Question 1

Pervasive computing will permeate in business environment therefore it is expected to have

consequences that will be reflected in a variety of business plans. Both positive and negative
effects are likely in equal measure at several levels.
Impact on privacy
In the use and processing of data, rendering all steps in the process visible and logically
comprehensible seems to be of less importance. Far more crucial is a users explicit trust in a
particular pervasive computing system that the service provider will handle personal data
responsibly. Apart from this concern, there is the danger that frequent use of a pervasive
computing application could potentially lead to the inattentive handling of personal data. [1]
For example as an employee the impact of pervasive computing could be harmful as the data of
their background could be centralized where any mishaps on their past working background
could be stored and distributed to other companies through the recruitment database which could
increase the possibilities of unemployment for that particular employee, any sabotages from the
previous company could damage his or her career path.
Economic impact
Among the economic effects associated with pervasive computing, work efficiency in particular
is expected to improve. This will become most apparent in the key economic areas of production,
logistics and commerce. This will not, however, play a role in smart homes. It is worth noting
that no significant efficiency gains from pervasive computing are expected for housework,
professionals working at home, and homecare of the elderly and/or ill. The motivation for
introducing pervasive computing into the smart home is to increase personal comfort, which is
not quantifiable in economic terms. [1]
This is because the necessity to be mobile is low in individuals house as they have already on
the comfort zone working from home or setting up a home based daycare or home care and this
specifically does not contribute into any major economics gain via pervasive computing.
Social impact
Clear positive effects are predicted for pervasive computings support of personal activities in
medicine, the home, communications and automobiles, while moderately positive effects are
expected in inner and external security, and in production, logistics and commerce.[1]
As for individuals social impact is that using pervasive computing could enhance the control
efficiency while working in office where they are able to monitor every movement in their house
while they are out and this most certainly the best way to keep everything safe in house as
constant monitoring would reduce stress of employee while working where they dont have to
worry much of their home safe keeping.

Physical impact
Physical contact with microelectronics can cause health risks as well. With the growing number
of devices worn closely to the human body, a more intensive dermal contact with the surface of
these products (polymers with additives) is inevitable. Grit and effluvium can be reabsorbed or
inhaled during longer periods. Due to the wide range of substances used for microelectronics the
risk of allergic reactions or chronic poisoning increases. Of course, the level of risk depends on
the substances used and the kind of encapsulation or other design measures taken to prevent
abrasion or effluvium. [2]
The most vulnerable individuals are the one who are using the devices which emits radiation or
any non-visible rays which might harm them internally, this causes unwanted diseases. The usage
of persuasive computing could even lead into humans reduction on movement where it leads
into unstable health issues on individuals.

Psychological Stress
Further health-relevant effects of pervasive computing can be caused indirectly by influences on
user behavior and the social context encountered. For example pervasive computing could cause
stress for reasons, such as poor usability, disturbance and distraction, the feeling of being under
surveillance (privacy issues), the possible misuse of technology for criminal purposes. [2]
The employee who have poor knowledge on technology would find it difficult to adapt with
pervasive computing which this could decrease the ability to fulfill the employers requirement
which would lead into high stress environment or far more worst a breakdown. For example IT
related personnel has to be equip with high technology knowledge before enduring themselves to
be prepared working in pervasive computing environment.

Consumer Freedom of Choice

At the same time there is a risk that consumer freedom about which technology to use will be
limited. As ICT dominates more and more activities (such as banking, learning, and shopping),
alternatives to using ICT may disappear in certain cases. Persons who do not want or are not able
to use ICT for certain reasons would be practically excluded from such services. The consumer
can no longer decide freely for which activities he or she will use ICT, or not. [2]
For example an individual who are from the old age group would find it difficult to make
payment via kiosk or any other machine related payment scheme as they are not prompt in using
devices thus this alienate them from being part of the world which does not require their services
nor existence.

Question 2
Mobility is one of the key factor which could lead an organization into a new era on this
competitive age.
Social Impact
Staff management is one of the positive results on ubicomp for an organization where, for
example the usage of RFID Technology in Malindo Air has taken data based notification into
another level where card reader usage has mobilize data entry into a more convenient way to
inform higher level management on the head count and attendance of the working staff. The
usage of ubicomp also gives multiple data to the management regarding the punctuality and other
attendance related information which is useful to evaluate the staff from point to point. This
implementation triggers the awareness of the staff to come in early and perform their duty as
they supposed to. While human supervision could lead into multiple problems such as the
supervisor could allow the staff to come in late nor might they not properly observe the
attendance due to lacking in managing their subordinate.
Security Impact
The usage of wireless technology webcam is highly needed for surveillance factor where
nowadays due to rapid growth on the indulgence of terrorism activity gives out high risk factor
for airlines industry which the priority in security is extremely high, thus the more advance an
airlines company in pervasive computing the more trust it gains from the consumer.
Profit Impact
The usage of ubicomp most effectively creates high output which this could lead into high
success rate of an organization, the more mobilize and easier for any consumer to gain the
services leads into more outputs. Through ubicomp any promotions or advertisement regarding
Malindo Air could easily viewed by the customers where this could be increasing the
productivity of the airlines as the purchasing rate of the tickets could be increased drastically.
Logistic Impact
In logistics, it is important to know where the goods are at any time. In the long term, ubiquitous
computing furthers this goal, in that transported objects are equipped with communication and
computing capabilities. For a more efficient flow of goods and information from suppliers to
enterprises, containers, pallets and products will be universally equipped in the midterm with
RFID transponders, which will improve traceability and transparency in the supply chain.[3]
Thus the traceability of goods in Malindo Air could be high and the trust gained form multiple
transaction could lead into high success rate for new emerging airlines such as Malindo Air

Electricity Consumption Impact

Despite high output nor profit could be gained using pervasive computing the only bad effect of
using this method in business is the amount of electricity usage which could lead into an hike of
30% in electricity wages due to 24 hours usage of all electronic devices in the company, this
would be either an investment for the betterment of the airlines or it could be notified as waste if
there is no systematic usage of devices in a company.
Legal Impact
Ubiquitous computing and its various applications present a considerable challenge for the
further development of data and consumer protection. The legal challenges are in the protection
of users informational self-determination in relation to the legally protected business interests of
the operators of UbiComp applications. In addition, questions may arise from the expected
utilization of autonomous information systems under private law. [3]
In Malindo Air the need to classify consumers information is high as it is related on various
aspect. Airlines ticket has to be prone on detail of a person who are leaving from one place to
another this is highly important as customers could misuse the services if they are not identified
properly. It is highly needed that all their personal authentication are stored on a proper database.
Tracking Impact
The situation such as flight crash and lost has provoked a lot of controversies where more digital
based tracking of flight has to be enhanced for safety of passengers thus high tech navigation
tracking applications are needed for android based devices are created for the safe tracking of the
flight, thus with ubicomp the free source of the flight arrival and departure tracking has to be
mobilized for customers trust. High trust on customers results in high profit in an airlines
industry.
Maintenance Impact
Pervasive Computing has an impact on non-electronic waste. For example, electrical household
appliances and vehicles will be equipped with printed circuit boards, LCD displays, and power
supplies or batteries. Packaging will be enriched with small microchips (RFID). The presence
of electronic components in objects that were formerly non-electrical will give rise to quality
issues in the recycling processes used for those materials. In this view a maintenance team has to
be setup which could lead into a cost for maintenance, despite the fact where Malindo Air is a
low cost airlines service the cost of maintenance could take up a percentage for sustaining the
Ubicomp of the airlines.
Air Traffic Control impact
The initialization of UbiComp could enhance the telecommunication errors conducted by
humans thus the probability of any errors is zero, On-board computers make possible a more
uniform operation of air controls, thus lessening considerably the frequency of misconduct. As
Malindo air has few pervasive computing in their business the error for any air traffic related
matters could be reduced without hesitation.

HR Impact
The growing needs on the UbiComp require HR to look for skillful employee as any employee
without technology knowledge could be no use for the airlines group thus more younger
generations are taken into the organization as they are equipped with more or less with IT and IS
knowledge. This could lead into a bad impact on the company where the older generation might
not be of any use for Malindo Airlines where even if the older generation are not prompt of new
technologies they are still experienced in handling critical situation.

Question 3
Ubicomp is considered as a must in a business structure as social networking and other related
systems are taking over the world in a rapid way, thus lack in UbiComp could lead into a
business failure. As for culture no matter the westerners or easterners the need of technology has
been crucial for both sides due to daily usage, people prefer mobility and instantaneous
information as they needed on that time. Hence even in cultures the cultivating of technology has
blended through many items such as communication barrier could be terminated, for example the
usage of google translator. The need for technology in food industry and medical industry which
is crucial for living beings to survive especially humans, the advance development which is
caused via pervasive computer technology is a benchmark of advancing human race into the next
era. The social need to communicate freely and clearly has been crucial nowadays and with the
existence of UbiComp the apps such as Wassap and Facebook has become the leading business
organization which creates the opportunity for many other business of the world to share and
roam throughout the world with ease. As for education, the software architecture have changed
the way humans learn and read into more digitalized and excitement using devices to learn in
school. As for the conclusion UbiComp is highly profitable venture in a business organization.

Referencing
[1] Pervasive Computing: Trends and Impacts, Federal Office for Information Security Germany
2006
[2] Ubiquitous computing: An overview of technology impacts, Michael Friedewald, Oliver
Raabe, 2010
[3] Expected Environmental Impacts of Pervasive Computing, Andreas Kohler1 and Lorenz
Erdmann, 2004