Written Examination

Advanced Signals and Systems

Family Name, Given Name:

Matriculation Number:
Examiner:

Prof. Dr.Ing. U. Heute

Date:

14.03.2011

Problem 1:

/ 40

points

Problem 2:

/ 33

points

Problem 3:

/ 27

points

Total:

/ 100 points

Written Examination
Advanced Signals and Systems
Instructor:
Date:
Time:
Location:

Prof. Dr.Ing. U. Heute

14.03.2011
9.00-10.30 h (90 min)
C-SR-1

Remarks:
Please check that you have received a cover sheet plus 3
sheets with 3 problems.
Please write your name and your matriculation number
on each sheet of paper that you return.
Please keep your student ID and your identity card ready.
During the exam only questions concerning the problems
are answered.
Please use a new sheet of paper with your name and matriculation number on it for each problem.
You can ask for more sheets of paper, if necessary.
The exam is open books, open notes; other people are closed. Programmable electronical devices except pocket calculators are not permitted.
Partial credit will be given. No credit will be given if an
answer appears with no supporting work or reason.
Date when grades will be ready:
see noticeboard of DSS.
Date of inspection:
see noticeboard of DSS.

Advanced Signals and Systems

Problem 1

Exam

Winter 2010/2011

(40 Punkte)

Given is the signal flow graph of a discrete system as depicted below.

1
2

z 1

12

z 1

1
2

51
45

1
2

(a) Allocate an appropriate number of system states, input and output variables to the
system and mark them in the figure.
HINT: This problem sheet is part of your solution now. Hand it out together with
your solution sheets.
(b) Determine the matrices, vectors and scalars A, b, c and d of the state space description of the system:
x(k + 1) = A x(k) + b v(k)
y(k) = cT x(k) + d v(k)
(c) Is the system stable? Give reason to your answer.
(d) Determine the transfer function H(z) of the system.
The system is excited by an uncorrelated stochastic process n(k) with the probability
density function (pdf )
pn (N ) =

(N 0.5)2
1
e 4.5 .
21.5

(e) What kind of distribution does pn (N ) describe?

(f) Does n(k) describe a stationary process? Give reason for your answer.

Advanced Signals and Systems

Exam

Winter 2010/2011

(g) Sketch pn (N ) and give the mean n , the variance n2 and the power density spectrum
(PDS) nn (ej ) of the noise process.
(h) Determine the frequency response H(ej ) and the power transfer function |H(ej )|2
of the system.
(i) Determine the output mean y and the output PDS yy (ej ) of the system excited
by n(k).

Advanced Signals and Systems

Problem 2

Exam

Winter 2010/2011

(33 points)

A continuous signal v0 (t) with theoretically unlimited bandwidth is to be transmitted via

a PCM (pulse-code modulation) channel. The first blocks of the PCM system are
an (ideal) anti-aliasing low-pass filter of cut-off frequency fc ,
a sampler with sampling rate fs described by v (t) = v1 (t) Ts
and

k= 0 (t kTs ),

a quantization, creating quantized samples from continuous-valued ones according

to a characteristic vQ (v) like, e.g., the ones sketched below.

v0 (t)

Ideal lowpass
cut-offfc

v1 (t)

fs = 1/Ts

Quantizer
vQ (v)

v (t)

vQ
I

vQ
II

3Q

Q/2
Q/2

PCM data

3Q

Q/2

Q/2

3Q

3Q

(a) Give the maximum cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter, give reason for your
answer.
(b) Are the three sub-systems in the above block diagram (i) linear and (ii) timeinvariant? Give reason to each answer.
(c) Independent of the system characters in part (b), a quantization may be termed
linear or nonlinear. Are the above characteristics I and II those of linear quantizers?
Give reasons.
(d) For quantizer I, determine the limits of quantization error v = vQ v.

Advanced Signals and Systems

Exam

Winter 2010/2011

Now we assume that all signal amplitudes within a single quantization interval are distributed with equal probability. The quantization error v can then be modeled as
quantization noise.
(e) Sketch the probability density function (pdf) pv (V ), and determine the mean
2
value v and the variance v
, with reasoning.

Advanced Signals and Systems

Problem 3

Exam

Winter 2010/2011

(27 points)

Given is a discrete system with the following block diagram:

cos(0 k)
v1 (k)
y(k)

v(k)
H

v2 (k)

v3 (k)
sin(0 k)

The frequency response of the Hilbert-Transformer contained in this system is given by

if < 0,
j,

j
H(e ) = j sign() = 0,
if = 0,

j, if 0 < .

(a) Determine the spectra V1 (ej ), V2 (ej ), V3 (ej ) and Y (ej ) corresponding to the
time domain signals marked in the block diagram in dependence of the input spectrum V (ej ).

The system is now excited by the input spectrum V (ej ) as given in the figure.
V (ej )
1

(b) Sketch the resulting magnitude spectrum |Y (ej )| for 0 =

(c) Which modulation system is realized by the block diagram?

2
8

and 1 =

2
.
16