UNIT I

INTRODUCTION TO SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

PART A (2 MARKS)
1. Define even and odd signals.
2. State the disadvantages of digital signal processing over analog process.
3. Check whether the following system is time-variant y(n)=nx2(n).
4. What are the different types of signal representation?
5. Define DFT pair.
6. Define the following (a) System (b) Discrete-time system
7. List the merits and demerits of DSP:
8. When discrete time signals called as periodic signals?
9. Write properties of convolution.
10. What is static and dynamic system?
11. What are the classification of discrete-time systems?
12. What is linear and non-linear system?
13. State sampling theorem.
14. What is an anti-aliasing filter?
15. What is aliasing effect?
16. What is a Causal system?
17. What is SISO system and MIMO system?
18. Define a Stable System.
19. What is an LTI system?
20. What is a Shift invariant (or) Time-invariant system?
21. Define Quantization.

PART B
1. Explain in detail about the classification of discrete time systems. (16)
2. (a) Describe the different types of discrete time signal representation. (6)
(b) Define energy and power signals. Determine whether a discrete time unit
step
signal x(n) = u(n) is an energy signal or a power signal. (10)
3. (a) Give the various representation of the given discrete time signal
x(n) = {-1,2,1,-2,3} in Graphical, Tabular, Sequence, Functional and Shifted
functional. (10)

(b) Give the classification of signals and explain it. (6)

4. (a) Draw and explain the following sequences:
i) Unit sample sequence
ii) Unit step sequence
iii) Unit ramp sequence
iv) Sinusoidal sequence and
v) Real exponential sequence (10)
(b) Determine if the system described by the following equations are causal
or noncausal
i) y(n) = x(n) + (1 / (x(n-1)) ii) y(n) = x(n2) (6)
5. Determine the values of power and energy of the following signals. Find
whether the
signals are power, energy or neither energy nor power signals.
i) x(n) = (1/3)n u(n) ii) x(n) = ej((/2)n + (/4)
iii) x(n) = sin (/4)n iv) x(n) = e2n u(n) (16)
6. (a) Determine if the following systems are time-invariant or time-variant
i) y(n) = x(n) + x(n-1) ii) y(n) = x(-n) (4)
(b) Determine if the system described by the following input-output
equations are
linear or non-linear.
i) y(n) = x(n) + (1 / (x(n-1)) ii) y(n) = x2(n) iii) y(n) = nx(n) (12)

7. Test if the following systems are stable or not.

i) y(n) = cos x(n) ii) y(n) = ax(n)
iii) y(n) = x(n) en iv) y(n) = ax(n) (16)
8. (a) Determine the stability of the system y(n) (5/2)y(n-1) + y(n-2) = x(n)
x(n-1) (8)
(b) Briefly explain about quantization. (8)
9. (a) Explain the principle of operation of analog to digital conversion with a
neat
diagram. (8)
(b) Explain the significance of Nyquist rate and aliasing during the sampling
of
continuous time signals. (8)
10. (a) List the merits and demerits of Digital signal processing. (8)
(b) Write short notes about the applications of DSP. (8)

UNIT II
DISCRETE TIME SYSTEM ANALYSIS
PART A (2 MARKS)
1. Define Z-transform.

2. What is meant by Region of convergence?

3. What are the properties of ROC?
4. List the properties of z-transform.
5. Explain the linear property of z-transform.
6. Explain the time-shifting property of z-transform.
7. What are the different methods of evaluating inverse z-transform?
8. What are the properties of frequency response H(ei) of an LTI system?
9. What is the necessary and sufficient condition on the impulse response of
stability?
10. Distinguish between Linear convolution and circular convolution.
11. How will you obtain linear convolution from circular convolution?
12. What is meant by sectioned convolution?

13.
14.
15.
16.

What are the two methods used for te sectional convolution?

Distinguish between Overlap add and Overlap save method.
Distinguish between DFT and DTFT.
Distinguish between Fourier series and Fourier transform.

PART B
1. (a) Obtain the transfer function and impulse response of the LTI system
defined by
y(n-2)+5y(n-1)+6y(n)+x(n) (8)
(b) State and prove convolution property of discrete time fourier transform.
(8)
2. (a) State and prove any tow properties of z-transform. (8)
(b) Find the z-transform and ROC of the causal sequence. (4)
X(n) = {1,0,3,-1,2}
(c) Find the z-transform and ROC of the anticausal sequence (4)
X(n) = {-3,-2,-1,0,1}
3. (a) Determine the z-transform and ROC of the signal i) x(n) = anu(n) and
ii) x(n) = -bnu(-n-1) (12)
(b) Find the stability of the system whose impulse response h(n) = (2)nu(n)
(4)
4. (a) Determine the z-transform of x(n) = cos n u(n) (6)
(b) State and prove the following properties of z-transform. (10)
i) Time shifting
ii) Time reversal
iii) Differentiation
iv) Scaling in z-domain
5. (a) Determine the inverse z-transform of x(z) = (1+3z-1) / (1+3z-1+2z-2) for
z >2 (8)

(b) Compute the response of the system y(n) = 0.7y(n-1)-0.12y(n-2)+x(n1)+x(n-2) to

input x(n) = nu(n).Is the system is stable (8)

6. Find the inverse z-transform of x(z) = (z2+z) / (z-1)(z-3), ROC: z > 3. Using
(i) Partial
fraction method, (ii) Residue method and (iii) Convolution method. (16)
7. (a) Determine the unit step response of the system whose difference
equation is
y(n)-0.7y(n-1)+0.12y(n-2) = x(n-1)+x(n-2) if y(-1) = y(-2) = 1. (8)
(b) Find the input x(n) of the system, if the impulse response h(n) and the
output y(n)
as shown below. (8)
h(n) = {1,2,3,2} y(n) = {1,3,7,10,10,7,2}
8. (a) Determine the convolution sum of two sequences x(n) = {3,2,1,2},
h(n) = {1,2,1,2}
(8)
(b) Find the convolution of the signals
x(n) = 1 n = -2,0,1
= 2 n = -1
= 0 elsewhere
h(n) = (n)-(n-1)+ (n-2)- (n-3) (8)
9. (a) Determine the output response y(n) if h(n) = {1,1,1,1}; x(n) =
{1,2,3,1} by using
i) Linear convolution ii) Circular convolution and iii) Circular convolution with
zero
padding. (12)
(b) Explain any twp properties of Discrete Fourier Transform. (4)
10. Using linear convolution find y(n) = x(n)*h(n) for the sequences x(n) =
(1,2,-1,2,3,-2,
-3,-1,1,1,2,-1) and h(n) = (1,2).Compare the result by solving the problem
using
i) Over-lap save method and ii) Overlap add method. (16)
11. For the sequences given below, find the frequency response, plot
magnitude
response, phase response and comment. (16)
i) x(n) = 1 for n = -2,-1,0,1,2
= 0 otherwise
ii) x(n) = 1 for n = 0,1,2,3,4
= 0 otherwise

12. (a) Calculate the frequency response for the LTI systems representation
i) h(n) = [1/n]n u(n) ii) h(n) = (n) (n-1) (8)
(b) Find the frequency response of the system having impulse response
h(n) = [1/2] { (1/2)n + (-1/4)n } u(n) (8)
13. Determine the frequency response (H(ej)) for the system and plot
magnitude
response and phase response. y(n)+[1/4]y(n-1) = x(n)-x(n-1) (16)
14. (a) A discrete time system has a unit sample response h(n) given by
h(n) = [1/2] (n) + (n-1) + [1/2] (n-2). Find the system frequency response
H(ej);
Plot magnitude and Phase response. (12)
(b) Explain any two properties of Discrete Fourier Series. (4)

UNIT III
DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM AND COMPUTATION
1. Why FFT is needed?

PART A (2 MARKS)

2. What is the main advantage of FFT?

3. What is FFT?
4, What is meant by Radix-2 FFT?
5. What is decimation-in-time algorithm?
6. What is decimation in frequency algorithm?
7. What are the differences and similarities between DIF and DIT algorithm?
8. What is the basic operation of DIT algorithm?
9. What is the basic operation of DIF algorithm?
10. What are the applications of FFT algorithms?
11. Draw the flow graph of a two point DFT for a decimation-in-time
decomposition.
12. Draw the flow graph of a two point radix-2 DIF FFT.
13. Draw the basic butterfly diagram for DIT algorithm.
14. Draw the basic butterfly diagram for DIF algorithm.

PART B
1. Describe the decimation in time [DIT] radix-2 FFT algorithm to determine
N-point
DFT. (16)
2. An 8-point discrete time sequence is given by x(n) = {2,2,2,2,1,1,1,1}.
Compute the
8-point DFT of x(n) using radix-2 FFT algorithm. (16)

3. (a) Compute the 4-point DFT and FFT-DIT for the sequence x(n) =
{1,1,1,3} and
What are the basic steps for 8-point FFT-DIT algorithm computation? (12)
(b) What is the advantage of radix-2 FFT algorithm in comparison with the
classical
DFT method? (4)
4. (a) Perform circular convolution of the two sequences graphically x1(n) =
{2,1,2,1}
and x2(n) = {1,2,3,4} (6)
(b) Find the DFT of a sequence by x(n) = {1,2,3,4,4,3,21} using DIT
algorithm. (10)
5. (a) Explain the decimation in frequency radix-2 FFT algorithm for
evaluating N-point
DFT of the given sequence. Draw the signal flow graph for N=8. (12)
(b) Find the IDFT of y(k = {1,0,1,0} (4)
6. (a) Find the circular convolution of the sequences x1(n)= {1,2,3} and x2(n)
= {4,3,6,1}
(8)
(b) Write the properties of DFT and explain. (8)
7. (a) Draw the 8-point flow diagram of radix-2 DIF-FFT algorithm. (8)
(b) Find the DFT of the sequence x(n) = {2,3,4,5} using the above algorithm.
(8)
8. (a) What are the differences and similarities between DIT and DIF FFT
algorithms?
(6)
(b) Compute the 8-point IDFT of the sequence x(k) = {7, -0.707-j0.707, -j,
0.707-j0.707, 1, 0.707+j0.707, j, -0.707+j0.707} using DIT algorithm. (10)
9. (a) Compute the 8-point DFT of the sequence x(n) =
{0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5,0,0,0,0} using
radix-2 DIT algorithm. (8)
(b) Find the IDFT of the sequence x(k) = {4,1-j2.414,0,1j0.414,0,1+j.414,0,1+j2.414}
using DIF algorithm. (8)

10. Compute the 8-point DFT of the sequence

x(n) = 1, 0 n 7
0, otherwise by using DIT,DIF algorithms. (16)

UNIT IV
DESIGN OF DIGITAL FILTERS
PART A (2 MARKS)
1. What is FIR Filter?

2. Write the procedure for designing FIR filters

3. Write the characteristics of FIR filter.
4. What are the design techniques available for the designing FIR filter?
5. What are the demerits of FIR filter?
6. What are the possible types of impulse response for linear phase FIR
filters?
7. What is GIBBS phenomenon?
8. Write the desirable characteristics of frequency response of window
functions.
9. Write the characteristics features of rectangular window.
10. List merits and demerits of rectangular window.
11. List the features of Kaiser Window.
12. What do you understand by linear phase response?
13. What are the two types of filter based on the impulse response?
14. What are the advantages of Kaiser Window?
15. What is the principle of designing FIR filter using frequency sampling
method?
16. What are the properties of FIR filter?
17. What is the need for employing window technique for FIR filter design?
(Or)
What is window and why it is necessary?
18. What is the necessary and sufficient condition for linear phase
characteristic in FIR
filter?

19. Define IIR filter.

20. What are the methods available for designing analog IIR filter?
21. What are the methods available for designing analog IIR filter?
22. Mention the importance of IIR filter:
23. Mention the two properties of Butterworth low pass filter.
24. Write the properties of chebyshev type-I filter:
25. What is aliasing? Why it is absent in bilinear transformation ?
26. How one can design digital filter from analog filter ?
27. What is bilinear transformation?
28. What is warping effect?
29. Write merits and demerits of bilinear transformation.
30. What is the main advantage of direct-form II realization when compared
to directform I realization?
31. What is the main disadvantage of direct-form realization?
32. What is the advantage of cascade realization?
33. Distinguish IIR and FIR.
34. Compare analog and digital filter.
35. Compare Butterworth and Chebyshev Filter:
36. Compare impulse invariant and bilinear technique

37. What are the different types of structures for realization of IIR systems?
38. Write a short note on prewarping.

PART B
1. Describe the impulse invariance and bilinear transformation methods used
for
designing digital IIR filters. (16)
2. (a) Obtain the cascade and parallel realization of the system described by
y(n) = -0.1y(n-1)+0.2y(n-2)+3x(n)+3.6x(n-1)+0.6x(n-2) (10)
(b) Discuss about any three window functions used in the design of FIR
filters. (6)

3. Determine the direct form II and parallel form realization for the following
system.
y(n) = -0.1y(n-1)+0.72y(n-2)+0.7x(n)-0.252x(n-2) (16)
4. An analog filter has a transfer function H(s) = (10 / s2+7s+10). Design a
digital filter
equivalent to this impulse invariant method. (16)
5. For the given specifications design an analog Butterworth filter,
0.9 H(j) 1 for 0 0.2
H(j) 0.2 for 0.4 (16)
6. Design a digital Butterworth filter satisfying the constraints
0.707 H(ej) 1 for 0 /2
H(ej) 0.2 for 3
With T = 1 sec using Bilinear transformation. (16)
7. Design a chebyshev filter for the following specification using impulse
invariance
method. 0.8 H(ej) 1 for 0 0.2
H(ej) 0.2 for 0.6 (16)
8. (a) Write the expressions for the Hamming, Hanning, Bartlett and Kaiser
windows.(6)
(b) Explain the design of FIR filters using windows. (10)
9. Design an ideal high pass filter with
Hd(ej) = 1 for /4
= 0 for /4
Using Hanning window for N=11. (16)
10. Design an ideal high pass filter with
Hd(ej) = 1 for /4
= 0 for /4
Using Hamming window for N=11. (16)

11. Using a rectangular window technique design a lowpass filter with pass
band gain of
unity, cutoff frequency of 1000 Hz and working at a sampling frequency of
5kHZ. The
length of the impulse response should be 7. (16)
12. Design an ideal Hilbert transformer having frequency response
H(ej) = j for - 0
= -j for 0
Using blackman window for N=11.Plot the frequency response. (16)

UNIT V
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR
PART A (2 MARKS)
1. What are the classifications of digital signal processors?
2. What are the factors that influence the selection of DSPs?
3. What are the applications of PDSPs?
4. Mention the different addressing modes in TMS320C54x processor.
5. What is meant by pipelining?
6. Give the digital signal processing application with the TMS 320 family.
7. What are the desirable features of DSP Processors?
8. What are the different types of DSP Architecture?
9. State the features of TMS3205C5x series of DSP processors.
10. Define Parallel logic unit?
11. Define scaling shifter?
12. Define ARAU in TMS320C5X processor?
13. What are the Interrupts available in TMS320C5X processors?
14. What are the three quantization errors due to finite word length registers
in digital
filters?

15. What do you understand by input quantization error?

16. What is co-efficient quantization error?
17. What is product quantization error? (or) What is product round-off error in
DSP?
18. What are the different methods of quantization?
19. Define Truncation and Rounding.

20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.

What is the effect of quantization on pole locations?

Which realization is less sensitive to the process of quantization?
What is meant by quantization step size?
What are the two kinds of limit cycle behavior in DSP?
Define Dead band of the filter.
Explain briefly the need for scaling in the digital filter implementation.
Why rounding is preferred to truncation in realizing digital filter?

PART B
1. Describe in detail the architectural aspects of TMS320C54 digital signal
processor
using an illustrative block diagram. (16)
2. Explain the various addressing modes and salient features of
TMS320C54X. (16)
3. (a) Describe the function of on-chip peripherals of TMS320C54 processor.
(12)
(b) What are the different buses of TMS320C54 and their functions? (4)
4. Describe the errors introduced by quantization. Explain the impact of
quantization
of filter coefficients on the location of poles. (16)
5. Write a brief note on:
i) Input quantization (8)
ii) Limit cycles (8)
6. Discuss in detail the various quantization effects in the design of digital
filters. (16)
7. Find the effect of co-efficient quantization on pole locations of the given
second
order IIR system, when it is realized in direct form I and in cascade form.
Assume a
word length of 4 bits through truncation. (16)
H(z) = 1 / (1 0.9 z-1 + 0.2 z-1)