ABSTRACT

With the increasing levels of technology the effort

being put to produce any kind work Has been
continuously

decreasing.

The

effort

required

in

achieving the desired output Can be effectively and

economically be decreased by the implementation
of better designs.
Power screw are used to convert rotary motion into
translator motion. A screw jack is an example of a
power screw in which a small force applied in A
horizontal plane is used to raise or lower a large load.
The principal on which it works Is similar to that of
an inclined plane.

The mechanical advantage of a

screw is the ratio of the load applied to the effort

applied the screw jack is
lead

operated

by

turning

Screw. The height of the jack is adjusted by

turning a lead screw and this adjustment can be done

either manually or by integrating an electric motor.
In this project; an electric motor will be
integrated with the screw jack and the
Electricity needed for the operation will be taken
from the battery of the vehicle and Thereby the
mechanical will be increased

CHAPTER 01

SCREW JACK
A screw jack is a portable device consisting of a screw
mechanism used to raise or lower the load. The principal on
which the screw jack works is similar to that of an inclined
plane. There

are mainly two types of jack hydraulic

and

mechanical. A hydraulic jack consists of a cylinder and piston

mechanism. The movement . the piston rod is used to raise or
lower the load. Mechanical jacks can be either hand operated
or power driven.
Jack are used frequent in raising cares so that a tire
can be changed. A screw jack is

commonly used with cars

but is also used in many other ways. Including industrial

machinery and even airplanes. They can be short . tall; fat or
thin depending on the amount of pressure they will be under
and the space that they need to fit into. The jack is made out
of various types of metal. But the screw itself is generally
made out of lead.
While screw jack are designed purposely for raising
and lowering loads. They are not ideal for side loads, although
some can withstand side loads depending on the diameter
and size of the lifting screw . Shock loads should also be
avoided or minimized. Some screw jack are built with antibacklash. the anti-backlash device moderates the axial
backlash in the lifting screw and nut assembly to a regulated
minimum.
A large amount of heat is generated in the screw
jack and long lifts can cause serious overheating. To retain the

efficiency of the screw jack, it must be used under ambient

temperatures, otherwise lubricants must be applied . There
are oil lubricants intended to enhance the equipments
capabilities. Apart from proper maintenance. To optimize the
capability and usefulness of a screw jack it is imperative to
employ

it according to its design and manufacturers

instruction . ensure that you follow the speed, load capability,

temperature recombination and other relative for application .
The crew has a thread design to withstand and
enormous amount of pressure. This is due to the fact that it is
generally holding up heavy object for an extended amount of
time. Once op the normally self-lock so that the won.t fall if
the operator lets go, and they hold up will to the wear
repeated use. If they are made with a ball nut, the will last
longer because there is less friction

with this type of jack,

however, they will not self lock this can be dangerous and
handled carefully,
1.2 OPERATION
The jack can be raised and lowered with a metal
bar that is inserted into jack . the operator turns the bar with
his hands in a clockwise direction. The turns the screw inside
the jack and it makes it go up. The screw lift this small metal
cylinder and platform that are, above I As the jack goes up,
whatever is placed above it will raise as will, once the jack
make contact. The bar is turned The opposite direction. An
automatic screw

jack has gears inside the jack that are

connected to the screw. Theses gears are connected by other

gears and bars that are turned by a power source to raise and
lower the jack.
Although a jack is a simple and widely used
device. he use of any lifting device is subjected to certain
hazards. In screw jack application. The hazards are

dropping . tipping or slipping. Of machines or their part during

the operation . these hazards may result in section accidents.
The main reasons of .such accidents are as follows :
(i)

The load is improperly secured on the the jack

(ii)

The screw jack is cover loaded.

(iii)

The center of gravity of the load is off center with

respect to the
axis of the jack.
(iv) The screw-jack is not placed on hard and level surface
(v)

The screw is used for a purpose. For which it is not

designed
Proper size. Strength and stability are the essential
requirement for the design of the screw-jack from safety
considerations.

1.3 CONSTRUCTION OF SCREW JACK

Screw jack consist of a screw and a nut. The nut is
fixed in a cast iron frame and remains stationary. The rotation
of the nut inside the frame is by pressing a set screw against
it the screw is rotated in the nut by means of a handles. Which
passes through a hole in the head of the screw. The head
carries a platform. Which supports the load and remains
stationary while the screw is being rotated. A washer is fixed
to the other end of the screw inside the frame. Which prevents
the screw to be completely turned out of the nut.
1.4 FUNCTION
The basic function of a screw jack is to lift a portion
of a vehicle of a typically this is used to change a tire although
other maintenance is sometimes performed.

1.5 FEATURES
All jacks have safety feature to protect the user from
accidental injury. Wide bases help to stabilize a jack and
prevent tilting or sinking into soft soil. Most car jack also come
equipped with their own handle or cranking mechanism, but
alternately many of these also will accept the flat end of a tire
tool to jack up a vehicle. When in the extended position. Jack
will have a stop point that

1.6 BENEFITS
Equipping motorists with car jack has provided
many benefits to those who are on the road most importantly ,
jacks have equipped drive with the ability to change the tire in
an emergency situation without having to call for assistance,
which can save service fees and potential towing fees as well
car jack also provided the home auto enthusiast with a tool to
use in maintenance for their own vehicle with the simpler
tasks such as changing brake pades oil and belts. When used
appropriately with

safety in mind, car jack are an essential

resource for any one owing are operating a motorized vehicle

1.7 Terminology of Power screw

The terminology of the screw thread is as follows ;

Screw terminology
Fig. no.1.1
4
(i) pitch: the pitch is defined as the distance. Measured
parallel to the axis of the screw , from a point on one thread to
the corresponding point on the adjacent thread, it is denoted
by the latter p
(ii) Lead : The lead is defined as the distance ,measurement
parallel to the axis of the screw . that the nut will advance in
on revolution of the screw. It is denoted by latter l

for a

single threaded screw the lead is same as the pitch for a

double thread screw, the lead is twice that of the pitch, and so
on.

(iii) Nominal diameter: it is the largest diameter of the

screw. It is also called major diameter. It is denoted. Is by the
letter d
(iv) Core diameter: it is the smallest diameter of the screw
thread it is also called minor diameter. It is denoted by the
letters d
(v) Helix angle: it is the defined as the angle made by the
helix of the thread with a plane perpendicular to the axis of
the screw, helix angle is related to the lead and the mean
diameter of the screw it is called lead angle. It is denoted by
.a.
From the fig.
dc = d-[p/2+p/2]
or
dc = (d.p)
the mean diameter of the screw is denoted by d m and it is
given by
dm = [d+dc]
= [d+(d.p)]
Or
dm = d-0.5dp
1.8 TYPES
Jack or of mainly to types mechanical and hydraulic. They
very n size depending on the load that they are used to lift .
1.8.1 Mechanical jack
A mechanical is a device which lifts heavy equipment, the
mostly common from is a car jack . flore jack or garage jack

which lift vehicles so that maintenance can be performed. Car

jack usually use mechanical advantages to allow a human to
lift a vehicle by manual force alone more power full jack use
hydraulic power to provide more lift over greater distances.
Mechanical jacks are usually rated for maximum lifting
capacity, there are to type of mechanical jack.
1.1.8.1.1 Scissor jack
(i) scissor jack are also mechanical and have been in us at
least since the 1910s
(ii) A scissor jack is a devices constructed with a cross -hatch
mechanism much like a Scissor to lift up a vehicle for repair
or storage . it typically work in just a vertical Manner. The jack
open and fold closed. Applying pressure to the bottom support
along The crossed pattern to move the lift. When closed the
have diamond shape.
(iii) scissor jack a simple mechanisms use to drive large load
short distance. The power Screw design of a common scissor
jack reduces the amount of force required by the user To drive
the mechanisms of a common scissor jack are similar
design
screw.

consisting of four main

in

members driven by power

Construction
A jack has four main pieces metal and to bases
ends. The four metal pieces are all connected at the corners
with a bolt that allows the corners to swivel. A screw thread
run across this assembly and though the corners. As the
turned. The jack arms travel across it and collapse or come
together. Forming a straight line when closed. Then moving
back the other way, they raise and come together, when
opened. The four metal arms contract together coming at the
middle. Raising the jack, when closed, the arms spread back
apart and the jack closes or flattens out again.
Design of lift
A scissor jack use a simple theory of gears to
get its power. as the screw section is turned two ends of the
jack mover closer together. Because the gears of the screw
are pushing up the arms. The amount of the amount of the
force being applied is multiplied. It takes a very small amount
of force to turn the crank handle, yet that action causes the
brace arms to slide across and together, As this happens the
arms extend upward.

Fig,no. 1.2

1.8.1.2 Bottle (cylindrical) jack

Bottle screw may operate by either
(i) Rotating the screw when the nut is fixed; or
(ii) Rotating

the nut and preventing rotating of

the

screw,
Bottle jacks mainly consist of a screw, a nut, thrust bearing,
and a body. A stationary platform is attached to the top the
screw. This platform act as a support for the load and also
assist it in lifting or lowering of the load, these jack are
sturdier then the scissor then the scissor jack and can lift
heavier loads,

Fig. no. 1.3

1.8.3 Hydraulic jack

Hydraulic jacks are typically used for shop
work. Rather than as an emergency jack to be carried with
the vehicle, use of

jack not design for

a specific vehicle

requires more than the usual car in selecting ground condition,

the jacking point

on the vehicle , and to ensure

stability

when the jack is extended. Hydraulic jack are often used to lift
elevators in low and medium rise building.

Fig. no 1.4

1.9 DESIGN OF SCREW JACK

1.9.1 Load and Stresses in Screw
The load on the screw is the load which is to be
lifted W, twisting moment M, between the screw threads and
force F at the handle to rotate the screw, the load the load W
is compressive in nature and induces the compressive stress
in the screw. It may also lead the screw buckle.
The load F produces bending and it is maximum lift,
the screw also experiences twisting moment due to F, the
shear stress it also induced in the screw due to the twisting
moment between the threads of screw and nut

Fig. no 1.5

Step I Problem specification

It is required to design a screw jack for
supporting

the

machine

part

during

their

repair

and

maintenance. It should be a general purpose jack with a load

carrying capacity of

5KN and a maximum lifting height of

100mm. the jack is to be operated by means of a D.C motor.

Step II Selection of materials

(i) The frame of the screw jack has complex
shape. It is subjected to compressive stress grey cost iron is
selected as the material for the frame. Cast iron is cheap and
it can be given any complex shape without involving costly
machining operation. Cost iron has higher compressive
strength compared with steel. Therefore , it is technically and
economically advantageous to use cost iron for the frame.
(ii) The screw is subjected to torsional
moment, compressive

force and bending moment from

strength consideration, plain Carbon

steel is selected as

material for screw,

(iii) There is a relative motion between the
screw

and the nut. Which results in friction. The friction

causes wear at the

contacting surfaces. When the same

material is used for these two components, the surfaces of

both components get ..worn out, requiring replacement. This
is undesirable. The size and shape of the screw make it costly
compared with the nut. The material used for the nut is
stainless steel

Fig.no. 1.6

Step III Design of Screw

The screw jack is an intermittently used
devices

and

consideration.

wear

of

Therefore,

threads
instead

is
of

not

an
screw

important
trapezoidal

threads. The screw is provided with square threads. Square

threads have higher efficiency and provision can be made for
self locking arrangement. When the condition of

self-locking

is fulfilled. The load itself well not turn the screw and descend
down, unless an effort in the reveres direction is applied.
1.9.2 Thrust Bearings
Thrust ball bearings are to replace the sliding
force with rolling friction. The friction torque is so small, that
it can be neglected.
Thrust ball bearing is suitable for a purely
axial load. It is a single-direction thrust ball bearing. Because
it can support axial load in one direction only .i.e,. vertically
downward. this ball bearing should not be subjected to radial
load.

FIG.NO.1.7
1.9.3 Operational Consideration of a screw jack
(i) Maintain low surface contact pressure
Increasing the screw size and nut size
will reduce thread contact pressure for the same working load.
The higher the unit pressure and

the higher the surface

speed. The more repaid the wear will be.

(ii) Maintain low surface speed
increasing the screw head will reduce the
surface speed for the same linear speed.
(iii) Keep the mating surface will lubricated

The better the lubrication. The longer is

the services life. Grease fitting or other lubrication means
must be provided for the power screw and nut.

CHAPTER 2

MOTORIZED SCREW JACK

Our survey in the target in several automobile
garages, revealed the

fact that mostly some difficult were

adopted in lifting the vehicles for reconditioning.

Now the project has mainly concentrated on the
difficulty, and hence a suitable device has been designed,

such that the vehicle can be lifted from the floor land without
application of any impact force.
The fabrication part of it has been considered with
almost case for its simplicity and economy. Such that this can
be accommodated as on of the essential tool on automobile
garages.
2.1 Introduction
The motorized screw jack has been development
to cater to the needs small and medium automobile garages,
which are normally man powered with maximum skilled labor.
In most of the garages the vehicle are lifted by using screw
jack. This needs high man power and skilled labour.
In order to avoid all such disadvantage, the
motorized jack has been design in such as way that it can be
used to lifting the vehicle very smoothly, without any impact
force. The operation is made simple so that even unskilled
labour can use it with ease.
The d.c motor is coupled with the screw jack
by gear arrangement. The screw jack shaft rotation upon the
rotation of

d.c motor, this

is a simple type of automation

project .
Degrees of automation are of two type, viz.
(i) Full automation.
(ii) Semi automation
In semi automation a combination of
manual effort and mechanical power is required whereas in
full automation human participation is very negligible.
2.1.1 Parts of Motorized Screw jack
The main parts of the motorized screw jack are use
as follows:
2.1.1 D.c motor (permanent magnet)

Description of dc motor
An electrical motor is a machine which convert
electrical energy to mechanical energy. Its action is based on
the principal that when a current-carrying conductor is placed
in a magnetic field. It experiences a magnetic force

whose

direction is given by fleming. left hand rule.

When a motor is in operation, it develop
torque. This torque can produce mechanical rotation. DC
motors are also like generators classified into shunt wound or
series wound or compound wound motors.

DC MOTOR
Fig.no. 2.1

2.1.2 Batteries
in isolated system away from the grid.
Batteries are used for storage of excess solar energy which
can be converted in to electrical energy. In fact for small unit
with output less then one kilowatt . batteries seem to be only
technically and economically available storage means, since
both the photo- voltaic system and batteries are high in
capital costs it is necessary that the overall system be
optimized with respect to available energy and local demand
pattern.

Lead Acid battery

Fig.no.2.2

2.1.3 Screw jack

The screw jack used in the project is a i tone bottle
(cylindrical) jack . it mainly consist of the body . screw , nut
and thrust bearing. In this type of a jack, the nut remains
stationary while the screw rotate and helps in lifting or
lowering of the load
2.1.4 Spur gear
Spur gears are the most common type of
gears.They have straight teeth, and are mounted on parallel
shafts Spur gears are simple,

Transmitting power between

parallel axes, the teeth project radially on the disc . Spur gears
are regularly

used

for

speed

reduction

or

increase,

torque

multiplication, resolution and accuracy enhancement for positioning

systems. The teeth run parallel to the gear axis and can only
transfer motion between parallel-axis gear sets. Spur gears mate
only one tooth at a time, resulting in high stress on the mating teeth
and noisy operation

Fig.No.2.3
2.1.5 Chain drives
Chain drive is away of transmitting mechanical
power from one place to another. It is often use to convey
power to the wheel of a vehicle. Particularly bicycles and

motorcycles. It is also used in a wide variety of machines

besides vehicle.

Chain Drive
Fig. no.2.4
2.2 Working principal
The lead-acid battery is used to drive the d.c
motor. The d.c motor shaft is connected to the bevel gear. If
power is given to the D.C motor , it will run so that bevel gear
also runs to slow down the speed of the d.c motor .the screw
jack moves the screw upward, so that the vehicle lifts from
ground.
The vehicle is lifted by using the lifting platform at
the top of the screw jack. The motor draws power supply from
the battery supply to the motor.

Motorized screw jack

Fig.no 2.5

CHAPTER 03

DESIGN CALCULATION
3.1 KINEMATICS CALCULATION
Power requiredTotal weight (W) = 5KN
Total height to lift up weight = 100mm
= 0.1 m
Total time taken to lift = 2 minutes
=120 s
Power =

F d 5000 0.1
=
=4.166 watts
t
120

3.2 DESIGN OF SCREW JACK

3.2.1 Material30C8 (Plain carbon steel)

Syt = Syc = 400N/M

Considering,
Factor or safety (fs) = 5

c= Syc/fs = 400/5 = 80 N/mm2

Now .
19
Core diameter (dc)

w
d2
4

80 =

dc = 11.61 mm
since, there is also presence of compressive and bending
moments so fore safety nominal diameter (d) can be taken as
d = 22 mm
for d = 22 mm
pitch (p) = 5mm
then core diameter (dc) =d.p = 22.5 = 17mm
so helix angle ( ) .

Tan =
Tan =

h
dm
5
(d0.5 p)

= 4.233
Assuming friction coefficient ()
Tan = 0.15

= 8.53
3.2.2 Torque required to lift up the load (T)-

T=

w n tan ( + )
2
T = 5000

21.5 tan ( 8.53+4.233 ) /2

T = 114.434 N . mm =
11.443 Nm

16 T 16 114.343
=
=11.85 N /mm
d c 3
193

Now compressive stress (c)

c =
W
2
dc
4

114.343
=22.02 N /mm

2
17
4

Maximum shear stress (

max

max

),

1 2 2 1
c + = 22.0 22+ 11.8 52

4
4
max

= 16.17 N/mm2

3.2.4 Design of nut Bronze material is used for nut because due to
friction between nut and the screw . wear occurs in the
material . since the nut can

be easily removed so the nut

should be made of the softer material . this protects against

the wear of the screw .
Pb (bearing pressure) = 10
N/mm2
No of threads required to support (z)

Z =
4W
4 5000
=
2
2
s b ( d d c ) 10(222172 )

Z = 3.26 4
A axial height of the nut (H) = Z.P = 4 5

H = 20mm

Thickness of the screw (t) =

p 5
= =2.5 mm
2 2

Transverse shear stress induced in the nut .

n=
n
Outer

W
5000
=
d t z 2 22 2.5 4
= 7.234 N/mm2

diameter of nut is assumed to be the twice the

nominal diameter of the thread

3.3 ACTUAL POWER CALCULATION :The design of the screw jack is

completed . Here we get

the torque to lift up the load on

considering friction . Hence now we can find actual power

required to lift up the load therefore,
T = 3608.206
Nmm
Power required =

2 NT 2 10 3.608
=
60
60

Total height to be lift = 10 cm = 100mm

Pitch (p) = 5mm i.e distance between the
adjacent thread
Axial distance covered 5mm in one pitch so in
100mm . screw jack moved by 20 pitches.
Let us consider in one revolution of gear the
screw jack lift up the load upto 5mm in vertical.
So in lifting the load upto 100mm , the gear will
complete

20revolution

revolution per minute = 10rpm

N = 10rpm

Without considering friction,

hence

no

of

Torque

obtained =

N . d m , tan 5000 19.5 tan 4.2333

=
2
2

P = 4.166 watts
On considering friction ,
Torque obtained = 11434.21 Nmm = 11.434 Nm
Power required =

2 NT 2 10 11.343
=
2
60

P=
11.97 watts
Since .

in the gear arrangement

. friction will produce

between the gear and the pinion therefore . on considering

friction in gear arrangement the power required is taken

P=
40 watts

CHAPTER . 4

Modification in project
Total height of screw jack = 23
The minimum distance between the chasis and
the ground of the maruti 800 = 15.17cm
There are modification the reduce the height and with of the
project screw jack :(i) reducing the height of screw road
Firstly disassemble the nut and the loading plate
from the screw rod and then making the thread
remaining parts of screw

in the

rod to a particular length and

remove the upar part by same length.

The length of the part on the rod to be threaded
= 5.4
Remove the upper part of rod by 5.4cm length .
hance
23cm - 5.4cm = 17.6cm

Screw rod
Fig .no.4.1

24
(ii)

Reducing the supporting plate height :=The supporting plate will be welded in bottom

most part of the supporting structure . the

height of the rod

of the supporting structure is approximately 1cm . therefore ,

the further height can

be reduced = 17.6cm- 1cm = 16.6cm

A cross plate of the same thickness will be

welded

on

the

supporting

structure

with

supporting plate to distribute the load of the body through the

screw jack
(iii)

Reducing the width of the supporting structure :Width of the supporting structure = 20cm
Width can be reduced upto 3cm from both sides .

therefore the reduced width of the

supporting structure = 20cm-6cm = 14cm

25

CON
CLUSION:Screw jack are the ideal product to push,
lift . lower and position

loads of anything from a couple of

kilograms to hundreds of tons. The loads has long existed for

an improved portable jack for automotive vehicle.
It is highly desirable that a jack become
available that can be operated alternative from inside the
vehicle or from a location of

safety off roads on which the

vehicle is located.
Such a jack should desirable be light enough
and be compact enough and be so that it can be stored in an

automobile trunk, can be lifted up and carried by most abults

to its position of use and yet be capable of lifting a wheel of a
4,000 5,000 pound vehicle of the ground future. It should be
stable be stable and easily controllable by a switch so that
jacking can be from a position of safety .
It should be easily movable either to a
position underneath the axle of the vehicle or
reinforced support

surface designed to be

some other

engaged by a

jack.

26

BIBLI
OGRAPHY
1. Design of machine elements by V.B. Bhandari

2. A text book of Machine design by R.S. Khurmi.

J.K. Gupta
3. http://en.wikipedie.org/wiki/jack
4. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112106137/
5. http://www.scribd.com/doc/38577261/screwjack-Design