01situation in Austria and Europe-2013

Curso Doctorado
Waste Management in Austria
September 2013
Ingenieria y Control de
Residuos Slidos
Institute of Waste Management
Marion Huber-Humer
Gudrun Obersteiner
Peter Beigl
Erwin Binner
Katharina Bhm
Robert Glanz
Marlies Hrad
Gnther Kraus
Sandra Lebersorger
Peter Lechner
Sabine Lenz
Roland Linzner
Peter Mostbauer
Florian Part
Andreas Pertl
Stefan Salhofer
Silvia Scherhaufer
Elisabeth Schmied
Felicitas Schneider
Thomas Ebner
Reinhold Ottner
Julia Nowotny
Zorica Stamenkovic
Erwin Binner MSc.

1
BOKUBOKU-University / Vienna
of Waste Management
Erwin Binner
Institute
Mathias Stiedl
David Wiederschwinger
Julia Zeilinger
Lima 2013
Outlook
09.09.13 17:00-21:00
10.09.13 17:00-21:00
11.09.13 17:00-21:00
12.09.13 17:00-21:00
13.09.13 17:00-21:00
14.09.13 09:00-13:00
Erwin Binner
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

Waste Management Concepts
(prevention, cleaner production, collection
systems, recycling, pretreatment)
Incineration (MWSI) and Composting
Mechanical Biological Pre-Treatment
(MBT)
Landfill Design and Operation
(landfill types, limit values, treatment of
emissions from landfills),
Landfill Remidiation
Analysis of Wastes
Lima 2013
page 1
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Waste Management in
Austria
Marion Huber-Humer
Gudrun Obersteiner
Peter Beigl
Erwin Binner
Katharina Bhm
Robert Glanz
Marlies Hrad
Gnther Kraus
Sandra Lebersorger
Peter Lechner
Sabine Lenz
Roland Linzner
Peter Mostbauer
Florian Part
Andreas Pertl
Stefan Salhofer
Silvia Scherhaufer
Elisabeth Schmied
Felicitas Schneider
Thomas Ebner
Reinhold Ottner
Julia Nowotny
Zorica Stamenkovic
Erwin Binner MSc.

3
Mathias Stiedl
David Wiederschwinger
Julia Zeilinger
BOKUBOKU-University / Vienna
of Waste Management
Erwin Binner
Institute
Lima 2013
Outlook
About People and Country and BOKU
University
Development of Waste Management
Waste Collection
Waste Disposal
Organisation of Waste Management
Legal Situation in Austria
Waste Generation in Austria and Peru

4
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Lima 2013
page 2
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
AUSTRIA
Vienna
Austria
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Federal Republic of Austria

17 east
49 north
9 federal provinces
~ 8.1 mio. inhabitants
9 east
capital: Vienna
~ 1.8 mio. inhabitants
46 north
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
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Curso Doctorado
September 2013
area: 82.700 km2

60 % are covered by the alps (mountains)
(highest mountain Groglockner
3.797 m)
41 % forest
36 % agricultural land
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
climate:
precipitation:
< 600 mm/a to > 2,000 mm/a

average = 1,190 mm/a
temperatures: extremes - 25 C to + 36 C
average = - 3 C to + 22 C
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 4
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Mountains
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Lima 2013

Virgin Forest Rothwald
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Lima 2013
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Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Spring
12
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Lima 2013

Spring
13
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Lima 2013
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Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Spring
14
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Lima 2013

Summer
15
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Lima 2013
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Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Summer
16
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Summer
17
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Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Summer
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Autumn
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Lima 2013
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Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Autumn
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Lima 2013

Winter
21
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Lima 2013
page 10
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Winter
22
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Lima 2013

Winter
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Lima 2013
page 11
Curso Doctorado
24
September 2013
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
University of Natural
Resources and Life
Sciences, Vienna
Peter Lechner
Marion Huber-Humer
Gudrun Obersteiner
Universdad de Recursos
Naturales y Ciencias de la Vida
! no oficial !
Rupert Angermeier
Peter Beigl
Erwin Binner
Oliver Gamperling
Sandra Lebersorger
Sabine Lenz
Roland Linzner
Katharina Meissl
Peter Mostbauer
Andreas Pertl
Stefan Salhofer
Silvia Scherhaufer
Elisabeth Schmied
Felicitas Schneider
Ena Smidt
Johannes Tintner
Thomas Ebner
Reinhold Ottner
Julia Nowotny
Zorica Stamenkovic
Lukas Egle
Andreas Schuh
Theresa Rossboth
25
Erwin Institute
Binner
of Waste Management
Lima 2013
page 12
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
BOKU-University of Natural Resources

and Life Sciences, Vienna
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Lima 2013
26
BOKU-University of Natural Resources

and Life Sciences, Vienna
founded in 1872
27
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Lima 2013
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page 13
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
BOKU-University
Universitt fr Bodenkultur
BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life
Sciences
Universdad de Recursos Naturales y
Ciencias de la Vida
! no oficial !
2011:
28
founded 1872
~11,000 students (18 % from abroad)
1200 scientists (+470 other staff)
15 departments
40 institutes
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
BOKU-University
(http://www.boku.ac.at/706.html?&L=0)
9 Bachelor and 25 Master programs (7 in English)

Agricultural Sciences (Agrarwissenschaften)
Environment & Bio-Resources Management
(Umwelt- und Bioresourcenmanagement)
Environmental Engineering (Kulturtechnik und Wasserwirtschaft)

Food Science & Biotechnology
(Lebensmittel- und Biotechnologie)
Forestry (Forstwirtschaft)
Landscape Architecture & Landscape Planning
(Landschaftsplanung und Landschaftsgestaltung)
Viticulture, Enology & Wine Economics (Weinbau)

Wood & Fibre Technology (Holz- und Naturfasertechnologie)
Equine Sciences (Pferdewissenschaften)
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Lima 2013
page 14
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
BOKU-University
(http://www.boku.ac.at/707.html?&L=1&L=0)
9 Bachelor and 25 Master programs (8 in English)
Animal Science (Tierzucht)

Organic Farming (Biolandbau)
Environmental Engineering (Kulturtechnik und Wasserwirtschaft)
Land Management and Civil Engineering
(Landmanagement, Infrastruktur, Bautechnik)
Water Management (Wasserwirtschaft und Umwelt)

Wildlife Ecology and Wildlife Management
(Wildtierkologie und Wildtiermanagement)
Phytomedizin (Phytomedizin)
Safety in the Food Chain
Mountain Forestry
Mountain Risk Engineering
Erwin Binner
30
Lima 2013
BOKU-University
rectorate
rector: Martin Gerzabek
3 vice-rectors:
research
personnel and legal affairs
resources
links:
for education:
http://www.boku.ac.at/lehre.html?&L=1
for international relations:
http://www.boku.ac.at/zib.html?&L=0&L=1
for service:
http://www.boku.ac.at/service.html
information about departments:
http://www.boku.ac.at/departments.html
31
Erwin Binner
ZIB
Lima 2013
page 15
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
BOKU-University
Department for Water, Atmosphere and Environment
7 institutes working in the fields of:
meteorology
hydraulics and rural water management

water management, hydrology and hydraulic engineering
sanitary engineering and water pollution control
hydrobiology and aquatic ecosystem management
safety and risk sciences
waste management, including planning, disposal technology
and disposal logistics
32
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Lima 2013

Team ABF
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Lima 2013
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Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Research Groups
Institute of Waste
Management
Waste
Prevention
and Waste
Logistics
Final Storage
and
Emissions
Mitigation
Biological Treatment
and
Carbon Sequestration
Research
Laboratory
34
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

Major Research Topics
optimising the classical methods in Waste Management,
especially in the fields of bio-waste composting,
biological waste treatment and landfilling of wastes
effects of waste management systems to the climate
landfill behaviour of organic substances
analysis and investigation of landfilled waste
(monitoring of abandoned sites, measurement of
gaseous emissions)
long-term behaviour of incineration residues at the
landfill
35
minimisation of emissions (CH4, CO2) from landfills

(pre-treatment of waste, methane oxidation, landfill
remidiation, landfill recultivation)
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 17
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Major Research Topics
development of analytical tools
(reactivity of wastes, quality of compost)
development of humic compounds during composting
of separate collected biowastes
waste management in economically developing

countries
life cycle assessment
eco design
optimisation of collection systems
waste prevention
recycling of secondary materials
36
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Waste Management in
Austria
Erwin Binner, MSc.

BOKU - University Vienna
Department for Water, Atmosphere and Environment
page 18
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Development of
Waste
Management
in Austria
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Lima 2013
Solid Waste Collection

a disordered waste-situation leads to hygienic
problems
in the 19th century in Europe the connection

between hygiene, diseases and mortality
was discovered
1st step
organisation of waste collection
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Lima 2013
page 19
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Waste Collection
Development in Austria
at the beginning, collected waste was brought
out of town and used in agriculture
traditional waste collection by farmers

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Lima 2013
Waste Collection
Vehicles in the 1920ies
collected waste was dumped (waste disposal)
95 years ago the first
waste bins (System Colonia)

were introduced in Vienna in 1913
43
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Lima 2013
page 20
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Waste Collection
System Colonia in the 1930ies
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Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
source: Frybert, 1993
Waste Collection
Vehicles in the 1930ies
87 years ago in
Linz (1921)
source:
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Lima 2013
page 21
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Waste Collection
Vehicles today Peru 2006
46
Erwin Binner
photo: Erwin Binner
Waste Collection
Vehicles today
Lima 2013
collection of
residual waste
(for 240 l bin)
source: MUT, 2006
47
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 22
Curso Doctorado
Waste Collection
Vehicles today
separate collection of
(1,100 l bins)
Erwin Binner
48 glass
September 2013
collection of
residual waste in
240 l bins
(centre of Vienna)
Lima 2013
photo: Leonor Mendez, 2008
Waste Collection
Vehicles today separate collection of glass
49
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 23
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Waste Collection
Vehicles today
50
collection of
residual waste (for
1,100 l bin)
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Waste Collection in Austria

Separate Collection (Definitions)
Municipal Solid Waste collection centers
(MSW)
hazardous
household wastes
treatment
bulky wastes
electronic wastes
recycling
biowaste
treatment
landfill
51
residual waste
Erwin Binner
glass
paper
co
mp
os
ti
plastics metals
recycling banks
ng
Lima 2013
page 24
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Solid Waste Disposal

an inadequate waste-disposal leads to pollution
of environment
in the 1970ies in Austria the connection

between uncontrolled dumps and
pollution of ground water was recognised
2nd step
organisation of solid waste disposal
52
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Lima 2013

Problems
Solid Wastes use of resources and loss in
value
Solid Wastes influence on climate
Solid Wastes contamination
53
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Lima 2013
page 25
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Output-Related Environmental Impacts Overview

global
continental/
regional
human toxicity
ecotoxicity
acidification
nutrient enrichment
photochemical ozone
formation (photochemical
smog, regional)
54
global warming
stratospheric ozone
depletion
local
odour
noise
victims (of accidents)
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Global Warming
Reactor Landfill (for Untreated Wastes)
~ 90 % of carbon
greenhousegas
CH4 = 21- 35 x CO2
3rd largest
source
Waste
Leachate
--
SO4 H S, HS
~ 10% of carbon
anaerob abbaubarer org. Stoff
NO N
many other pollutants
(heavy metals, chemicals,
HS SO4
organic compounds, )
2
Fe
55
++
Fe
+++
(fllt aus)
Erwin Binner
--
Rautenweg landfill
2013
Vienna,Lima
2002
page 26
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Emissions from Landfills
MSW-landfills / reactor landfill (50 sites in
Austria)
active gas collection

efficiency factor 40 - 60 %
old dumps have no gas collection system
global 40 - 60 Mio t CH4/year are set
free
landfills are third largest source of
methane emission !!
56
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

Emissions from Landfills
MSW-landfills / reactor landfill (50 sites in
Austria)
active gas collection

efficiency factor 40 - 60 %
old dumps have no gas collection system
~ 180.000 t CH4/year from landfills an old dumps in Austria
(UBA, 1997)
that is ~ 30 % of CH4- emissions in Austria

CH4 has 25-times higher green house gas effect as CO2
=> 3,5 Mio t CO2 / year
Kyoto Goal: decrease of 10 Mio t CO2 until 2010

(13% reduction)
35 % of Kyoto Goal
57
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 27
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Climate Change
Global Warming, Greenhouse Effect
sun
longwave
infrared
radiation
atmosphere
shortwave
solar radiation
longwave
solar radiation
earths surface
www.welthungerhilfe.de
the increase of the absorbed part of the energy which is

reflected to the earths surface, leads to a warming of the
atmosphere.
58
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

Problems
Solid Wastes use of resources and loss in
value
Solid Wastes influence on climate
Solid Wastes contamination
59
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 28
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Output-Related Environmental Impacts Overview

continental/
regional
human toxicity
ecotoxicity
acidification
nutrient enrichment
photochemical ozone
formation (photochemical
smog, regional)
60
Erwin Binner
global
global warming
stratospheric ozone
depletion
local
odour
noise
victims (of accidents)
Lima 2013
Influence on Climate
Huaraz / Pastoruri-Glacier
Erwin Binner
photo: Erwin Binner
61
Lima 2013
page 29
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Glaciar Yanamarey/Cordillera Blanca 4.786
m
1982
1992
13
years
62
Erwin Binner
2005
1997
Lima 2013
Groglockner (3.797 m) / Pasterze-Glacier
2006
63
ye
ar
s
source: Gerhard Lieb
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Lima 2013
1943
page 30
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
10
ars
ye
2007
64
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1997
Lima 2013
60 m .
in 12 years .
surface 2006
height above see level
surface 1994
65
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Lima 2013
page 31
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Solid Waste Disposal - Waste Delivery

Sari Mukti (Bandung) / Indonesia
66
Erwin Binner
photo Erwin Binner, 2007
Lima 2013
Solid Waste Disposal - Waste Recovery

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Lima 2013
page 32
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Solid Waste Disposal - Waste Recovery

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Lima 2013
Solid Waste Disposal - Landfill Sliding 2005

Leuwigaja (Bandung) / Indonesia
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Lima 2013
page 33
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

rainwater
0
75
reasons for sliding:

rainwater runs into landfill
no drainage system
70
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Lima 2013
inadequate compaction

150 death people in the
village nearby
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Lima 2013
page 34
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Pollution by Inadequate Landfilling

Conakry / Guinea (Westafrica) 2006
burning waste
(by self incineration)
72
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Lima 2013

Addis Abeba / Ethiopia 2012
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photo: Erwin Binner, 2012
Lima 2013
page 35
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

74
Erwin
Binner 2012
Addis
Abeba,
Lima 2013

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Lima 2013
page 36
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Slovakia / Peru 2004
photo: Erwin Binner

Erwin Binner
76
landfill
Ziar/Slovakia, 2004
Lima 2013
landfill Cusco/Peru, 2004

Waste Disposal in Peru 2005-2008
2008, photo: L. Sandoval
2005, photo: Erwin Binner
Erwin Binner
77 photo: Erwin Binner

2005,
Lima 2013
page 37
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
photo: Sperl
2008 Basel Action Network (BAN)

photo: Albrecht
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Lima 2013
photo: ABF-BOKU
Pollution by
Inadequate Landfilling / Austria 1978
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Lima
2013
1978
page 38
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Pollution by
Inadequate Landfilling / Austria 1978
80
Erwin Binner
photo: Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Adequate Landfilling
Base Liner System
consists of:
- leachate collection
- drainage
- bottom liner
leachate collection: HDPE pipe,
diameter 200-250 mm, perforated or
slotted, slope about 2 %
drainage system:
gravel min. thickness 0,5 m,
leachate resistant,
slope about 3 %
botom liner:
(several layers)
- plastic layer (if necessary)
- 3 mineral layers
source: ABF-BOKU
81
Erwin Binner
stabile underground
Lima 2013
page 39
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Basis Liner System / Austria 1996
geotextile (protection)
3 mineral layers
plastic layer (geomembrane)
gravel layer
(drainage)
82
basis liner system
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
mineral layer
geotextile (protection)
3 mineral layers
plastic layer (geomembrane)
gravel layer
(drainage)
83
basis liner system
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 40
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
plastic layer
(geomembrane)
gravel layer
(drainage)
84
Erwin Binner
leachate inspection
point
Lima 2013
drainage system
Leachate Management
leachate
inspection point
85
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Lima 2013
photo: Erwin Binner
page 41
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Leachate Management
leachate collector
86
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Lima 2013
Basis Liner System / San Ramon 2010
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Lima 2013
page 42
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Basis Liner System / San Ramon 2010
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Lima 2013
Leachate Management
leachate storage and treatment
89
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Lima 2013
photo: Erwin Binner
page 43
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Landfill Gas Management well for gas collection
90
use of landfill gas
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
photo: Erwin Binner
Solid Waste Management

waste-disposal helps to protect environment,
but it does not solve all the problems
1990 in Austria a new
waste management law

was set into effect (last amendment 2012)
3rd step
organisation of solid waste management
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Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 44
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Waste Management in Austria (and EU)

Legal Situation
1990 Waste Management Law
(BGBL. 325/1990, set into effect 1990, amendment 2012)
priorities:
prevention
reuse
recycling
energetic recovery
biological
treatment
treatment + disposal
92
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

Legal Situation
1992 Ordinance about Separate Collection
of Packaging Material
- producers, distributors and sellers of packaging
material are responsible for collection and
recycling after use
- they have to organise an appropriate system for
collection and recycling or have to pay for
municipal collection system
- minimum quota for recycling is 80 %
- consumers have to participate to the separate
collection of packaging materials
93
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 45
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Legal Situation
1995 Bio Waste Ordinance (BGBl.68/1992)
separate source collection of organic wastes
from household and garden,
wastes of plant origin from food preparing
(kitchens, restaurants, hotels), food
industry and agriculture
paper which is in connection with food
exception: to high pollution
composting of separate collected organics
94
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

Legal Situation
1998 Ordinance about Hazardous
Wastes and problematic wastes
which wastes are hazardous
which of them are problematic wastes
(= hazardous wastes from household)
examples:
old medicines
fluorescent tubes
colours and lacquers
batteries
95
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 46
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Legal Situation
1995 Bio Waste Ordinance (BGBl.68/1992)
separate source collection of organic wastes
from household and garden,
wastes of plant origin from food preparing
(kitchens, restaurants, hotels), food
industry and agriculture
improves quality
of compost
composting
of separate collected organics
paper
which is inabout
connection
with food
1998
Ordinance
Hazardous
exception:
to high pollution
Wastes
and problematic
wastes
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Lima 2013

Compost Ordinance (BGBl.II 292/2001)
Compost Ordinance regulates:
requirements to quality of compost
kind and origin of raw materials
designation of compost
rules for selling compost
end of the waste characteristics
compost = product, not waste any longer!

97
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Lima 2013
page 47
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

requirements to quality of compost
regulates
designation of compost
quality
rules for selling
compost end of the waste characteristics
requirements
kind and origin of raw materials
compost = product, not waste any longer!

98
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

unfortunately the compost ordinance does
not regulate the real compost quality
useful effects are of low interest!
differences in quality almost

exclusively are defined by content
of heavy metals!
99
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Lima 2013
page 48
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Compost Ordinance / Quality of Compost
2001 Compost Ordinance (BGBL.II 292/2001)
regulates quality requirements
Cd
Cr
Cu
Hg
Ni
Pb
Zn
A+
0,7
70
70
0,4
25
45
200
A
1
70
150
0,7
60
120
500
B
3
250
500
3
100
200
1,800
there are 3 classes of

quality (heavy metal
content in mg/kg DM):
not allowed for agriculture

100
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Compost Ordinance
Quality of Compost / Use of Compost
5there
typesare
of 3compost
classes of and 4 types of use for
compost:
quality (heavy metal
content in mg/kg DM): agriculture
compost
high quality A+
A
compost
101
B
Cd
0,7
1
3
Cr quality
70
70
250
high
- sewage
Cu
70
150 500
sludge
compost
Hg
0,4
0,7
3
Ni - compost
25
60
100
bark
Pb
45
120 200
MSW
compost
Zn -200
500 1800
Erwin Binner
table 1a:
landscape gardening
additional requirements for

and landscape
MSW-compost
(class B)
conservation
(incl.
parameter
limit value
AOXrecultivation
500 mg/kg
of DM
Minerall-KW
landfill
PAK (16)
3000 mg/kg DM
sites)
6 mg/kg DM
production
of soil
PCB
1 mg/kg DM
Dioxin
for
50 ng DE/kg DM
bio-filter
Lima 2013
page 49
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Compost Ordinance / Feedstock
in appendix 1 / part 1 - part 4 there are lists of
allowed raw materials
part 1: allowed for high quality - compost
(analysis on suspicion)
part 2: allowed for compost and high quality sewage sludge compost
(defined qualities of sludge, certificate of origin is
needed)
part 3: allowed for MSW - compost

part 4: allowed additives
(total amount < 5 %, soil < 15 %)
102
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Lima 2013

Compost Ordinance / Documentation
requirements at documentation
self monitoring
external supervision
record keeping of correspondence with
government, of declaration and of all
confirmations
classification and marking
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page 50
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Landfill Ordinance (BGBL. 39/2008)
concept of 3 barriers
3rd barrier = landfill construction
and operation
1st barrier =
internal safety =
waste quality
2nd barrier = exterior safety
= location
104
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

Legal Situation / Landfill Ordinance
1996 Landfill Ordinance
(BGBL. 164/1996, new BGBL. 39/2008)
requirements at waste quality (1st barrier)

requirements at location of landfills (2nd
barrier)
requirements at construction (3rd barrier)
requirements at operation
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page 51
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Legal Situation / Landfill Ordinance
(BGBL. 164/1996, new BGBL. 39/2008)
requirements at waste quality (1st barrier)
reduces
requirements at location of landfills (2nd

barrier)
requirements at construction (3rd barrier)
emissions
requirements at operation
106
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Legal Situation in Europe

Landfill Directive
the amount of disposed biological degradable
municipal waste needs to be reduced to
75 % since 2006
50 % since 2009
35 % until 2016
of the amount disposed in 1995
107
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 52
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

(BGBL. 164/1996, new BGBL. 39/2008)
requirements at waste quality:

limit values for solids (e.g.: TOC < 5%) and eluate
mechanically-biologically pretreated wastes may
exceed TOC, if calorific value (content of energy)
undergoes 6,000 kJ/kg DM (1996)
108
amendment 2004 :
Ho < 6,600 kJ/kg DM
respiration activity
AT4 < 7 mg O2/g DM
gas formation potential
GS21 < 20 Nl/kg DM
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

(BGBL. 164/1996, new BGBL. 39/2008)
requirements at waste quality:

limit values for solids (e.g.: TOC < 5%) and eluate
mechanically-biologically pretreated wastes may
exceed TOC, if calorific value (content of energy)
undergoes 6,000 kJ/kg DM (1996)
H < 6.600 kJ/kg DM
reduces
respiration activity
AT < 7 mg O /g DM
gas formation
potential
GS < 20 Nl/kg DM
reactivity
amendment 2004 :
21
109
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 53
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Experiences in Austria / Impact of MBT

Gas Generation
Gas Generation [Nl/kg DM]
Gas Generation Potential in Incubation Test Impact of Mechanical Biological Pretreatment

300
Oberpullendorf DANO-Output
GS21 = 34 Nl/kg DS - acidification!
250
Siggerwiesen 3 weeks
GS21 = 54 Nl/kg DS
200
Allerheiligen 5 weeks
GS21 = 35 Nl/kg DS
150
Allerheiligen 5 weeks
GS21 = 25 Nl/kg DS
100
Liezen 16 weeks
GS21 = 4 Nl/kg DS
Oberpullendorf 20 weeks
GS21 = 9 Nl/kg DS
50
0
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
Test Duration [days]
110
Erwin Binner
300
330
360
390
420
450
480
source: Binner, 1999

Lima 2013
Mechanical Biological Pretreatment (MBT)

Targets
111
reduction and stabilization of org. substance

better input-control at landfills
reduction of gas generation
reduction of leachate (amount and
concentrations)
lower consumption of landfill volumes
lower settlement
reduction of harmful substances
use of thermally valuable compounds
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 54
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

types of landfills
different limits for pollutants in solid matter and eluates (DEV S4),
(= 1st barrier)
Bodenaushubdeponie (excavated soil)
Inertstoffdeponie and
Baurestmassendeponie (inert part of
construction and demolition wastes)
Reststoffdeponie
(e.g. residues from incineration plants)
112
Massenabfalldeponie
(e.g. MSW = municipal solid wastes)
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

Landfill-type Bodenaushubdeponie
113
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
photo: ABF-BOKU
page 55
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Landfill-type Bodenaushubdeponie
total amount in solids
parameter
pimit value [mg/kgDM]
amount in eluate (1:10, 24 hours)

parameter
limit value [mg/kgDM]
Zink
114
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

Landfill-type Bauschuttdeponie
115
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
photo: Erwin Binner
page 56
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Landfill-type Reststoffdeponie
116
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
photo: Erwin Binner

Landfill-type Massenabfalldeponie
117
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
photo: Erwin Binner
page 57
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Special-Landfill-type Untertagedeponie for

hazardous wastes (there is no one in Austria)
bore hole
overlying rock
mine shaft
type 2: caverne
type 1: mine
salt dome
118
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
source: Tabasaran, 1997
Legal Situation in the European Union (EU)

1. Regulations have to be directly applied from the
member states after coming into force
2. Directives are in principle addressed to the
member states. The member states are obliged to
enact a law to implement the directive or to adapt
existing laws within a time limit
3. European Standards have to be adopted into the
national standards of the member organisations of
CEN (European Committee for Standardisation)
119
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 58
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Legislation in the European Union

Examples
Directive on Waste 75/442/EEC, repealed by Directive 91/156/EEC and
by Directive 2006/12/EC: contains minimum requirements for the

correct management of wastes
Regulation on the Supervision and Control of Shipments of Waste
within, into and out of the European Community 93/259/EEC,
repealed through Regulation 120/97/EC: governs shipment of wastes in
and within member states as well as into and out of the EU
Directive on Hazardous Waste 78/319/EEC, repealed by Directive
91/689/EEC: contains basic obligations for correct handling of hazardous
wastes as minimum requirements for the member states
Directive on the Incineration of Hazardous Waste, Directive
94/67/EC
Directive concerning Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
(IPPC), Directive 96/61/EC
120
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

European Waste List (EWL)
1. European Waste List (EWL) 2000/532/EC and
2001/118/EC
2. the list of wastes contains 839 waste types and
serves as Europe-wide nomenclature system to
characterise wastes.
3. the list governs
- the classification of waste,
- the categorisation of wastes concerning
their hazardous nature.
121
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 59
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

European Waste List (EWL)
1.Waste Classification: within the waste list each waste is fully
defined by six-digit code, e.g.
04 01 04 tanning liquor containing chromium
six-digit code
waste type
2.Allocation to the waste types

the waste list is structured by
-
Chapters (two-digit chapter-heading) and
Groups (four-digit chapter-heading)
3. the EWL contains 20 Chapters, 111 Waste Groups and 839 Waste
Types
122
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

European Waste List: Hazardous Wastes
any waste marked with an asterisk (*) (beside
the six-digit code) is considered as a
hazardous waste pursuant to the Hazardous
Waste Directive.
these wastes show one or more properties
which render them hazardous pursuant to
Annex III of the Directive 91/689/EC on
hazardous wastes.
124
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 60
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Directive on Hazardous Wastes

Properties pursuant to Annex III
H1
Explosive
H2
Oxidizing
H3-A Highly flammable

H3-B Flammable
125
H4
Irritant
H5
harmful
H6
Toxic
H7
Carcinogenic
H8
Corrosive
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Directive on Hazardous Wastes

Properties pursuant to Annex III
126
H9
H10
H11
H12
Infectious
Teratogenic
Mutagenic
H13
Substances and preparations capable by any

means, after disposal, of yielding another
substance, e.g. a leachate, which possesses any
of the characteristics listed above
H14
Ecotoxic
Substances and preparations which release toxic

or very toxic gases in contact with water, air or an
acid
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 61
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Waste Catalogue Ordinance
the European Waste Catalogue was put into national
legislation on 1 January 2004.
(Waste Catalogue Ordinance)
consistent catalogue for non hazardous and
hazardous wastes
basis is a national standard, the NORM S 2100
(waste catalogue)
in Austria still the key numbers of the NORM S 2100
are used for the classification of waste.
The EWC will be changed again; after this is finished,
the codes according to the European Waste Catalogue
have to be used in Austria too
127
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

Hazardous Wastes
Hazardous Waste
-
require very careful handling

generators: industry, commerce, institutions
Ordinance on the Traceability of Waste (accompanying waste
data sheet, documentation within the waste generating facility)
Hazardous Household Waste

-
hazardous wastes, which are usually generated in private

households (small amounts)
which are generated by other waste producers in such amounts
and qualities similar to those of private households
examples:
128
Erwin Binner
- pharmaceuticals
- mercury thermometer
- fluorescent tubes
- batteries, etc.
- paint
Lima 2013
page 62
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Ordinance on the Traceability of Wastes
Ordinance on the Traceability of Waste (Austria):
regulates obligations to provide evidence about
waste
defines the scope and form of recording,
reporting and documentation
in order to make transparent the proper
collection, storage, transportation and treatment
of waste
129
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

Ordinance on the Traceability of Wastes
general obligations for recording:
every owner of a waste has to keep records about the
type, amount, origin and destination of the waste
system of accompanying waste data sheets:

everyone who delivers hazardous waste, transports
them or have them transported with the aim to pass
them to another person, has to report the type,
quantity and destination of the hazardous waste as
well as his identification number in an accompanying
waste data sheet
both does not apply to private households !
130
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 63
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Ordinance on the Traceability of Wastes (A)

Hazardous Wastes Data Sheet
type of waste
digit code
amount
R (1-13) treatment (subject

to annex 1/column1 of the
Ordinance on the
Traceability of Waste 2003
D (D1-15) method of
disposal
el e
131
wi
ct r l l b
on e c
ica ha
l s nge
i n ys t d
t
20
e
10 m ( o
ED
M)
have to be numbered
consecutively
a separate data sheet for
each type of hazardous
waste
sheets must be retained
7 years
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

System of Accompanying Waste Data Sheets
e.g. treatment facility
waste producer
hand over
take over
filing
filing
transport
head of federal
state
data
exchange
central database
132
local database
authority
* Erwin
Binnerof the federal government for environmental protection and Lima 2013
environmental control.
page 64
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Hazardous Wastes Disposal in Austria
disposal of hazardous waste
biological
phys./chem.
thermal
export to Germany
and the Netherlands
133
Erwin Binner
1999 about 972,000 t hazardous

waste were collected in Austria,
according to waste data sheets
currently, about 400,000
transports of hazardous waste
per year (according to waste data
sheets)
10 % of hazardous wastes are
exported
e.g. immoblization by
means of additives
(landfill)
Lima 2013
Standardization
(Norms/Standards)
136
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 65
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Norms Austrian Standards Institute
norms are technical standards
they promote rationalisation
make quality assurance possible
conduce to safety at work and in leisure time
standardise test methods (e.g. in the field of environmental
protection)
facilitate communication in economy, engineering,
science, administration and in public
norms are not issued top down by authorities, but rather
elaborated by those who need them: economy, consumers,
administration, science. Their representatives spend time,
effort and know-how for elaborating a norm, for their own
as well as for the public benefit
137
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

What are Norms?
professional recommendations
- their application is basically voluntary
- often a prerequisite for solution of technical and economic
problems
norms or parts of norms can be made legally binding

by the legislator (State or Federal States)
- Compliance with the norm is no longer voluntary, but mandatory
norms represent the actual state of the art in

engineering and economy
basis for controlled procedures in all fields of economy

and administration
138
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 66
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Basic Principles of Standardization
neutral, collaborative work
- all parties concerned have the possibility and are
demanded to participate in standardization by
sending their representatives, in all ranks
consensus
- means general accordance, considering the point
of views of all relevant parties and clearing
refutations
- European and international norms may also be
decided by a qualified majority, i.e. a consensus
can also be reached if some of the committee do not
agree
139
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

publicity
- prior to the publication of a norm, a draft of the
norm has to be published, in order to give the
public the possibility for their statement.
Legitimate objections have to be considered by the
competent standardisation committee
consistency
- each norm has to be consistent with other
existing norms on national and European level.
This has to be regarded when elaborating a norm
140
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 67
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

141
in Austria, there are 18,000 norms (NORMEN) in

force. 3/4 of them are European norms.
European norms have to be adopted into the national
system of norms by the member organisations of the
CEN (the European Committee for Standardization).
in Austria, norms are labelled NORM EN or NORM
EN ISO (if the European norm is also an internat. norm).
European norms are valid for 29 countries (whole EU +
associated countries). This means that definitions,
standards or test methods for the standardized subjects
are the same in these 29 countries. The number of the
CEN members will increase accordingly.
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Austrian Standards
Examples for Waste Management Norms
NORM CEN/TS 14405
Characterisation of Waste - Leaching Behaviour - Upflow Percolation
Test (under defined conditions)
NORM CEN/TS 14429

Characterisation of Waste - Investigation of Leaching Behaviour Impact of the pH-Value after Prior Addition of Acid / Alkali
NORM EN 840-1
Mobile Containers for Waste Collection - Part 1: Containers with 2
Wheels and a Volume up to 400 l - Dimensions and Shape
NORM EN 1501-3
Vehicles for Waste Collection - General Requirements and Safety
Requirements
- Part 3: front loader
142
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 68
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Austrian Standards
NORM EN 13071
Containers for the Separate Collection of Waste - Outdoor Containers
for the Separate Collection of Waste, which can be Mechanically Picked
up and have a Volume between 80 l and 5;000 l
NORM EN 13592
Plastic Bags for the Collection of Waste from Households - Types,
Requirements and Test Methods (consolidated version)
NORM S 2000 Waste management Part 1: Waste Definitions

NORM S 2027-1 to 3
Parameters for the Assessment of the Stability of MechanicallyBiologically Pretreated Waste
- Part 1: Respiration Activity (AT4)
- Part 2: Incubation Test (GS21)
- Part 3: Gas Formation Test (GB21)
143
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Austrian Standards
NORM S 2097 - 1 to 4 Sorting Analysis of Waste
-
Part 1: Concepts
Part 2: Sampling
Part 3: Sorting
Part 4: Evaluation of measuring results and analysis report
NORM S 2104 Medical wastes

NORM S 2106 Recycling and Disposal of Waste Electric and
Electronic Equipment (WEEE)
NORM S 2123-2 Concepts for Waste Sampling

- Part 2: Sampling of solid waste from containers and transport vehicles
NORM S 2205
Engineering Requirements for Composting Plants for the Treatment of
Biogenous Waste
144
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 69
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Austrian Standards
Relevant National Norms in Austria
norms with legally binding (laid down by ordinances), e.g.:
145
NORM S 2070 2075

NORM S 2100
NORM S 2101
NORM S 2104
NORM S 2201
NORM S 2200
Relating to Landfills and Classes of Eluates
NORM S 2023
Examination Methods for Composts and

Monitoring of Compost Quality (withdrawn)
NORM S 2123
Waste Sampling
Waste Catalogue
Hazardous Waste Catalogue
Medical wastes
Compostable Biogenous Wastes
Criteria for the Quality of Compost from
Organic Waste (withdrawn Compost
Ordinance came into effect)
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Waste Management
Important for Peru
targets for production and disposal:
protection of humans (direct/indirect)
protection of animals and plants
protection of water
protection of soil
protection of atmosphere
146
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 70
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Waste Management
Important for Peru
priorities for waste-management:
prevention
recovery
treatment + disposal
producer
responsibility !!
147
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Waste Management
Important for Peru
separate collection of biowaste:
high quality compost
definition of quality requirements
(soil protection) regulation!
reduction of landfilled waste (amount)
reduction of organics in landfilled waste
(reactivity)
148
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 71
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Waste Management
Important for Peru
regulations for landfills:
different types (depending on waste)
prevention of emissions (reduction of
reactivity, bottom liner)
treatment of emissions (leachate, gas)
long term behaviour !!

149
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Waste Management
Important for Peru
regulations for hazardous wastes:
prevention
(substitution, producer
responsibility!)
separate collection
adequate treatment (reuse, recycling,
chemical/physical, thermal, disposal)
long term behaviour !!

150
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 72
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Waste Management
Important for Peru
Important Standards (norms) for Peru:
waste catalogue
hazardous wastes
limit values and methods for analyses
(wastes, compost, landfill behavior,
leaching tests, soil, water, atmosphere)
151
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Ecologically Efficient Municipalities Program

Programa de Municipios Ecoeficientes
priority of action lines
1. wastewater treatment and reuse

2. recycling and final sure disposition of solid waste
3. territorial planning for the sustainable development.
152
Erwin Binner
source: Ana Maria Gonzlez del Valle Begazo,

Viceministra de Gestin Ambiental, 02 de Octubre 2008
Lima 2013
page 73
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
1.
protection of water sources
2.
water saving to level of companies and domiciles
3.
good practices for efficient water use
4.
cleaning of riverbanks and disposal control
5.
wastewater treatment and reuse
wastewater treatment and reuse

153
Erwin Binner

Lima 2013
territorial planning for the

sustainable development
1. ecological - economic zoning
2. circuits of adding values for aggregation of
economic and social activities
3. green preserved and productive areas
4. city planning
5. transport planning
154
Erwin Binner

Lima 2013
page 74
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
1. minimization of waste generation

2. recycling
3. compilation, transport and efficient transfer
4. safe disposal
recycling and final safe disposal of solid waste

155
Erwin Binner

Lima 2013
MSW Generation
(Municipal Solid
Waste)
156
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 75
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
300
200
100
Luxemburg
800 kg / inh.a
United States of America

New York 700 up to 1,400
400
London (GB)
600 kg/ibh.a
500
Vienna
550 kg/inh.a
600
very huge differences

we need local data!
Warsaw (PL) 450 kg/inh.a
Lima (Peru, 2008) 385 kg/inh.a
Kommunale
Abflle
[kg/Ew.a]
MSW [kg
/ inh.a]
700
< 200
kg/inh.a
800
Djakarta (Indonesia)
Lima (Peru, 2001) ?
Manila (Philippines)
220 kg/inh.a
Guatemala City (Guatemala)
Bucharest (Romania)
300 kg/inh.a
Peru, 2008
MSW Accumulation in Cities of the World

Waste Generation
0
Sources: UN-ESCAP, OECD, own research
157
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Waste Generation on Household Level

examples from households in different countries
(USA, Mali, Japan, India)
different life-styles
different furnishing
different prosperity (expressed as average
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the region)
different consumption / consume habits
=> different amount of waste to be expected

Source: Material World. A global family portrait (1994)
158
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 76
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Lifestyle USA
159
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Lifestyle USA
family Skeen, USA

4 members of family
GNP (av.) $23,120
160
Erwin Binner
radio
telephone
TV-sets
video
computers
bicycles
cars
3
5
2
1
1
0
3
Lima 2013
page 77
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Lifestyle Mali / Africa
161
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Lifestyle Mali / Africa
family Natomo, Mali

11 members of family
GNP (av.) $300
162
Erwin Binner
radio
telephone
TV-sets
video
computers
bicycles
cars
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
Lima 2013
page 78
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Lifestyle Japan
163
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Lifestyle Japan
family Ukita, Japan

4 members of family
GNP (av.) $28,220
164
Erwin Binner
radio
telephone
TV-sets
video
computers
bicycles
cars
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
Lima 2013
page 79
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Lifestyle India
165
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Lifestyle India
family Yadev, India

6 members of family
GNP (av.) $310
166
Erwin Binner
radio
telephone
TV-sets
video
computers
bicycles
cars
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Lima 2013
page 80
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Different lifestyles
Examples: Food
167
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Market in Somalia (Source: Menzel, So it der Mensch, 2005)
168
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 81
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Market in Ecuador (Source: Menzel, So it der Mensch, 2005)
169
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Market in California (USA) (Source: Menzel, So it der Mensch, 2005)
170
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 82
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Examples: Food (Source: Menzel, So it der Mensch, 2005)
171
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
172
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 83
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
173
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

Waste Generation 2009 (FWMP, 2011)
types of wastes
174
mill. t/a
hazardous wastes and waste oil

municipal solid wastes (MSW)
0.32
3.9
construction and demolition wastes

residues from incineration plants
wood wastes (without packaging)
6.8
1.3
4.4
wastes from waste water treatment and

maintenance of water bodies(30% DM)
0.59
separate collected recyclables from commerce and

industry
2.25
electronic wastes
others (non hazardous) wastes
excavated earth
0.1
10.3
23.5
Erwin Binner
sum
Lima 2013
53.5
page 84
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Waste Generation 2009 (FWPP, 2011, 2006 + 2001)
MSW
residual wastes
bulky wastes
recyclables,
separate collected
bio wastes,
separate collected
hazardous household
wastes, WEE sep. collected
sum
175
Erwin Binner
kg/inh.a kg/inh.a kg/inh.a
t/a
2004
1999
169
163
31
29
27
1,386,000 166
148
131
2009
1,402,100 168
259,100
752,100
90
67
59
95,700
11
51)
31)
3,895,000 466
418
383
1)
without WEE
Lima 2013
Waste Management
Waste Generation in Peru 2007
Region Peru:
inh.: 28,000,000
8,205,000 t/a
295 kg /inh.a
source: INEI (2007)

http://www.minam.gob.pe/template.php?page=02102008
176
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 85
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Waste Management
Waste Generation in Peru 2007
Region Madre de Dios:
inh.:109,555
31,800 t/a
290 kg /inh.a
Region Piura:
inh.: 1,676,315
491,000 t/a
295 kg /inh.a
Region Lima:
inh.: 8,445,211
3,263,000 t/a
385 kg /inh.a
177
source: INEI (2007)

http://www.minam.gob.pe/template.php?page=02102008
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
Waste Management in Peru

Waste Generation 2009 (Monge, 2010)
1,1
0,961
1,0
0,918
0,9
0,782
kg / cap.day
0,8
0,672
0,7
0,586
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,0
Sierra
178
Erwin Binner
Costa
Selva
LimayCallao
Per
Lima 2013
page 86
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Waste Generation 2002 - 2009 (different sources)
Amounts of MSW Generated and Landfilled in Peru
12,000,000
2008
2007
2009
2002
2009
2009
10,000,000
tons / year
generated
8,000,000
landfiled
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
0
n
Ara
iba
r (8
3%
W)
MS
M
NA
MI
20
08
Mo
e
ng
t ed
llec
( co
)2
01
o
nd
Sa
va
SW
lM
08
20
o
nd
Sa
va
SW
lM
Sa
10
20
o
nd
va
+ In
SW
lM
Erwin Binner
179
,2
try
us
01
Lima 2013

Waste Generation 2002 - 2009 (different sources)
Specific Amounts of MSW Generated in Peru
1.200
2008
2007
2009
2002
2009
2009
kg / capita.day
1.000
0.800
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
n
Ara
iba
r (8
3%
W)
MS
M
NA
MI
capita 2007: 28.2 Mio

capita 2009: 29.1 Mio
180
Erwin Binner
20
08
ng
Mo
t ed
llec
o
c
(
)2
01
0
o
nd
Sa
va
SW
lM
08
20
o
nd
Sa
va
SW
lM
Sa
10
20
o
nd
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SW
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,2
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us
01
Lima 2013
page 87
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

Waste Generation 2009 (Monge, 2010; Sandoval, 2010)
Specific Amounts of MSW Generated in Peru 2009
1.200
Monge 2010
Monge 2010 - calculated
kg / capita.day
1.000
Sandoval 2010
Sandoval 2010 - calculated
0.800
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
Costa incl. Lima
181
Sierra
Selva
total Peru
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013

MSW Composition (2004)
paper
and und
Papier,
Pappe
cardboard
Kartonagen
22%
plastics
Leichtfraktion
11%
glass
Glas
8%
Mmetals
etalle
5%
wood
Holz
4%
hygienic
products
Hygienewaren
4%
organicAbflle
waste
Organic
waste
Biogene
31%
textiles
T extilien
others
Sonstiges
10%
3%
hazardous
household waste
Problemstoffe
2%
Source: Federal Waste Management Plan (FWMP), 2006
182
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 88
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Waste Disposal
MSW Composition
very different to Austria
again the local
situation is to be
known
31%
Waste Composition in Peru

paper
7%
leather
<1%
plastic
4%
textile
2% metal
2%
organic waste
55%
glass
3%
wood
1%
183
Erwin Binner
fines
26%
Source: Analisis sectorial de residuos solidos 1998
2009 (different sources)

organic waste (Peru):
48 to 55%
2009 (different sources)
organic waste (some
districts):
Lima 2013
up to 78%

MSW Treatment (1989 2009)
composted
16,0 %
18,7 %
reciclaje
35,6 %
31,7 %
hazardous waste
1,2 %
2,4 %
thermally treated
MBT
28,3 %
36,4 %
directly
landfilled
11,2 %
10,4 %
7,7 %
2004
184
Erwin Binner
FWM, 2001, 2006, 2009
0,4 %
2009
Lima 2013
page 89
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
of Generated MSW in Peru - 2009

Waste Disposal Disposal
9.215.000 t/a (incl. MWS from Industry)
Situation in Peru 2009
Ambiente
62%
Disposal of Collected MSW in Peru - 2009

6.277.000 t/a
Recycling
15%
Botadero
Controllado
3%
Relleno Sanitario
20%
source: Sandoval, 2010
dropped away
47,0 %
Recycling
14,7 %
Botadero
Controlado 7,4 %
Relleno Sanitario
rest of Peru
0,3 %
Erwin Binner
185
Relleno Sanitario
in Lima
30,6%
Lima 2013
source: Monge, 2010
Waste Disposal
Situation in Peru
Disposal of Generated MSW in Peru - 2009

9.215.000 t/a (incl. MWS from Industry)
Ambiente
62%
Waste treatment and disposal in Peru

recycling
15%
Recycling
15%
Botadero
Controllado
3%
Relleno Sanitario
20%
landfills
20%
dropped away
20%
186
1998
Erwin Binner
dumps
Lima 2013
45%
page 90
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Landfills in Lima
MSW Landfilled 2009:
2.060.000 t/a
Amounts of MSW Landfilled in Lima

Huaycoloro
1.036.000 t/a
50%
Callao Modelo
(botadero controlado)
245.500 t/a
Ancon / Casren
262.400 t/a
13%
Zapallal
56.100 t/a
3%
Portillo Grande
460.000 t/a
22%
Erwin Binner
187
Lima 2013
Waste Disposal
Situation in Peru 2009
Amounts of MSW Landfilled in Peru
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,098,764
closed end
of 2009?
tons / year
1,000,000
MINAM, 2008
Monge, 2010
Sandoval, 2010
INEI, 2011-Lima
INEI, 2011-total
800,000
600,000
464,160
463,002
400,000
302,015
200,000
56,388
664
16,276
250
1,150
0
ro
de
ol o
ran
yc
G
a
o
l
Hu
rtil
Po
188
Erwin Binner
Za
l
ll a
pa
.)
n
ruz
rca
.C
sre
(B
ma
aC
Ca
t
o
l
n
/
e
aja
a
n
d
C
S
o
o
c
An
oM
l la
Ca
B.C. = botadero controlado
r hu
Ca
Ind
ep
az
en
ia
nc
de
.)
.C
(B
Lima 2013
page 91
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
Landfills in Peru 2009
sources:
MINAM, 2008
Monge, 2010
Sandoval, 2010
relleno sanitario
botadero controlada
relleno de seguridad
relleno sanitario permitted by
DIGESA
189
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
relleno sanitario projected
e.binner@boku.ac.at
http://www.wau.boku.ac.at
Sustainable MBT-Landfill
Muchas
Thank
Danke
You
Gracias
for
fr Your
Ihrepor
suAttention
Atencion
Aufmerksamkeit
Miscantus
1-2 m mature compost
0,5 m non calcareous gravel
mechanical-biological
pretreated waste
landfill liner (DVO)
drainage system for surface runoff

free leachate discharge
190
Erwin Binner
Lima 2013
page 92
Curso Doctorado
September 2013
e.binner@boku.ac.at
http://www.wau.boku.ac.at
Sustainable MBT-Landfill
Muchas
Gracias por
Su Atencion
Miscantus
1-2 m mature compost
0,5 m non calcareous gravel
mechanical-biological
pretreated waste
landfill liner (DVO)
drainage system for surface runoff

free leachate discharge
Erwin Binner
191
Lima 2013

List of Abbreviations
MBT
MSW
MSWI
SS
HDPE
AT4
GS21
GB21
Ho
192
mechanical biological
pretreatment
municipal solid waste
MSW-incineration
sewage sludge
high density
polyethylene
respiration activity (testduration 4 days)
gas generation sum
(within 21 days)
gas evolution
(within 21 days)
upper calorific value
Erwin Binner
inh. = cap.
GDP
GNP
BAWP
BGBl
inhabitant
gross domestic product
gross national product
federal waste
management plan =
report about waste
management in Austria,
actualized every 5 years
Bundesgesetzblatt =
federal law gazette, for
anouncement of laws in
Austria
Lima 2013
page 93
Curso Doctorado
September 2013

DEV S4
german method for

elution (L:S=1:10)
TOC
total organic carbon
EC
electric conductivity
mS/cm
millisiemens/centimeter
evap. residue residue of evaporation
BOD5
COD
CH4
CO2
O2
biol. oxygen demand

chem. oxygen demand
methane
carbon dioxide
oxigen
CN
MBAS
HC
PAHC
EOX
POX
AOX
BTEX
CFC
Erwin Binner
193
cyanide
anion active tensides
hydrocarbons
polycyclic aromatic hydro
carbons
extractable organic
halogencompounds
particulate purgeable
organic halogen comp.
adsorbable organic
halogen compounds
aromatic compounds
(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes)
chlorofluorocarbon
Lima 2013

m3
l
ml
Nl
t = Mg
kg
g
mg
a
h
min
s
194
cubic meter = 1,000 l

liter = 1,000 ml
milliliter
normal liter
(volume calculated
to 0C,1013 mbar)
ton = 1,000 kg
kilogram =1,000 g
gram = 1,000 mg
milligram
year
hour
minute
second
Erwin Binner
C
vol.%
kJ/kg
kJ/mol
MWh
DM
oDM
WM
degree centigrad
percent volume
energy per kg
kilo joule/mole
(= energy/grammolecule)
mega watts hour =
energy
dry matter
organic dry matter
wet matter
Lima 2013
page 94

01situation in Austria and Europe-2013

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Curso Doctorado

Waste Management in Austria

Erwin Binner MSc.

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

Waste Management in Austria

Erwin Binner MSc.

Waste Generation in Austria and Peru

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

Federal Republic of Austria

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

Federal Republic of Austria

area: 82.700 km2

Federal Republic of Austria

< 600 mm/a to > 2,000 mm/a

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

Federal Republic of Austria

Federal Republic of Austria

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

Federal Republic of Austria

Federal Republic of Austria

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

Federal Republic of Austria

Federal Republic of Austria

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

Federal Republic of Austria

Federal Republic of Austria

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

Federal Republic of Austria

Federal Republic of Austria

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

Federal Republic of Austria

Federal Republic of Austria

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

Federal Republic of Austria

Federal Republic of Austria

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

BOKU-University of Natural Resources

BOKU-University of Natural Resources

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

9 Bachelor and 25 Master programs (7 in English)

Environmental Engineering (Kulturtechnik und Wasserwirtschaft)

Viticulture, Enology & Wine Economics (Weinbau)

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

9 Bachelor and 25 Master programs (8 in English)

Animal Science (Tierzucht)

Water Management (Wasserwirtschaft und Umwelt)

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

hydraulics and rural water management

Institute of Waste Management

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

Institute of Waste Management

Institute of Waste Management

minimisation of emissions (CH4, CO2) from landfills

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

Institute of Waste Management

waste management in economically developing

Erwin Binner, MSc.

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

Solid Waste Collection

in the 19th century in Europe the connection

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

traditional waste collection by farmers