SUBJECT: HEAT TRANSFER Lab (M.

E 6th SEM) viva questions

QUESTIONS
EXP 1: To find out the thermal conductivity of a given metallic rod

What is steady-state condition?

What is heat conduction?
What is thermal conductivity?
Name the material having highest & least thermal conductivity?
What is effect of temperature on thermal conductivity of gases?
State Fourier law?
What is effect of temperature on thermal conductivity of metals?

EXP 2: To find out the thermal conductivity of the given insulating powder

Name the material used for insulation purpose & as heating element?
Heat Transfer takes place according to which law of thermodynamics?

EXP 3: To find out the emissivity of a given gray body

What is emissivity?
What is gray and black body?

EXP 4: Forced convection apparatus

What is Orifice - meter?
What is the function of blower?
What is Newtons law of cooling?
EXP 5: Natural convection apparatus
What is the range of h for Natural convection in gases & liquids?
What is Nusselt Number?
What is a boundary layer?
EXP 6: To find out the efficiency of pin fin in natural convection conditions
What is the application of fins?
Explain the method of heat transfer in extend surface?
What type of fin posses highest heat dissipation rate according to cross section & arrangement?
EXP 7: To find out the value of Stephan Boltzmann constant using Stephan Boltzmann apparatus
What is Stephan Boltzmann law & its constant value?
What is the effect on internal energy of an object during radiation?
EXP 8&9: To find the value of LMTD for the counter flow and parallel flow heat exchangers
What is heat exchanger?
Explain LMTD?
For evaporators & condensers ,LMTD for parallel & counter flow is
What is the value of LMTD if heat capacity of both fluids is same?
What is Relative direction of motion of fluids?
When NTU method is particularly useful in design of heat exchangers?
EXP 10: To study heat transfer with phase change

What is nucleate boiling?

Dropwise condensation usually occurs on which surfaces?

ANSWERS
EXP 1: To find out the thermal conductivity of a given metallic rod

Steady state implies that temperature at each point of system remains constant in due course of
time.
Conduction is the transfer of heat from one part of a substance to another part or to another
substance in physical contact with it.
Thermal conductivity is the rate of heat transfer through a unit thickness of material per unit area
per unit temperature difference.
Diamond & Freon-12.
Thermal conductivity of gases increases with increasing temperature.
Fourier law: the rate of heat conduction through a material depends on geometry of medium, its
thickness & material of the medium as well as temperature across the medium.
Thermal conductivity of the metals decreases with increase in temperature.

EXP 2: To find out the thermal conductivity of the given insulating powder

For insulation: Glass wool, wood, cork, Freon-12; as heating element: Nichrome.
Heat Transfer takes place according to second law of thermodynamics..

EXP 3: To find out the emissivity of a given gray body

Emissivity is defined as the ratio of emissive power of anybody to the emissive power of a black
body.
For gray body emissivity varies between 0 to 1 & for black body emissivity is 1.

EXP 4: Forced convection apparatus

Orifice- meter is used to measure discharge.

Blower is an external mechanical device which is essential for forced convection process.
The rate equations for convective heat transfer between a surface and an adjacent fluid is
prescribed by Newtons law of cooling.

EXP 5: Natural convection apparatus

Range of hfor natural convection in gases is 3-25W/m2-k & for liquids it is 50-350W/m2-k..
Nusselt Number represents the enhancement of heat transfer through a fluid layer as a result of
convection relative to conduction across a same layer. Larger the Nu, more effective is convection.
Boundary layer is a thin layer at the surface where gradients of both velocity & temperature are
large.

ANSWERS
EXP 6: To find out the efficiency of pin fin in natural convection conditions

Fins are applicable on: internal combustion engines, compressors, motors, transformers etc.
Fins enhance heat transfer from a surface by exposing a larger surface area to convection.
Drop shape C.S Fin > Circular C.S > Rectangular C.S & large number of thin fins are preferred.

EXP 7: To find out the value of Stephan Boltzmann constant using Stephan Boltzmann apparatus

The emissive power of a black body is proportional to fourth power of its absolute temperature &
its constants value is 5.67*10-8 W/m2-k.
In radiation, internal energy of an object decreases.

EXP 8&9: To find the value of LMTD for the counter flow and parallel flow heat exchangers

Heat exchanger is equipment which transfers the energy from a hot fluid to cold fluids, with
maximum rate & minimum investment.
LMTD is defined as the temperature difference which, if constant, would give the same rate of heat
transfer as actually occurs under variable conditions of temperature difference.
For evaporators & condensers, LMTD for parallel & counter flow is equal/same.
If heat capacity of both fluids is same, then LMTD is equal to temperature difference at either ends.
Relative direction of motion of fluids: Parallel, Counter & Cross flow.
NTU method is necessary if outlet temperature of both fluids is not known as priori.

EXP 10: To study heat transfer with phase change

In Nucleate boiling bubbles are created by expansion of entrapped gas or vapour at small cavities
in the surface when liquid is overheated in relation to saturation temperature.
Dropwise condensation usually occurs on oily surfaces.