IN TERMS OF
DRILLING
CONVENTINAL DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS
RIG COMPONENTS
ADVANCEMENT IN ROTARY DRILLING
MUD TYPES & THEIR USAGE
WHAT WE CALL A SUCCESSFUL DRILLING OPERATION

Why We Drill
TO KNOW THE SUB-SURFACE

TO GET WATER FROM UNDERNEATH

TO GET THE BLACK GOLD ( OIL ) & GAS

Prospect Selection

In case of Production wells, prospect selection is

identified by the need to maintain or increase reservoir
production
Exploration wells require geological and geophysical
data gathering, processing and evaluation
Surface geological study
Subsurface mapping
Identification of structures e.g. anticlines, salt
domes, fault traps, sand bodies lenses
Seismic Evaluation

Historical Background
1808

PERCUSSION DRILLING BY CHINESE

FIRST COMMERCIAL WELL

1859

CABLE TOOL PERCUSSION DRILLING

1918

WORLD DEEPEST WELL BY CABLE

TOOL ( 7386 ft )
ROTARY DRILLING

1930

Modification In Drilling

Cable Tool

BY THE PONDING
ACTION OF THE
DRILLING BITS

Rotary Drilling

BY THE ROATARY
ACTION OF THE
DRILL BITS

Coil Tubing

USED FOR THE

HORIZONTAL &
MULTILATERAL
DRILLING

What are the different Well Locations

in terms of Drilling
Onshore and Offshore

Basic Drilling Rig Functions

HOISTING

DEERICK

DRAW WORKS

BLOCKS

HOOK

ROTATING

ROTARY TABLE
SWIVEL
KELLY

Basic Drilling Rig Functions

CIRCULATING

PUMPS

STAND PIPES

SOLIDS CONTROL EQUIPMENT

CONTROLLING

BLOWOUT PREVENTOR

CHOKE SYSTEM

Rig Components (Hoisting System)

DERRICK
The function of a derrick is to
provide vertical clearance to the
raising and lowering of drill string
into and out of borehole
Two type of Derricks
Standard Derricks - it is of bolted
construction and assembled part
by part
Mast a portable derrick, one
capable of being erected as a unit

Rig Components (Hoisting System)

CROWN BLOCK
The fixed set of pulleys (called sheaves)
located at the top of the derrick or mast
over which the drilling line is threaded.

TRAVELLING BLOCK
A pulley (sheave) assembly that
connects the drilling line to the
hook and swivel

Rig Components (Hoisting System)

DRAWWORKS
It is the control center from
which the driller operates the
rig. It contains clutches, chains
and other controls
It houses the drum which spools
drilling line during hoisting and
allows feed off during drilling

Rig Components (Rotating System)

KELLY
A Kelly is a square or
hexagonal length of pipe that
fits into a bushing in the rig's
rotary table. As the rotary
table turns to the right, the
Kelly turns with it.
The main function of a Kelly
is to transfer energy from the
rotary table to the rest of the
drill string
SWIVEL
It suspends the drill string
and allows rotation at the
same time

RAT HOLE

ROTARY TABLE

KELLY

Rig Components (Rotating System)

DRILL PIPES
Drill pipe furnishes the
necessary length for drill
string and serves as a
conduit for the drilling fluid

DRILL COLLARS
Provides weight and
stability to the drill bit,
maintain tension on the drill
pipe and help keep the hole
on a straight course

Rig Components (Rotating System)

HEAVY WALL DRILL PIPES
provides additional hole stability
and aids in directional control
STABILIZERS
centralize the drill collars, help
maintain the hole at full-gauge
diameter
JARS
provides sharp upward or
downward impact to free stuck
pipe
REAMERS
helps to maintain a full-gauge
hole diameter
CROSS OVER SUBS
which join components having
different types of connections.

Rig Components (Rotating System)

BITS
Most critical component in rotary drilling
operations. Different types of bits

Two main type of bits:

Rolling cutter bits

- consist of cutting

elements arranged on cones (usually three

cones, but sometimes two) that rotate on
bearings about their own axis as the drill
string turns the body of the bit. These bits
can have teeth or buttons

Rig Components (Rotating System)

Fixed cutter bits - also known
as drag bits, consist of stationary
cutting elements that are integral
with the body of the bit and are
rotated directly by the turning of
the drill string. The principal
types of fixed cutter bits are
natural diamond
polycrystalline diamond
compact (PDC)

Circulating System

Rig Components (Circulating System)

MUD PUMPS
Their function is to circulate the drilling fluid at
the desired pressure and volume
The pump normally used for this service is
reciprocating piston, double acting and duplex
type

STANDPIPE
A rigid metal conduit that provides the highpressure pathway for drilling mud to travel
approximately one-third of the way up the derrick
where it connects to a flexible high-pressure hose
(Kelly hose)
Many large rigs are fitted with dual standpipes so
that downtime is kept to a minimum if one
standpipe requires repair

Rig Components (Power System)

PRIME MOVRES
These are used to supply power
to drilling operations. These can
be steam engines, electric
motors, internal combustion
engine
The bulk of rig power is
consumed in two operations
namely circulation of fluid and
hoisting

Rig Components (Controlling System)

BLOWOUT PREVENTER (BOP)
If the formation pressure is more than
the imposed by drilling fluid, in this
case formation fluids flow into
borehole and eventually to the surface.
This effect is called blowout
The main function of blowout
preventers is to close the annular space
between the drill pipe and casing

ADVANCEMENTS IN ROTARY
DRILLING
DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

HORIZONTAL DRILLING
MULTILATERAL DRILLING
COIL TUBING DRILLING

Drilling Hazards
Tools dropped while drilling
Pipe stuck
Increased size of hole
Lost circulation problems
Sloughing shale

What we call a successful Drilling

Operation

Through which we get our desired

results without any accidents.

Quiz Test
Q.1 The first commercial well was drilled by

Q.2 write down the names of hoisting

equipment

Q.3 What is the function of Derrick ?

Q.4 What is the Function of BOP ?

Q. 5 what is the Latest Technique of drilling?