GUIDELINEANDRECOMMENDEDPRACTICE

FOR
CONTROLOFTORSIONALVIBRATIONS
INDIRECTDRIVENSEPARABLE
RECIPROCATINGCOMPRESSORS

OfficialReleaseRev.0
June15,2015

GasMachineryResearchCouncil
ACIServicesInc.

GuidelineandRecommendedPracticeforControlofTorsionalVibrationsinDirectDrivenSeparableReciprocatingCompressorsPg.0.1

DISCLAIMERS

A. THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION RESULTING FROM A COOPERATIVE STUDY EFFORT

ANDMAYBEOFBENEFICIALUSETOTHOSEINTERESTEDINTHESTUDYRESULTS.THECONTENTSHEREOF
AREPROVIDEDASISANDCONSTITUTEONLYVOLUNTARYGUIDELINESFORTHESUBJECTMATTERTO
WHICH THE DOCUMENT PERTAINS. THE CONTENTS ARE NOT INTENDED TO CREATE A STANDARD OF
PRACTICE NOR ARE THESE GUIDELINES INTENDED TO BE BINDING UPON ANYONE. ACI SERVICES, INC.
(ACI), SOUTHERN GAS ASSOCIATION GAS MACHINERY RESEARCH COUNCIL (GMRC), AND ALL THE
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GuidelineandRecommendedPracticeforControlofTorsionalVibrationsinDirectDrivenSeparableReciprocatingCompressorsPg.0.2

TableofContents

Page

1.

SCOPE&INTRODUCTION

1.1

1.1 PurposeofDocument

1.1

1.2 ScopeofDocumentandEquipment

1.2

2.

GENERALREQUIREMENTSFORATORSIONALANALYSIS

2.1

2.1 Overview

2.1

2.2 ConditionsWhenaTorsionalAnalysisIsNeeded

2.1

2.2.1

Power

2.3

2.2.2

SpeedRange

2.3

2.2.3

Drivers(ElectricMotorandReciprocatingEngines)

2.4

2.2.4

NumberofCompressorThrows

2.4

2.2.5

CompressorCapacityControl

2.4

2.2.6

CriticalityofApplication

2.5

2.2.7

ExperiencewithSimilarApplications

2.5

2.3 Responsibilities

2.5

2.4 ContentsofaTorsionalAnalysis

2.8

2.5 TechnicalApproach

2.8

2.5.1

MassElasticModelPreparation

2.8

2.5.2

NaturalFrequencyCalculation

2.8

2.5.3

ComparisonofNaturalFrequencieswithExcitationFrequencies

2.9

2.5.4

AssessmentofPotentialResonances

2.9

2.5.5

ForcedResponseAnalysis

2.9

2.5.5.1 CompressorExcitations

2.10

2.5.5.2 EngineExcitations

2.10

2.5.5.3 SynchronousMotorExcitations

2.11

2.5.5.4 VariableFrequencyDriveExcitations

2.11

2.5.6

TransientAnalysis

2.11

2.5.6.1 MotorStartUp

2.11

2.5.6.2 ShortCircuitExcitations

2.12

2.6 BestPracticesinDesign,FabricationandAssembly

2.12

2.6.1

NoKeyways

2.12

2.6.2

InterferenceFits

2.12

GuidelineandRecommendedPracticeforControlofTorsionalVibrationsinDirectDrivenSeparableReciprocatingCompressorsPg.0.3

TableofContents(continued)

Page

2.6.3

CouplingInstallation

2.12

2.6.4

WeldedMotorRotors

2.13

3.

DETAILEDREQUIREMENTSFORTORSIONALANALYSIS

3.1

3.1 MassElasticModel

3.1

3.1.1. Compressor

3.1

3.1.2

Coupling

3.1

3.1.2.1 UncertaintyinDynamicTorsionalStiffnessandDamping

3.1

3.2

3.1.2.2 GeneralGuidelinesforChoosingBetweenFlexibleDisc,Torsionally
Soft,andDampingCouplings
3.2.2.3 ThrustConsiderationsforCouplings

3.1.3

Engine

3.3

3.1.4

Motor

3.3

3.1.5

GearBox

3.4

3.1.6

DiscreteDampers

3.4

3.1.7

EffectofMagneticFieldStiffness

3.5

3.1.8

CurrentPulsation

3.6

3.2 InherentSystemDamping

3.6

3.3 SteadyState(FrequencyDomain)Analysis

3.7

3.3.1

TorsionalNaturalFrequenciesandModeShapes

3.7

3.3.2

InterferenceDiagram

3.7

3.3.3

SteadyStateTorsionalLimits(toAvoidHighCycleFatigue)

3.8

3.3.3.1 AllowableTorques

3.9

3.3.3.2 DesignMotorTorquesandStressAllowables

3.9

3.3.3.3 CompressorAllowableVibrationLevels

3.10

3.3.3.3.1 CompressorLimitsDrivelineIntegrity

3.10

3.3.3.3.2 CompressorLimitsAncillaryComponents

3.10

3.3.3.3.3 AngularVelocityandTorsional/LateralAwareness

3.11

3.3.3.4 Engine

3.12

3.3.3.4.1 EngineFrontDisplacement(degrees)

3.12

3.3.3.4.2 EngineCrankshaftStressAmplitude(psiorMPa)

3.12

3.3.3.5 BoltedJointAnalysis

3.13

3.3.3.6 Dampers

3.13

3.3

GuidelineandRecommendedPracticeforControlofTorsionalVibrationsinDirectDrivenSeparableReciprocatingCompressorsPg.0.4

TableofContents(continued)

3.3.3.7 AllowableHeatLoadsLevels

3.13

3.3.4

ForcedResponseAnalysis

3.14

3.3.5

OutputPresentationofSteadyStateData

3.15

3.4 TransientAnalysis

3.15

3.4.1

GeneralRequirements

3.16

3.4.2

ContentofTransientAnalysiswithMotorDrive

3.16

3.4.2.1 MotorTransients:SynchronousMotorStarting

3.17

3.4.2.2 MotorTransients:InductionMotorStarting

3.17

3.4.2.3 ElectricalEvents

3.17

3.4.3

TransientAnalysisOutputInformation

3.19

3.4.4

Criteria,AllowablesandChecks

3.19

3.4.5

TransientTorqueLimits

3.19

3.5 LateralAnalysis

3.20

3.20

4.

TORSIONALVALIDATIONTESTING

4.1

4.1 ConsiderationsforTorsionalTesting

4.1

4.2 CharacteristicsofOldCompressorComponents

4.2

4.3 FieldTesting

4.3

4.3.1

Torque

4.3

4.3.2

AngularOscillation

4.3

4.3.3

CylinderPressure

4.5

4.3.4

ElectricalMeasurements

4.5

4.3.5

TestOutline

4.5

4.4 TestDataAnalysis

4.6

5.

5.1

IMPORTANT TORSIONAL SYSTEM INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

CONSIDERATIONS
5.1 Installation&CommissioningConsiderations

5.1.1

CouplingHubs

5.1

5.1.2

AxialSpacing

5.1

5.1.3

EquipmentAlignment

5.2

5.1.4

CouplingInstallation

5.2

5.1.5

ThrustClearance

5.2

3.5.1

LateralVibrationattheMotorBearingSupport

Page

5.1

GuidelineandRecommendedPracticeforControlofTorsionalVibrationsinDirectDrivenSeparableReciprocatingCompressorsPg.0.5

TableofContents(continued)

5.1.6

HotAlignment

5.2

5.1.7

DampingElementTemperature

5.2

5.1.8

TorsionalVibrationTest

5.2

5.2 Operation&MaintenanceConsiderations

5.3

5.2.1

AlignmentMaintenance

5.3

5.2.2

ElastomericCouplingMaintenance

5.3

5.2.3

ViscousDamperMaintenance

5.3

5.2.4

TorsionalVibration:TheSilentKiller

5.3

DATAREQUIREDFORTORSIONALANALYSIS

A.1

APPENDIXA

Page

AppendixA.1 CompressorDataRequiredforTorsionalAnalysis

A.1

AppendixA.2 CouplingDataRequiredforTorsionalAnalysis

A.2

AppendixA.3 EngineDataRequiredforTorsionalAnalysis

A.3

AppendixA.4 ElectricMotorDataRequiredforTorsionalAnalysis

A.4

AppendixA.5 GearBoxRequiredforTorsionalAnalysis

A.5

APPENDIXB

RECOMMENDEDCOMPUTATIONALPROCEDURES

B.1

AppendixB.1 BasisofEngineExcitations

B.1

AppendixB.2 EngineModelingConsiderations

B.6

AppendixB.3 Recommended Procedure for Accounting for the Stiffening Effect of

WebbedCoreMotorRotorGeometry
AppendixB.4 RecommendedProcedureforCalculatingZerotoPeakStressforShafts

B.9
B.11

AppendixB.5 BasisforSteadyStateStressAllowables

B.12

AppendixB.6 HeatDissipationfromElastomericElements

B.14

AppendixB.7 MotorMagneticStiffnessEstimates

B.15

APPENDIXC

MISCELLANEOUSTECHNICALINFORMATION

C.1

AppendixC.1 DiscussionoftheShearStressEnduranceLimitandHighCycleFatigue

C.1

AppendixC.2 DeformationofWeldedRotorMotorSpiders

C.3

AppendixC.3 RainflowMethodforCumulativeDamage(LowCycleFatigue)Analysis

C.4

AppendixC.4 CouplingThrustConcerns

C.6

AppendixC.5 DampingAmplificationFactors

C.7

AppendixC.6 VariableFrequencyDriveConsiderations

C.8

GuidelineandRecommendedPracticeforControlofTorsionalVibrationsinDirectDrivenSeparableReciprocatingCompressorsPg.0.6

TableofContents(continued)

Page

APPENDIXD

LISTOFREFERENCES

D.1

APPENDIXE

SAMPLEREPORTS

E.1

AppendixE.1 EngineDrivenCompressorTorsionalAnalysisReport

E.1

AppendixE.2 MotorDrivenCompressorTorsionalAnalysisReport

E.41

GuidelineandRecommendedPracticeforControlofTorsionalVibrationsinDirectDrivenSeparableReciprocatingCompressorsPg.0.7

AcknowledgementofContributorstotheGuidelineDevelopment

ThisGuidelineistheresultofgenerouscontributionsoftime,effortand/orfundingbymanycompanies
andindividuals.Thecompaniesandindividualslistedbelowaregratefullyacknowledged.

CompaniesthatprovidedprojectcofundingtoGMRCforthisproject:
ACIServices,Inc.;Chevron;ExxonMobil;GEOil&GasandNeumanEsser

Individualswhocontributedsignificanttime,effortandexpertiseservingaspartoftheGMRCTorsional
SubCommittee,appointedworkteams,developersand/orreviewersforthisGuideline:
Sundar Ananthasivan (Rexnord); Geoff Anderson (Tech Transfer); Russ Barss (Beta); Gary Bourn
(Anadarko); Josh Braun (IDC); Jonathon Brothers (Toshiba); David Burger (TECO Westinghouse); James
Casey(WEG);MarkChisholm(GEMotors);MarkCorbo(NoBullEngineering);BarryDick(TMEIC);Joseph
Dobogai(GE/WaukeshaEngine);BillEckert(Beta);MarkFanslow(TECOWestinghouse);TroyFeese(EDI);
Greg Funk (IDC); Ed Hauptman (LoRez); Chris Heron (TECO Westinghouse); Charles Hill (EDI); Justin
Hollingsworth(SWRI);MartinHinchliff(DresserRand);GerhardKnop(NeumanEsser);ScottLambie(TECO
Westinghouse);ClintLingel(Ariel);SarahMcChesney(ReichUSA);RyanMcGill(WEG);NathanMurfield
(WEG); James Nanney (TMEIC); Steven OToole (Chevron); David Pearsall (DresserRand); Christine
Scrivner (Kinder Morgan); Norm Shade Project Chairman (ACI Services, Inc.); Tom Stephens (Ariel);
Swammy Subramanyum (Neuman Esser); Keith Verspoor (Hyundai Ideal); Wenchao Wang (IDC); Brad
Woodworth(Caterpillar);andChuckYeiser(RBTSInc.).

GuidelineandRecommendedPracticeforControlofTorsionalVibrationsinDirectDrivenSeparableReciprocatingCompressorsPg.0.8