Speci

es
Bovin
e

Name

Symptoms/Signs

Transmission

Dx

Treatment

Prevention

IBR
(Infective Bovine
Rhinotrachetis)
Johnes (Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis)

Temp inc., appetite dec.,

weight loss, abortions, resp.
problems, etc.
Severe diarrhea, rapid weight
loss, infected w/in 1-2m but
only show years later

Resp. secretions,
placental fluid

Swab test

Vaccination

Fecal
culture,
serology

BVD (Bovine Viral Diarrhea)

Adults: Fever, lethargy,

appetite dec., discharge,
diarrhea
Calves: Birth defects, ataxia,
tremors, nursing failure, PI,
diarrhea, calf pneumonia
Acute: Dead calves w/in 24
hours
Chronic: Temp inc., lethargy,
appetite dec., nasal discharge,
coughing
Hemolytic anemia, fever, resp.
rate inc., jaundice, weakness

Fecal-oral, thru
milk/in utero.
Shedders are
asymptomatic
In utero, thru
semen, resp.
secretions

Supportive
care,
cull/slaughter
None

Serology,
ear tissue
biopsy

Supportive
care, culling

Resp.
vaccinations

Airborne
Env: >30F change
withing 24 hours

Nasal
swab

Supportive care
(antibiotics,
antiinflammatories)

Vaccination,
nutrition,
colostrum, etc

Tick bites

Blood
smear

Tetracycline

Pour-on
insecticides in
the Spring,
vaccination
HQ silage,
rodent control

Calf pneumonia (V: IBR, PI3,

BRSV; Bac: Mannheimia
hemolytica, Hemophilius
somnus)
Anaplasmosis (Rickettsial
vector required)

Listeriosis/Circling Disease
(Listeria monocytogenes)

Cryptosporidium*
(Protozoa)

(Meningio)encephalitis in
adults, appetite dec., selfinsolation, head tilt, facial
paralysis, abortions,
depression
Chronic diarrhea, lethargy,
death

Tuberculosis*
(Mycobacterium bovis)

Soft coughs, enlarged lymph

nodes, difficulty breathing

Test and cull

Thru milk, uterine, Fecal

feces, placenta,
culture,
fertilizer. Carriers
serology
are asymptomatic

High doses of
penicillin/ampic
illin/Baytril

Fecal-oral.
Prepatent period
of 2-7 days
Both ways
zoonotic,
airborne, resp.
secretions/milk/sa
liva/etc.

Oocytes
in feces

Supportive care

Management,
most likely non

IDermal
injection
on right
caudal
tail fold
-> 72

None

Vaccination an
cull

hours

Equin
e

Ovine

Rhinopneumonitis (Equine
Herpes Virus 1 or 4)

EHV1: Temp inc., lethargy,

appetite dec., nasal discharge
EHV4: Resp. signs, late term
abortions, weak foal
EHM: Neurologic symptoms,
resp. -> ataxia -> paralysis

Resp. secretions,
placental fluid

PCR,
swab,
blood test

Supportive care
with fluids and
NSAIDs

Testing,
isolation,
vaccination

Strangles (Streptococcus
equi)

Usually targets <5 or >25 y-o

horses.
Fever from 3-5d, appetite
dec., lethargy, submandibular
swelling, nasal discharge

Nasal
swab, pus
microscop
y

Supportive
care,
Betalactams,
Penicillins,
TMS/SMZ

Vaccination
(Pinnacle IN)

Equine encephalitis
(Western, Eastern (worst),
Venezuelan variations)

Depression, fever, neurologic

signs, behavioral changes,
impaired vision, swallowing
probs, recumbency

Contagious,
horse-to-horse
thru
secretions/draina
ge, foamites,
soil/water
Mosquitoes ->
Avians ->
Mosquitoes

Serology

Supportive
care, NSAID/IV
to dec. edema

Vaccination

Purpura Hemorrhagica

Acute, non-contagious,
limb/ventral/head edema,
petechial hemorrhage

Clinical
signs

High doses of
Pred. and
penicillin

CAEV (Caprine Arthritis

Enchephalitis Virus Lentivirus)

Kids: Encephalitis slow

neurologic development, head
tilt, blindness, paralysis, death
Adults: Arthritis, weight dec.,
udder issues, viral pneumonia
Chronic weight dec.,
intermittent pneumonia,
paralysis, swollen joints,
carriers are asymptomatic

Thru
milk/colostrum,
placenta/fluids,
semen

Serology

Cull

Test and cull

Thru
milk/colostrum,
feed/water
source, resp.
vapors

Serology

Cull

Test and cull

OPPV (Ovine Progressive

Pneumonia Virus)

Sore mouth/Orf*
(Contagious Pustular
Dermatitis Parapox)

Crusty, pustular lesions on

mucous membranes

Bluetongue (Catarrhal
Fever Vector required
Culicoides imicoda)

Swelling of
lips/muzzle/head/tongue,
fever, nasal discharge,
foaming, breathing difficulty,
laminitis
Targets puppies, shed
constantly throughout period
of infection, lethargy,
vomiting, bloody diarrhea,
heart failure in 6 weeks
Spontaneous abortions after
4-6m of gestation. Calves born
may be PI.

Canin
e

Canine Parvo Virus

Enco
mpas
sing

Neospora caninum

Toxoplasmosis (Protozoan
parasite T. gondii)

Rabies* (Lyssavirus)

Coccidia (Isospora, Eimeria)

Infects humans and warmblooded animals. Forms

include tachyzoites (rapid
multiplication), bradyzoites
(cysts), sporozoites (oocytes).
In pregnant cats, tachyzoites
migrate to uterus and attack
cotyledon -> necrosis
Infects carnivores primarily.
CNS disturbances ->
behavioral
changes/aggressiveness,
furious and paralytic forms
Intermittent diarrhea w/(out)
blood, permanent infection.
Targets
young/geriatric/immunocompr

Highly
contagious,
animal-animal,
foamites
Fly bite (5-20d
incubation)

Visual

Supportive care

Vaccination

Clinical
signs,
serology

Supportive care

Fly control,
vaccination

Fecal-oral, virus
lasts for up to 2
months inside and
~a year outside

Isolating
virus in
feces

Supportive care
IVF

Vaccination

Trophozoites live
in host intestine
(canids), oocytes
ingested by
permanently
infected inter.
hosts
Feces

Aborted
fetus/fluid
analysis

No effective
treatment in
cattle, dogs can
be treated with
Clindamycin

Vaccination
(Neosporin), cu

Fecal
sample,
serology

Sulfadiazine,
Pyrimethanine

Vaccination,
fecal mgmt.

Infected saliva to
biting site,
incubation (2180d)

Brain
biopsy

Fatal -> none

Vaccination

Fecal-oral, must
be at least 4
weeks to confirm
infection

Fecal cyst
sample

Flagyl,
sulfonamides,
amprolium, etc.
Coccidiastats

Management
and appropriat
medicine for
newly born

omised animals

Salmonella*

Fever, lethargy, depression,

milk prod dec.

Q-Fever *(Rickettsial
Coxiella burnetti)

Infects all domestic animals

and some wild ones. Primarily
ruminants. Coughing,
diarrhea, dyspnea, death,
abortions/stillbirths,
lung/liver/heart problems,
myocarditis, etc.
Caseous: Abscessed lymph
nodes > weight loss, wasting.
Highly contagious
Ulcerative: Large open
wounds on shoulder/hip areas
Pigeon Fever: Abscess on
pectoral muscles/ventral
abdomen, weight loss,
lethargy

Caseous/Ulcerative
Lymphadnitis/Pigeon Fever
(Corynebacterium
pseudotuberculosis)

as additive in
food

animals

Asymptomatic
carriers shedding,
fecal/milk-oral,
saliva, snot, etc.
Primarily ticks,
can also thru
milk/urine/feces/fl
uids

Fecal
culture,
serology,
milk test
PCR,
culture

Supportive care
(Baytril, Nuflor,
Naxcel)

Vaccination, A
in all out
mgmt.

Tetracyclines,
feed/water
additives

Pasteurization

Discharge
transmitted by
flies or open
wound contact

Serology,
discharge
culture

Abscess
drainage
control,
antibiotics

Test and cull,

vaccination, fly
control,
management t
minimize cattle
injuries