Advance Chemistry Weekly Assignment

Muhammad Fauzan
1506789146

Civil Engineering Department

International Program

Universitas Indonesia
2016

Summary of chapter 3
Various deterioration factors are decisive for individual types of
materials
The degradation of materials are mostly caused by pollution
A lot of materials that are exposed to atmospheric environments are
sensitive to the impact of sulphurous, chloride, and acid substances.
The corrosion rate of materials that used is commonly affected by
the concentration of pollution in the air.
Corrosivity categories is related into the system that called as
corrosion system
Basically, this system involves:
metal material (materials);
atmospheric environment
technical parameters
conditions of operation.
The methods of derivation and direct determination of corrosion
rates are time consuming
There are two methods that used to measure the corrosion rate, by
direct one-year corrosion test or calculated from the environmental
data that are adequately available at present using deterioration
equations that commonly known as dose/response(D/R) functions.
In the 1990s, ISO standards that define corrosivity classification
system and procedures of its derivation and guiding corrosion
values were intoduced
The standards for corrosivity classification were elaborated within
the ISO/TC 156/WG 4 Atmospheric corrosion testing and
classification of corrosivity of atmosphere standards
There are environmental parameters that used to classify corrosivity
categories: time of wetness (TOW), sulfur compounds based on
sulfur dioxide (SO2) and airborne salinity contamination (Cl). For

these parameters classification categories are defined as (TOW), P

(SO2) and S (Cl),
TOW is estimated from temperaturehumidity (T-RH) complex as
time when relative humidity is greater than 80% at a T-value greater
than 0C.
Adjustment of atmospheric corrosivity classification systems is listed
in ISO/TC 156/WG 4 Corrosion of metals and alloys Atmospheric
corrosion testing and atmospheric corrosivity classification
the classification of corrosivity of indoor atmospheres refers to
several standards :
ISO 11844 Part 1: Corrosion of metals and alloys Classification
of lowcorrosivity of indoor atmospheres Determination and

estimation of indoor corrosivity,

ISO 11844 Part 2: Corrosion of metals and alloys Classification
of low corrosivity of indoor atmospheres Determination of

corrosion attack in indoor atmospheres,

ISO 11844 Part 3: Corrosion of metals and alloys Classification
of low corrosivity of indoor atmospheres Measurement of

environmental parameters affecting indoor corrosivity.

The new standards are based on the results from systematic
investigations of parameters affecting corrosion performed both in
climate chambers and extensive
Several characteristics of indoor atmospheric environments that
related to corrosion of metals are represented by the following:
Temperature, humidity and their changes cannot be derived
directly from outdoor conditions. They depend on the purpose
of use of an indoor space in unconditioned atmospheric
environments.

Transfer of outdoor pollution depends on the manner and

degree of shelteredness or on controlled conditions in indoor

atmospheric environment (filtration, conditioning).

Successive accumulation of particles and increasing
conductivity of deposited water extracts can change

corrosivity for longer indoor exposures.

The estimation of degree of stress caused by pollution and other
factors are based on the knowledge of main climatic characteristics
and level of pollution
During the estimation, a description of an environment is compared
to the standard environment;
Estimating the outdoor corrosion is easier that estimating the indoor
corrosion
Measuring process of corrosion rate should involve at least one
month of each typical climatic season.
The approach to the proposal of monitoring effects of atmospheric
environment is based on the provisions of standards ISO 92239226
and ISO 11844
Corrosion effects caused in outdoor environments are bigger than
the effects caused in indoor environments.
The determining method of quantitative corrosion changes on
standard metal specimens is very expensive, demanding on time
and equipment, and is used in special cases only.
The determination of corrosion attack by cathodic reduction of on
copper or silver is also not used normally
The following aspects are evaluated during the determination of
corrosion attack by cathodic reduction:
general character of changes caused;
character of a layer of deposits on a sample surface and

thickness of the layer;

corrosion attack caused by gaseous pollutants;

character of a sample surface after a layer of deposits is

removed.