CE 3211 Civil Engineering Project

and Cost Management

Planning and Management Concepts for
Civil Engineering Work
Dr G.N. Samarasekara

Project Management Cycle

Project Scope Management Process

Initiation

beginning a project or continuing to the next phase

big picture, strategic plan

Scope planning

developing documents to provide the basis for

future project decisions

Scope definition

subdividing the major project deliverables into

smaller, more manageable components

Scope verification
Scope change control

formalizing acceptance of the project scope

controlling changes to project scope

Inputs for Project Initiation

Product description -documents the characteristics of the products or

service that the project was undertaken to solve. It also documents the
business need that created the project.
Strategic plan - describes the originations mission, vision, and goals for
the future. Everything in projects management supports the strategic
business plan of the origination.
Project selection criteria - defined in terms of the product, this covers the
full range of management concerns. They are typically defined in terms of
specific benefits of the project to the business.
Historical information - results of previous decisions and performance.
relevant lessons learned from past projects; the history with a particular
customer; the history with similar

Project selection Criteria

Benefit measurement methods Financial models focusing on benefit/cost,
scoring models
Constrained optimization methods mathematical models using linear,
dynamic, integer, and multi-objective programming algorithms.
Expert judgment - Subject experts with specialized knowledge or training assess
the inputs to this process. Results of this analysis are a documented opinion or
recommendation.

Financial Analysis of Projects

Net present value (NPV) analysis
Return on investment (ROI)

ROI = (total discounted benefits - total discounted costs) / discounted costs

Payback analysis

Project Charter
Outcome of project initiation process
After deciding what project to work on, it is important to formalize projects
project charter
Document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides
direction on the projects objectives and management

Key project stakeholders should sign a project charter to acknowledge

agreement on the need and intent of the project

Project Scope Planning

Inputs

Outputs

Product description

Scope statement :The scope statement is an

agreement made between the client and
project manager. Major sections of the
scope statement include: a) Project
objectives. b) Project product; c) Project
justification; d)Project deliverables;

Project Charter
Constraints : factors that limit the project
management teams options
Assumptions: factors that, for planning
purposes, will be considered to be true,
real, or certain.

Supporting details : include all identified

assumptions and constraints. The
specifications define the expected
performance of a deliverable.
Scope Management Plan : describe how
the project scope will be managed and how
scope changes will be integrated into the
project. It may be formal or informal.

Scope Definition
Scope definition divides major project deliverables into manageable
components. It provides a baseline and assigns responsibilities. A scope
baseline is the original plan, plus or minus approved changes.
Inputs

Outputs

Scope statement from Scope Planning

Process :an agreement made between the
client and project manager Constraints

WBS

Assumptions
Other planning output
Outputs from processes

Historic information

Scope statement update: refinements of

the scope statement.

Scope Verification
* Process of formalizing acceptance of the project scope by key stakeholders
* Requires reviewing work products and results to ensure that all product or service
features and functions are complete, correct and satisfactory.
Inputs

Outputs

Work results : deliverables have been

fully or partially completed, what costs
have been incurred or committed.

Formal acceptance : documentation of

approving the project of the project, or
phase, needs to be prepared. Often the
client or sponsor needs to sign off on
formal documents as a part of wrapping
up the project.

Product documentation : paperwork

describing the projects products must be
available for review.

Scope Change Control

Change control procedures enable project manager to understand and manage
change requests.
Inputs

Outputs

WBS

Scope change control system : defines the

procedures by which the scope of the
project may be changed. It includes the
paperwork, tracking systems, and approval
levels necessary for authorizing changes.
(e.g. change request form)

Performance reports
Change requests
Scope management plan : describes how
the project scope will be managed, how
changes will be identified and classified,
how changes will be integrated into the
project, and what the required
procedures are form making changes.

Performance measurement : techniques to

assess the magnitude of any variations that
occur in the performance of the project.
Additional planning: activities that may be
necessary to the project plan or subsidiary
plan in order to adjust to changes.

Change Request Form