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WV2_Results

Russia 1990
Technical Record
v.2014.04.18

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

RUSSIA 1990
Geographical scope:
Russian Federation
Fieldwork Period: - .
Universe: National Population, Both sexes,18 and more years
Sample size: 1961
Estimated Error: 2,3
Survey procedure: Missing

v.2014.04.18

WV2_Results

Russia 1990
Crossings by Sex and Age
v.2014.04.18

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V4.- For each of the following aspects, indicate how important it is in your life. Would you say it is:
Work
TOTAL
Very important
Rather important
Not very important
Not at all important
Dont know
(N)

44.5
36.2
12.2
3.9
3.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
49.3
34.6
9.6
3.7
2.7
(837)

Female
40.9
37.4
14.2
4.0
3.5
(1,124)

up to 29
32.9
40.2
20.8
2.6
3.5
(453)

Age
30-49
46.3
39.5
10.6
1.7
1.8
(817)

50 and more
50.1
29.7
8.5
7.2
4.5
(691)

V5.- For each of the following aspects, indicate how important it is in your life. Would you say it is:
Family
TOTAL
Very important
Rather important
Not very important
Not at all important
Dont know
(N)

77.4
17.3
2.5
0.8
1.9
(1,961)

Sex
Male
71.6
22.0
3.3
1.0
2.2
(837)

Female
81.8
13.9
1.9
0.7
1.8
(1,124)

up to 29
70.2
21.9
3.8
0.7
3.5
(453)

Age
30-49
82.6
14.0
2.0
0.5
1.0
(817)

50 and more
76.0
18.4
2.3
1.3
2.0
(691)

V6.- For each of the following aspects, indicate how important it is in your life. Would you say it is:
Friends
TOTAL
Very important
Rather important
Not very important
Not at all important
Dont know
(N)

28.5
46.4
20.4
2.1
2.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
31.5
45.6
18.8
1.8
2.3
(837)

Female
26.2
47.0
21.7
2.4
2.7
(1,124)

up to 29
35.8
47.0
14.3
0.2
2.6
(453)

Age
30-49
24.5
49.2
21.7
2.2
2.4
(817)

50 and more
28.5
42.7
23.0
3.3
2.5
(691)

V7.- For each of the following aspects, indicate how important it is in your life. Would you say it is:
Leisure time
TOTAL
Very important
Rather important
Not very important
Not at all important
Dont know
(N)

27.6
41.4
22.5
4.1
4.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
28.1
42.9
22.2
3.5
3.3
(837)

Female
27.2
40.2
22.8
4.6
5.2
(1,124)

up to 29
32.2
42.4
19.4
1.3
4.6
(453)

Age
30-49
29.1
41.4
22.2
3.4
3.9
(817)

50 and more
22.7
40.7
25.0
6.8
4.8
(691)

Page 1 of 92

V8.- For each of the following aspects, indicate how important it is in your life. Would you say it is:
Politics
TOTAL
Very important
Rather important
Not very important
Not at all important
Dont know
(N)

11.0
24.7
40.3
19.4
4.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
14.2
27.0
37.4
17.3
4.1
(837)

Female
8.5
23.0
42.5
20.9
5.1
(1,124)

up to 29
6.0
19.2
50.1
19.9
4.9
(453)

Age
30-49
8.8
27.8
41.9
17.3
4.3
(817)

50 and more
16.8
24.6
32.1
21.6
4.9
(691)

V9.- For each of the following aspects, indicate how important it is in your life. Would you say it is:
Religion
TOTAL
Very important
Rather important
Not very important
Not at all important
Dont know
(N)

11.1
20.4
30.4
31.7
6.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
6.6
16.1
30.0
41.6
5.7
(837)

Female
14.4
23.6
30.7
24.4
6.9
(1,124)

up to 29
6.6
19.6
34.9
31.8
7.1
(453)

Age
30-49
6.1
17.4
31.0
38.6
7.0
(817)

50 and more
19.8
24.5
26.8
23.6
5.4
(691)

V10.- When you get together with your friends, would you say you discuss political matters frequently, occasionally or
never?
TOTAL
Frequently
Occasionally
Never
Dont know
(N)

31.7
49.8
16.4
2.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
36.0
49.7
12.2
2.2
(837)

Female
28.5
49.9
19.6
2.0
(1,124)

up to 29
21.2
61.4
15.5
2.0
(453)

Age
30-49
37.9
50.6
9.8
1.7
(817)

50 and more
31.1
41.4
24.9
2.6
(691)

V11.- When you, yourself, hold a strong opinion, do you ever find yourself persuading your friends, relatives or fellow
workers to share your views or not? If so, does this happen often, from time to time or rarely?.
TOTAL
Often
At times
Rarely
Never
Dont know
(N)

21.5
32.8
22.5
19.7
3.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
24.6
35.4
21.4
15.9
2.7
(837)

Female
19.2
30.9
23.4
22.5
4.0
(1,124)

up to 29
19.0
35.8
25.8
15.7
3.8
(453)

Age
30-49
23.3
35.3
23.3
15.9
2.3
(817)

50 and more
21.1
27.9
19.5
26.8
4.6
(691)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V12.- I am now going to read out some statements about the environment. For each one read out, can you tell me whether
you agree strongly, agree, disagree or strongly disagree? (Read out each statement and code an answer for each)
Would give part of my income
TOTAL
Agree strongly
Agree
Disagree
Disagree strongly
Dont know
(N)

24.9
49.6
17.7
3.7
4.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
24.0
49.0
19.1
4.2
3.7
(837)

Female
25.6
50.1
16.7
3.3
4.3
(1,124)

up to 29
25.2
51.2
18.3
2.6
2.6
(453)

Age
30-49
23.6
50.3
18.5
3.5
4.0
(817)

50 and more
26.3
47.8
16.5
4.5
4.9
(691)

V13.- I am now going to read out some statements about the environment. For each one read out, can you tell me whether
you agree strongly, agree, disagree or strongly disagree? (Read out each statement and code an answer for each)
I would agree to an increase
TOTAL
Agree strongly
Agree
Disagree
Disagree strongly
Dont know
(N)

15.4
47.3
25.8
6.0
5.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
15.1
45.5
27.2
6.5
5.7
(837)

Female
15.7
48.6
24.6
5.7
5.4
(1,124)

up to 29
13.5
50.6
25.4
6.0
4.6
(453)

Age
30-49
14.9
47.9
26.8
6.1
4.3
(817)

50 and more
17.2
44.4
24.7
5.9
7.7
(691)

V14.- I am now going to read out some statements about the environment. For each one read out, can you tell me whether
you agree strongly, agree, disagree or strongly disagree? (Read out each statement and code an answer for each)
The Government should reduce
TOTAL
Agree strongly
Agree
Disagree
Disagree strongly
Dont know
(N)

19.3
26.6
43.9
4.5
5.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
20.9
27.1
42.8
4.5
4.7
(837)

Female
18.1
26.2
44.7
4.4
6.6
(1,124)

up to 29
16.1
23.4
48.8
4.2
7.5
(453)

Age
30-49
19.7
26.8
45.4
3.9
4.2
(817)

50 and more
20.8
28.5
38.8
5.4
6.5
(691)

V15.- I am now going to read out some statements about the environment. For each one I read out, can you tell me whether
you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly? (Read out each statement and code an answer for each)
All the talk about pollutio
TOTAL
Agree strongly
Agree
Disagree
Disagree strongly
Dont know
(N)

6.4
18.9
50.0
20.6
4.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
6.3
18.6
49.2
22.7
3.1
(837)

Female
6.4
19.1
50.5
19.0
4.9
(1,124)

up to 29
6.0
15.9
50.1
24.1
4.0
(453)

Age
30-49
6.5
17.6
50.3
22.3
3.3
(817)

50 and more
6.5
22.4
49.5
16.4
5.2
(691)

V16.- I am now going to read out some statements about the environment. For each one I read out, can you tell me whether
you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly? (Read out each statement and code an answer for each)
If we want to combat unempl
TOTAL
Agree strongly
Agree
Disagree
Disagree strongly
Dont know
(N)

2.9
9.5
54.5
24.4
8.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
2.5
8.4
53.8
27.7
7.6
(837)

Female
3.2
10.4
55.0
21.9
9.5
(1,124)

up to 29
4.2
9.1
54.7
27.2
4.9
(453)

Age
30-49
2.7
8.4
55.8
26.3
6.7
(817)

50 and more
2.3
11.1
52.7
20.3
13.6
(691)

V17.- I am now going to read out some statements about the environment. For each one I read out, can you tell me whether
you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly?. (Read out each statement and code an answer for each)
Protecting the environment
TOTAL
Agree strongly
Agree
Disagree
Disagree strongly
Dont know
(N)

3.2
7.8
52.1
31.9
5.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
2.6
8.2
50.8
34.5
3.8
(837)

Female
3.6
7.5
53.0
30.0
5.9
(1,124)

up to 29
2.9
9.1
51.2
32.2
4.6
(453)

Age
30-49
3.1
6.2
54.0
32.4
4.3
(817)

50 and more
3.6
8.8
50.4
31.1
6.1
(691)

up to 29
5.1
47.2
32.5
1.5
13.7
(453)

Age
30-49
5.0
40.5
41.1
2.0
11.4
(817)

50 and more
5.8
40.1
42.4
6.5
5.2
(691)

V18.- Taking all things together, would you say you are:
TOTAL
Very happy
Rather happy
Not very happy
Not at all happy
Dont know
(N)

5.3
41.9
39.6
3.5
9.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
5.3
43.6
36.6
3.0
11.6
(837)

Female
5.3
40.7
41.8
3.8
8.4
(1,124)

V19.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and say...which, if any, do you
belong to?
Social welfare services for elderly, handicapped or deprived people
TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

2.2
97.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
2.3
97.7
(837)

Female
2.2
97.8
(1,124)

up to 29
0.9
99.1
(453)

Age
30-49
1.5
98.5
(817)

50 and more
4.1
95.9
(691)

V20.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and say...which, if any, do you
belong to?
Religious or church organisations
TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

1.2
98.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.8
99.2
(837)

Female
1.4
98.6
(1,124)

up to 29
0.2
99.8
(453)

Age
30-49
1.2
98.8
(817)

50 and more
1.7
98.3
(691)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V21.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and say...which, if any, do you
belong to?
Education, arts, music or cultural activities
TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

4.9
95.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
4.4
95.6
(837)

Female
5.3
94.7
(1,124)

up to 29
5.3
94.7
(453)

Age
30-49
6.0
94.0
(817)

50 and more
3.5
96.5
(691)

V22.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and say...which, if any, do you
belong to?
Labour unions
TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

61.7
38.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
65.1
34.9
(837)

Female
59.2
40.8
(1,124)

up to 29
63.1
36.9
(453)

Age
30-49
75.5
24.5
(817)

50 and more
44.4
55.6
(691)

V23.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and say...which, if any, do you
belong to?
Political parties or groups
TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

11.3
88.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
16.0
84.0
(837)

Female
7.7
92.3
(1,124)

up to 29
6.0
94.0
(453)

Age
30-49
13.0
87.0
(817)

50 and more
12.7
87.3
(691)

V24.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and say...which, if any, do you
belong to?
Local community action on issues like poverty, employment, housing, racial equality
TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

2.5
97.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
2.0
98.0
(837)

Female
2.8
97.2
(1,124)

up to 29
1.3
98.7
(453)

Age
30-49
2.6
97.4
(817)

50 and more
3.2
96.8
(691)

V25.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and say...which, if any, do you
belong to?
Third world development or human rights
TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

0.4
99.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.4
99.6
(837)

Female
0.4
99.6
(1,124)

up to 29
0.2
99.8
(453)

Age
30-49
0.5
99.5
(817)

50 and more
0.3
99.7
(691)

Page 2 of 92

V26.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and saywhich, if any, do you
belong to?
Conservation, environment groups
TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

1.7
98.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
2.0
98.0
(837)

Female
1.4
98.6
(1,124)

up to 29
0.9
99.1
(453)

Age
30-49
2.6
97.4
(817)

50 and more
1.2
98.8
(691)

V27.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and say...which, if any, do you
belong to?
Professional associations
TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

1.8
98.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
2.0
98.0
(837)

Female
1.6
98.4
(1,124)

up to 29
1.5
98.5
(453)

Age
30-49
2.4
97.6
(817)

50 and more
1.2
98.8
(691)

V28.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and say...which, if any, do you
belong to?
Youth work (e.g. scouts, guides, youth clubs etc.)
TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

3.0
97.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
3.0
97.0
(837)

Female
3.0
97.0
(1,124)

up to 29
3.8
96.2
(453)

Age
30-49
3.9
96.1
(817)

50 and more
1.4
98.6
(691)

V29.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and say...which, if any, do you
belong to?
Sports or recreation
TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

5.3
94.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
7.5
92.5
(837)

Female
3.6
96.4
(1,124)

up to 29
8.6
91.4
(453)

Age
30-49
5.9
94.1
(817)

50 and more
2.3
97.7
(691)

V30.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and say...which, if any, do you
belong to?
Women's groups
TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

2.2
97.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.7
99.3
(837)

Female
3.4
96.6
(1,124)

up to 29
0.9
99.1
(453)

Age
30-49
3.3
96.7
(817)

50 and more
1.9
98.1
(691)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V31.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and say...which, if any, do you
belong to?
Peace movement
TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

1.0
99.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.8
99.2
(837)

Female
1.2
98.8
(1,124)

up to 29
0.2
99.8
(453)

Age
30-49
1.0
99.0
(817)

50 and more
1.6
98.4
(691)

V32.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and saywhich, if any, do you
belong to?
Animal rights groups.
TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

1.1
98.9
(1,961)

Sex
Male
1.2
98.8
(837)

Female
1.0
99.0
(1,124)

up to 29
0.9
99.1
(453)

Age
30-49
1.2
98.8
(817)

50 and more
1.0
99.0
(691)

V33.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and say...which, if any, do you
belong to?
Voluntary organisations concerned with health
TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

1.0
99.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.4
99.6
(837)

Female
1.4
98.6
(1,124)

up to 29
0.9
99.1
(453)

Age
30-49
1.1
98.9
(817)

50 and more
0.9
99.1
(691)

V34.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and say...which, if any, do you
belong to?
Other groups
TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

2.2
97.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
2.2
97.8
(837)

Female
2.2
97.8
(1,124)

up to 29
1.1
98.9
(453)

Age
30-49
2.2
97.8
(817)

50 and more
2.9
97.1
(691)

V35.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and say...which, if any, do you
belong to?
Belong none
TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

25.6
74.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
21.6
78.4
(837)

Female
28.6
71.4
(1,124)

up to 29
25.4
74.6
(453)

Age
30-49
16.2
83.8
(817)

50 and more
36.9
63.1
(691)

V36.- MEMBER: DONT KNOW


TOTAL
Belongs
No
(N)

0.8
99.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.7
99.3
(837)

Female
0.9
99.1
(1,124)

up to 29
0.9
99.1
(453)

Age
30-49
0.9
99.1
(817)

50 and more
0.7
99.3
(691)

Age
30-49
0.9
99.1
(817)

50 and more
2.3
97.7
(691)

Age
30-49
0.7
99.3
(817)

50 and more
1.2
98.8
(691)

Age
30-49
3.7
96.3
(817)

50 and more
2.2
97.8
(691)

Age
30-49
10.6
89.4
(817)

50 and more
6.9
93.1
(691)

Age
30-49
5.4
94.6
(817)

50 and more
5.1
94.9
(691)

V37.- And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
Social welfare services for elderly, handicapped or deprived people
TOTAL
Works
No
(N)

1.3
98.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.8
99.2
(837)

Female
1.6
98.4
(1,124)

up to 29
0.4
99.6
(453)

V38.- And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
Religious or church organisations
TOTAL
Works
No
(N)

1.0
99.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.5
99.5
(837)

Female
1.3
98.7
(1,124)

up to 29
1.1
98.9
(453)

V39.- And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
Education, arts, music or cultural activities
TOTAL
Works
No
(N)

2.6
97.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
2.4
97.6
(837)

Female
2.8
97.2
(1,124)

up to 29
1.3
98.7
(453)

V40.- And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
Labor unions
TOTAL
Works
No
(N)

8.6
91.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
7.4
92.6
(837)

Female
9.5
90.5
(1,124)

up to 29
7.5
92.5
(453)

V41.- And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
Political parties or groups
TOTAL
Works
No
(N)

4.5
95.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
5.9
94.1
(837)

Female
3.6
96.4
(1,124)

up to 29
2.2
97.8
(453)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V42.- And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
Local community action on issues like poverty, employment, housing, racial equality
TOTAL
Works
No
(N)

2.0
98.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
1.8
98.2
(837)

Female
2.1
97.9
(1,124)

up to 29
0.4
99.6
(453)

Age
30-49
2.2
97.8
(817)

50 and more
2.7
97.3
(691)

Age
30-49
0.1
99.9
(817)

50 and more
0.4
99.6
(691)

Age
30-49
2.2
97.8
(817)

50 and more
1.0
99.0
(691)

Age
30-49
1.7
98.3
(817)

50 and more
0.3
99.7
(691)

Age
30-49
3.4
96.6
(817)

50 and more
1.7
98.3
(691)

Age
30-49
3.8
96.2
(817)

50 and more
0.9
99.1
(691)

V43.- And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
Third world development or human rights
TOTAL
Works
No
(N)

0.4
99.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.5
99.5
(837)

Female
0.3
99.7
(1,124)

up to 29
0.7
99.3
(453)

V44.- And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
Conservation, environmental, groups.
TOTAL
Works
No
(N)

1.4
98.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
1.3
98.7
(837)

Female
1.5
98.5
(1,124)

up to 29
0.7
99.3
(453)

V45.- And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
Professional associations
TOTAL
Works
No
(N)

0.9
99.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.7
99.3
(837)

Female
1.0
99.0
(1,124)

up to 29
0.2
99.8
(453)

V46.- And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
Youth work (scouts, guides, youth clubs, etc.)
TOTAL
Works
No
(N)

2.6
97.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
2.4
97.6
(837)

Female
2.8
97.2
(1,124)

up to 29
2.4
97.6
(453)

V47.- And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
Sports or recreation
TOTAL
Works
No
(N)

3.1
96.9
(1,961)

Sex
Male
5.0
95.0
(837)

Female
1.6
98.4
(1,124)

up to 29
5.1
94.9
(453)

Page 3 of 92

V48.- And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
Women's groups
TOTAL
Works
No
(N)

1.0
99.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.8
99.2
(837)

Female
1.2
98.8
(1,124)

up to 29
0.4
99.6
(453)

Age
30-49
1.6
98.4
(817)

50 and more
0.7
99.3
(691)

Age
30-49
1.6
98.4
(817)

50 and more
0.7
99.3
(691)

Age
30-49
0.6
99.4
(817)

50 and more
0.3
99.7
(691)

Age
30-49
0.7
99.3
(817)

50 and more
0.6
99.4
(691)

Age
30-49
2.6
97.4
(817)

50 and more
2.0
98.0
(691)

Age
30-49
63.3
36.7
(817)

50 and more
74.5
25.5
(691)

V49.- And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
Peace movement
TOTAL
Works
No
(N)

1.0
99.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.8
99.2
(837)

Female
1.2
98.8
(1,124)

up to 29
0.4
99.6
(453)

V50.- And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
Animal rights groups.
TOTAL
Works
No
(N)

0.7
99.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.6
99.4
(837)

Female
0.8
99.2
(1,124)

up to 29
1.5
98.5
(453)

V51.- And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
Voluntary organisations concerned with health
TOTAL
Works
No
(N)

0.8
99.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.2
99.8
(837)

Female
1.2
98.8
(1,124)

up to 29
1.3
98.7
(453)

V52.- And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
Other social groups
TOTAL
Works
No
(N)

2.3
97.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
2.4
97.6
(837)

Female
2.3
97.7
(1,124)

up to 29
2.4
97.6
(453)

V53.- And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
Unpaid work none
TOTAL
Works
No
(N)

68.8
31.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
69.3
30.7
(837)

Female
68.4
31.6
(1,124)

up to 29
70.0
30.0
(453)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V55.- Thinking about your reasons for doing voluntary work, please use the following five-point scale to indicate how
important each of the reasons below have been in your own case.
A sense of solidarity with the poor and disadvantaged
TOTAL
Not at all important
2
3
4
Very important
No answer
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

3.6
2.7
6.6
5.1
6.5
70.4
5.2
(1,961)
3.34
1.36
(479)

Sex
Male
3.7
2.7
6.9
5.9
4.8
70.8
5.1
(837)
3.22
1.32
(201)

Female
3.5
2.6
6.4
4.5
7.7
70.1
5.2
(1,124)
3.42
1.39
(278)

up to 29
4.2
2.4
7.3
5.3
4.0
71.7
5.1
(453)
3.10
1.32
(105)

Age
30-49
3.9
3.4
7.8
5.8
7.7
65.0
6.4
(817)
3.35
1.35
(234)

50 and more
2.7
1.9
4.8
4.2
6.7
76.0
3.8
(691)
3.50
1.39
(140)

V56.- Thinking about your reasons for doing voluntary work, please use the following five-point scale to indicate how
important each of the reasons below have been in your own case.
Compassion for those in need
TOTAL
import2
3
4
import+
No answer
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

2.0
2.7
5.8
6.4
8.1
70.4
4.6
(1,961)
3.64
1.26
(490)

Sex
Male
2.5
2.9
5.9
6.5
6.8
70.8
4.7
(837)
3.50
1.29
(205)

Female
1.7
2.5
5.7
6.4
9.1
70.1
4.5
(1,124)
3.74
1.23
(285)

up to 29
1.8
2.2
7.9
6.4
6.2
71.7
3.8
(453)
3.53
1.17
(111)

Age
30-49
2.4
4.0
6.2
7.3
9.1
65.0
5.9
(817)
3.57
1.29
(238)

50 and more
1.7
1.3
3.8
5.4
8.2
76.0
3.6
(691)
3.84
1.26
(141)

V57.- Thinking about your reasons for doing voluntary work, please use the following five-point scale to indicate how
important each of the reasons below have been in your own case.
An opportunity to repay something, give something back
TOTAL
import2
3
4
import+
No answer
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

4.2
2.5
4.7
4.1
7.7
70.4
6.4
(1,961)
3.37
1.48
(455)

Sex
Male
3.9
2.5
4.5
4.5
7.2
70.8
6.5
(837)
3.37
1.46
(190)

Female
4.4
2.5
4.8
3.8
8.1
70.1
6.3
(1,124)
3.37
1.50
(265)

up to 29
3.1
3.8
4.2
3.5
6.4
71.7
7.3
(453)
3.31
1.44
(95)

Age
30-49
5.8
3.2
5.4
4.8
9.3
65.0
6.6
(817)
3.31
1.52
(232)

50 and more
3.0
0.9
4.2
3.8
6.7
76.0
5.5
(691)
3.55
1.44
(128)

V58.- Thinking about your reasons for doing voluntary work, please use the following five-point scale to indicate how
important each of the reasons below have been in your own case.
A sense of duty, moral obligation
TOTAL
import2
3
4
import+
No answer
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

1.8
1.5
3.6
6.5
12.0
70.4
4.1
(1,961)
4.00
1.22
(499)

Sex
Male
1.9
1.4
2.7
7.9
10.3
70.8
4.9
(837)
3.96
1.22
(203)

Female
1.7
1.5
4.3
5.5
13.3
70.1
3.6
(1,124)
4.04
1.22
(296)

up to 29
1.8
2.6
4.2
5.7
9.3
71.7
4.6
(453)
3.77
1.29
(107)

Age
30-49
1.8
1.6
4.5
7.8
14.8
65.0
4.4
(817)
4.05
1.18
(250)

50 and more
1.7
0.6
2.2
5.5
10.6
76.0
3.5
(691)
4.10
1.22
(142)

V59.- Thinking about your reasons for doing voluntary work, please use the following five-point scale to indicate how
important each of the reasons below have been in your own case.
Identifying with people who were suffering
TOTAL
import2
3
4
import+
No answer
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

3.2
3.2
6.1
6.0
4.6
70.4
6.5
(1,961)
3.24
1.30
(452)

Sex
Male
4.1
3.6
6.3
6.3
2.5
70.8
6.3
(837)
2.98
1.26
(191)

Female
2.6
2.9
5.9
5.7
6.1
70.1
6.7
(1,124)
3.43
1.30
(261)

up to 29
3.3
4.4
7.1
3.8
3.3
71.7
6.4
(453)
2.97
1.27
(99)

Age
30-49
3.8
3.7
7.2
8.1
4.5
65.0
7.7
(817)
3.22
1.27
(223)

50 and more
2.5
1.9
4.1
4.9
5.5
76.0
5.2
(691)
3.48
1.35
(130)

V60.- Thinking about your reasons for doing voluntary work, please use the following five-point scale to indicate how
important each of the reasons below have been in your own case.
Time on my hands, wanted something worthwhile to do
TOTAL
import2
3
4
import+
No answer
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

5.1
2.9
3.9
6.2
6.6
70.4
4.9
(1,961)
3.26
1.48
(484)

Sex
Male
4.7
3.1
4.8
6.1
5.9
70.8
4.7
(837)
3.22
1.43
(205)

Female
5.4
2.7
3.3
6.2
7.2
70.1
5.1
(1,124)
3.29
1.52
(279)

up to 29
4.6
2.6
3.1
5.7
8.2
71.7
4.0
(453)
3.42
1.52
(110)

Age
30-49
6.5
3.5
5.4
6.6
6.7
65.0
6.2
(817)
3.12
1.48
(235)

50 and more
3.8
2.2
2.7
5.9
5.5
76.0
3.9
(691)
3.36
1.46
(139)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V61.- Thinking about your reasons for doing voluntary work, please use the following five-point scale to indicate how
important each of the reasons below have been in your own case.
Purely for personal satisfaction
TOTAL
import2
3
4
import+
No answer
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

10.4
3.2
4.2
3.6
3.1
70.4
5.2
(1,961)
2.42
1.47
(478)

Sex
Male
9.8
3.1
4.7
3.7
2.9
70.8
5.0
(837)
2.45
1.45
(202)

Female
10.8
3.2
3.8
3.6
3.2
70.1
5.3
(1,124)
2.40
1.48
(276)

up to 29
8.4
3.1
3.3
4.4
4.9
71.7
4.2
(453)
2.76
1.57
(109)

Age
30-49
13.2
3.4
5.0
3.9
2.8
65.0
6.6
(817)
2.28
1.42
(232)

50 and more
8.2
2.9
3.8
2.7
2.2
76.0
4.2
(691)
2.38
1.42
(137)

V62.- Thinking about your reasons for doing voluntary work, please use the following five-point scale to indicate how
important each of the reasons below have been in your own case.
Religious beliefs
TOTAL
import2
3
4
import+
No answer
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

16.1
3.2
1.8
1.5
1.7
70.4
5.3
(1,961)
1.75
1.25
(476)

Sex
Male
17.1
3.3
1.4
0.7
1.1
70.8
5.5
(837)
1.54
1.05
(198)

Female
15.3
3.0
2.1
2.0
2.2
70.1
5.2
(1,124)
1.90
1.36
(278)

up to 29
14.1
4.0
1.8
1.8
1.8
71.7
4.9
(453)
1.85
1.29
(106)

Age
30-49
19.6
3.3
2.3
1.2
1.6
65.0
7.0
(817)
1.64
1.16
(229)

50 and more
13.2
2.5
1.3
1.6
1.9
76.0
3.6
(691)
1.85
1.36
(141)

V63.- Thinking about your reasons for doing voluntary work, please use the following five-point scale to indicate how
important each of the reasons below have been in your own case.
To help give disadvantaged people hope and dignity
TOTAL
import2
3
4
import+
No answer
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

4.7
2.9
6.2
5.0
4.8
70.4
6.0
(1,961)
3.10
1.39
(463)

Sex
Male
5.4
3.1
5.7
5.0
3.7
70.8
6.2
(837)
2.94
1.39
(192)

Female
4.3
2.7
6.6
5.0
5.6
70.1
5.8
(1,124)
3.21
1.39
(271)

up to 29
4.0
3.5
7.3
4.2
4.2
71.7
5.1
(453)
3.05
1.33
(105)

Age
30-49
6.4
3.4
6.9
6.6
4.8
65.0
7.0
(817)
3.00
1.40
(229)

50 and more
3.3
1.7
4.8
3.6
5.2
76.0
5.4
(691)
3.30
1.43
(129)

Page 4 of 92

V64.- Thinking about your reasons for doing voluntary work, please use the following five-point scale to indicate how
important each of the reasons below have been in your own case.
To make a contribution to my local community
TOTAL
import2
3
4
import+
No answer
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

3.3
1.7
4.6
6.9
8.4
70.4
4.5
(1,961)
3.62
1.36
(491)

Sex
Male
3.2
1.6
5.0
8.2
6.7
70.8
4.4
(837)
3.55
1.31
(207)

Female
3.4
1.9
4.4
6.0
9.7
70.1
4.6
(1,124)
3.66
1.40
(284)

up to 29
4.6
1.8
5.1
6.4
6.8
71.7
3.5
(453)
3.37
1.44
(112)

Age
30-49
3.5
1.8
5.6
8.6
9.9
65.0
5.5
(817)
3.66
1.32
(241)

50 and more
2.2
1.6
3.2
5.4
7.7
76.0
4.1
(691)
3.74
1.34
(138)

V65.- Thinking about your reasons for doing voluntary work, please use the following five-point scale to indicate how
important each of the reasons below have been in your own case.
To bring about social or political change
TOTAL
import2
3
4
import+
No answer
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

3.6
1.8
4.0
6.0
9.8
70.4
4.4
(1,961)
3.66
1.42
(494)

Sex
Male
3.0
1.4
4.8
6.9
9.1
70.8
3.9
(837)
3.70
1.33
(211)

Female
4.0
2.1
3.5
5.2
10.3
70.1
4.7
(1,124)
3.63
1.48
(283)

up to 29
4.6
1.3
5.1
6.4
6.8
71.7
4.0
(453)
3.39
1.44
(110)

Age
30-49
3.7
2.1
4.4
8.0
11.6
65.0
5.3
(817)
3.73
1.37
(243)

50 and more
2.7
1.9
2.9
3.3
9.6
76.0
3.6
(691)
3.74
1.46
(141)

V66.- Thinking about your reasons for doing voluntary work, please use the following five-point scale to indicate how
important each of the reasons below have been in your own case.
For social reasons, to meet people
TOTAL
import2
3
4
import+
No answer
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

2.5
1.6
4.4
6.1
11.4
70.4
3.6
(1,961)
3.85
1.31
(509)

Sex
Male
2.3
1.8
5.4
6.5
9.3
70.8
3.9
(837)
3.74
1.27
(211)

Female
2.8
1.4
3.6
5.8
12.9
70.1
3.4
(1,124)
3.93
1.33
(298)

up to 29
3.3
1.8
3.8
5.1
10.8
71.7
3.5
(453)
3.74
1.43
(112)

Age
30-49
2.4
2.0
5.6
7.3
13.1
65.0
4.5
(817)
3.88
1.26
(249)

50 and more
2.2
1.0
3.3
5.2
9.7
76.0
2.6
(691)
3.90
1.31
(148)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V67.- Thinking about your reasons for doing voluntary work, please use the following five-point scale to indicate how
important each of the reasons below have been in your own case.
To gain new skills and useful experience
TOTAL
import2
3
4
import+
No answer
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

3.2
2.2
3.6
6.8
9.0
70.4
4.7
(1,961)
3.65
1.38
(487)

Sex
Male
2.6
1.8
4.9
7.2
7.9
70.8
4.8
(837)
3.65
1.29
(204)

Female
3.6
2.6
2.7
6.5
9.8
70.1
4.7
(1,124)
3.64
1.45
(283)

up to 29
2.0
1.8
3.8
6.0
11.3
71.7
3.5
(453)
3.92
1.27
(112)

Age
30-49
3.2
2.3
3.4
9.9
10.3
65.0
5.9
(817)
3.75
1.31
(238)

50 and more
4.1
2.5
3.8
3.6
5.9
76.0
4.2
(691)
3.25
1.51
(137)

V68.- Thinking about your reasons for doing voluntary work, please use the following five-point scale to indicate how
important each of the reasons below have been in your own case.
I did not want to, but could not refuse
TOTAL
import2
3
4
import+
No answer
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

10.1
3.0
4.5
2.9
2.3
70.4
6.8
(1,961)
2.30
1.40
(447)

Sex
Male
10.2
2.7
5.0
2.5
1.9
70.8
6.8
(837)
2.25
1.36
(187)

Female
10.1
3.2
4.1
3.1
2.6
70.1
6.8
(1,124)
2.34
1.43
(260)

up to 29
8.4
2.4
6.0
3.8
2.0
71.7
5.7
(453)
2.49
1.37
(102)

Age
30-49
12.0
3.9
5.0
2.7
2.9
65.0
8.4
(817)
2.27
1.41
(217)

50 and more
9.1
2.3
2.9
2.5
1.7
76.0
5.5
(691)
2.21
1.41
(128)

V69.- On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbors?
People with a criminal record
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

62.9
37.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
56.2
43.8
(837)

Female
68.0
32.0
(1,124)

up to 29
55.2
44.8
(453)

Age
30-49
61.3
38.7
(817)

50 and more
69.9
30.1
(691)

V70.- On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbors?
People of a different race
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

10.7
89.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
10.3
89.7
(837)

Female
11.0
89.0
(1,124)

up to 29
10.2
89.8
(453)

Age
30-49
9.4
90.6
(817)

50 and more
12.6
87.4
(691)

V71.- On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbors?
Left wing extremists
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

40.9
59.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
42.1
57.9
(837)

Female
40.1
59.9
(1,124)

up to 29
38.4
61.6
(453)

Age
30-49
41.7
58.3
(817)

50 and more
41.7
58.3
(691)

V72.- On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbors?
Heavy drinkers
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

81.6
18.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
74.4
25.6
(837)

Female
87.0
13.0
(1,124)

up to 29
81.9
18.1
(453)

Age
30-49
79.7
20.3
(817)

50 and more
83.8
16.2
(691)

V73.- On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbors?
Right wong extremists
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

40.5
59.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
43.2
56.8
(837)

Female
38.4
61.6
(1,124)

up to 29
37.7
62.3
(453)

Age
30-49
41.5
58.5
(817)

50 and more
41.1
58.9
(691)

V74.- On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbors?
People with large families
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

12.3
87.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
12.1
87.9
(837)

Female
12.5
87.5
(1,124)

up to 29
14.3
85.7
(453)

Age
30-49
9.7
90.3
(817)

50 and more
14.2
85.8
(691)

V75.- On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbors?
Emotionally unstable people
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

51.4
48.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
48.9
51.1
(837)

Female
53.2
46.8
(1,124)

up to 29
55.8
44.2
(453)

Age
30-49
50.2
49.8
(817)

50 and more
49.8
50.2
(691)

V76.- On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbors?
Musulmanes
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

15.5
84.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
14.3
85.7
(837)

Female
16.3
83.7
(1,124)

up to 29
17.2
82.8
(453)

Age
30-49
14.1
85.9
(817)

50 and more
15.9
84.1
(691)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V77.- On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbors?
Immigrants
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

11.8
88.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
10.8
89.2
(837)

Female
12.5
87.5
(1,124)

up to 29
9.9
90.1
(453)

Age
30-49
11.6
88.4
(817)

50 and more
13.2
86.8
(691)

V78.- On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbors?
Neighbors: People who have AIDS
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

68.0
32.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
63.2
36.8
(837)

Female
71.5
28.5
(1,124)

up to 29
59.2
40.8
(453)

Age
30-49
66.3
33.7
(817)

50 and more
75.7
24.3
(691)

V79.- On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbors?
Drug addicts
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

86.0
14.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
83.5
16.5
(837)

Female
87.9
12.1
(1,124)

up to 29
81.7
18.3
(453)

Age
30-49
86.7
13.3
(817)

50 and more
88.1
11.9
(691)

V80.- On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbors?
Homosexuals
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

80.5
19.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
79.3
20.7
(837)

Female
81.4
18.6
(1,124)

up to 29
80.4
19.6
(453)

Age
30-49
81.6
18.4
(817)

50 and more
79.3
20.7
(691)

V81.- On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbors?
Jews
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

12.5
87.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
15.1
84.9
(837)

Female
10.7
89.3
(1,124)

up to 29
13.7
86.3
(453)

Age
30-49
11.3
88.7
(817)

50 and more
13.3
86.7
(691)

V82.- On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbors?
Hindus
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

6.0
94.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
6.8
93.2
(837)

Female
5.3
94.7
(1,124)

up to 29
5.7
94.3
(453)

Age
30-49
5.8
94.2
(817)

50 and more
6.4
93.6
(691)

Page 5 of 92

V83.- All in all, how would you describe your state of health these days? Would you say it is... (READ OUT REVERSING
ORDER FOR ALTERNATE CONTACTS)
TOTAL
Very good
Good
Fair
Poor
Very poor
Dont know
(N)

3.7
21.9
54.6
15.1
2.2
2.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
5.9
28.0
51.7
10.6
1.4
2.4
(837)

Female
2.1
17.4
56.8
18.4
2.8
2.4
(1,124)

up to 29
5.5
40.2
45.9
5.7
0.2
2.4
(453)

Age
30-49
4.0
21.4
60.6
10.4
1.2
2.3
(817)

50 and more
2.2
10.6
53.3
26.8
4.8
2.5
(691)

V84.- We are interested in the way people are feeling these days. During the past few weeks, did you ever feel...(READ
OUT AND MARK ONE CODE FOR EACH STATEMENT)
Particularly excited or interested in something
TOTAL
Yes
No
(N)

39.3
60.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
42.4
57.6
(837)

Female
37.0
63.0
(1,124)

up to 29
50.1
49.9
(453)

Age
30-49
38.9
61.1
(817)

50 and more
32.7
67.3
(691)

V85.- We are interested in the way people are feeling these days. During the past few weeks, did you ever feel...(READ
OUT AND MARK ONE CODE FOR EACH STATEMENT)
So restless you couldn't sit long in a chair
TOTAL
Yes
No
(N)

31.9
68.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
29.2
70.8
(837)

Female
34.0
66.0
(1,124)

up to 29
34.0
66.0
(453)

Age
30-49
31.5
68.5
(817)

50 and more
31.1
68.9
(691)

V86.- We are interested in the way people are feeling these days. During the past few weeks, did you ever feel...(READ
OUT AND MARK ONE CODE FOR EACH STATEMENT)
Proud because someone had complimented you on something you had done
TOTAL
Yes
No
(N)

20.6
79.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
18.4
81.6
(837)

Female
22.2
77.8
(1,124)

up to 29
25.8
74.2
(453)

Age
30-49
19.2
80.8
(817)

50 and more
18.8
81.2
(691)

V87.- We are interested in the way people are feeling these days. During the past few weeks, did you ever feel...(READ
OUT AND MARK ONE CODE FOR EACH STATEMENT)
Very lonely or remote from other people
TOTAL
Yes
No
(N)

23.6
76.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
17.8
82.2
(837)

Female
27.9
72.1
(1,124)

up to 29
24.7
75.3
(453)

Age
30-49
21.2
78.8
(817)

50 and more
25.8
74.2
(691)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V88.- We are interested in the way people are feeling these days. During the past few weeks, did you ever feel...(READ
OUT AND MARK ONE CODE FOR EACH STATEMENT)
Pleased about having accomplished something
TOTAL
Yes
No
(N)

51.4
48.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
53.5
46.5
(837)

Female
49.7
50.3
(1,124)

up to 29
52.5
47.5
(453)

Age
30-49
54.6
45.4
(817)

50 and more
46.7
53.3
(691)

V89.- We are interested in the way people are feeling these days. During the past few weeks, did you ever feel...(READ
OUT AND MARK ONE CODE FOR EACH STATEMENT)
Bored
TOTAL
Yes
No
(N)

34.7
65.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
29.9
70.1
(837)

Female
38.3
61.7
(1,124)

up to 29
40.4
59.6
(453)

Age
30-49
31.1
68.9
(817)

50 and more
35.3
64.7
(691)

V90.- We are interested in the way people are feeling these days. During the past few weeks, did you ever feel...(READ
OUT AND MARK ONE CODE FOR EACH STATEMENT)
On top of the world/feeling that life is wonderful
TOTAL
Yes
No
(N)

14.2
85.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
13.0
87.0
(837)

Female
15.0
85.0
(1,124)

up to 29
19.6
80.4
(453)

Age
30-49
13.3
86.7
(817)

50 and more
11.6
88.4
(691)

V91.- We are interested in the way people are feeling these days. During the past few weeks, did you ever feel...(READ
OUT AND MARK ONE CODE FOR EACH STATEMENT)
Depressed or very unhappy
TOTAL
Yes
No
(N)

26.8
73.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
21.1
78.9
(837)

Female
31.0
69.0
(1,124)

up to 29
22.3
77.7
(453)

Age
30-49
27.1
72.9
(817)

50 and more
29.4
70.6
(691)

V92.- We are interested in the way people are feeling these days. During the past few weeks, did you ever feel...(READ
OUT AND MARK ONE CODE FOR EACH STATEMENT)
That things were going your way
TOTAL
Yes
No
(N)

50.5
49.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
51.6
48.4
(837)

Female
49.6
50.4
(1,124)

up to 29
58.1
41.9
(453)

Age
30-49
48.8
51.2
(817)

50 and more
47.5
52.5
(691)

V93.- We are interested in the way people are feeling these days. During the past few weeks, did you ever feel...(READ
OUT AND MARK ONE CODE FOR EACH STATEMENT)
Upset because somebody criticized you
TOTAL
Yes
No
(N)

25.8
74.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
22.3
77.7
(837)

Female
28.3
71.7
(1,124)

up to 29
27.4
72.6
(453)

Age
30-49
27.1
72.9
(817)

50 and more
23.2
76.8
(691)

V94.- Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you need to be very careful in dealing with
people?
TOTAL
Trusted
Careful
Dont know
(N)

34.7
58.0
7.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
34.9
57.9
7.2
(837)

Female
34.6
58.0
7.4
(1,124)

up to 29
32.5
59.6
7.9
(453)

Age
30-49
32.6
60.5
7.0
(817)

50 and more
38.8
54.0
7.2
(691)

V95.- Some people feel they have completely free choice and control over their lives, while other people feel that what they
do has no real effect on what happens to them. Please use this scale where 1 means "none at all" and 10 means "a great
deal" to indicate
TOTAL
None
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 a lot
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

4.5
3.0
5.0
7.3
18.5
11.6
12.4
13.5
6.1
11.7
6.4
(1,961)
6.23
2.44
(1,835)

Sex
Male
3.1
2.5
4.7
6.7
16.4
12.3
14.2
15.9
6.9
12.5
4.8
(837)
6.50
2.34
(797)

Female
5.5
3.4
5.2
7.7
20.0
11.1
11.0
11.7
5.5
11.0
7.7
(1,124)
6.03
2.49
(1,038)

up to 29
2.9
1.8
3.5
7.3
19.4
9.3
15.9
15.2
9.1
10.4
5.3
(453)
6.52
2.25
(429)

Age
30-49
4.2
2.4
4.8
6.7
19.1
13.8
12.6
13.5
6.0
13.0
3.9
(817)
6.33
2.39
(785)

50 and more
5.9
4.5
6.2
8.0
17.1
10.6
9.8
12.4
4.3
11.0
10.1
(691)
5.92
2.58
(621)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V96.- All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole these days? Please use this card to help with
your answer.
TOTAL
satisfy2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
satisfy+
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

7.8
3.6
10.9
9.5
22.7
12.1
10.4
10.5
3.5
6.4
2.6
(1,961)
5.37
2.40
(1,910)

Sex
Male
8.0
2.6
11.9
10.2
21.1
12.1
11.4
11.0
3.6
5.5
2.6
(837)
5.37
2.37
(815)

Female
7.7
4.4
10.1
9.1
23.9
12.2
9.6
10.1
3.4
7.0
2.6
(1,124)
5.38
2.42
(1,095)

up to 29
6.4
3.3
11.0
11.3
23.4
11.9
11.0
11.3
2.9
4.9
2.6
(453)
5.36
2.27
(441)

Age
30-49
7.5
3.9
11.1
9.3
24.6
12.4
10.2
10.0
3.5
5.0
2.4
(817)
5.30
2.32
(797)

50 and more
9.1
3.5
10.6
8.7
20.1
12.0
10.1
10.4
3.8
9.0
2.7
(691)
5.48
2.56
(672)

V97.- Why are there people in this country who live in need? Here are four possible reasons. Which one reason do you
consider to be most important?
First choice
TOTAL
Unlucky
Laziness
Injustice
Progress
Hone
Dont know
(N)

9.2
32.7
48.2
4.8
1.1
4.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
8.8
31.3
49.0
6.5
1.2
3.2
(837)

Female
9.4
33.8
47.6
3.6
1.0
4.5
(1,124)

up to 29
10.2
26.5
51.9
6.4
1.3
3.8
(453)

Age
30-49
8.4
28.4
53.4
4.8
0.7
4.3
(817)

50 and more
9.4
42.0
39.7
3.9
1.3
3.8
(691)

V98.- Why are there people in this country who live in need? Here are four possible reasons. Which one reason do you
consider to be most important?
Second choice
TOTAL
Unlucky
Laziness
Injustice
Progress
Hone
Dont know
(N)

16.7
26.6
27.0
12.5
3.2
14.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
15.7
27.4
28.2
12.3
2.9
13.6
(837)

Female
17.4
26.0
26.2
12.6
3.4
14.4
(1,124)

up to 29
19.4
30.0
26.5
10.8
2.2
11.0
(453)

Age
30-49
14.3
27.5
28.3
14.4
2.2
13.2
(817)

50 and more
17.7
23.2
25.9
11.3
4.9
17.1
(691)

Page 6 of 92

V99.- Here are some more aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you
personally think are important in a job?
Good pay
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

82.7
17.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
85.5
14.5
(837)

Female
80.5
19.5
(1,124)

up to 29
86.1
13.9
(453)

Age
30-49
86.4
13.6
(817)

50 and more
76.0
24.0
(691)

V100.- Here are some more aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you
personally think are important in a job?
Pleasant people to work with
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

71.3
28.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
73.0
27.0
(837)

Female
70.0
30.0
(1,124)

up to 29
75.1
24.9
(453)

Age
30-49
71.7
28.3
(817)

50 and more
68.3
31.7
(691)

V101.- Here are some more aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you
personally think are important in a job?
Not too much pressure
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

19.1
80.9
(1,961)

Sex
Male
17.8
82.2
(837)

Female
20.1
79.9
(1,124)

up to 29
22.7
77.3
(453)

Age
30-49
20.7
79.3
(817)

50 and more
14.9
85.1
(691)

V102.- Here are some more aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you
personally think are important in a job?
Good job security
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

38.2
61.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
36.0
64.0
(837)

Female
39.9
60.1
(1,124)

up to 29
36.9
63.1
(453)

Age
30-49
40.5
59.5
(817)

50 and more
36.3
63.7
(691)

V103.- Here are some more aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you
personally think are important in a job?
Good chances for promotion
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

17.2
82.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
19.0
81.0
(837)

Female
15.8
84.2
(1,124)

up to 29
20.1
79.9
(453)

Age
30-49
16.2
83.8
(817)

50 and more
16.5
83.5
(691)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V104.- Here are some more aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you
personally think are important in a job?
A job respected by people in general
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

40.0
60.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
40.1
59.9
(837)

Female
39.9
60.1
(1,124)

up to 29
33.1
66.9
(453)

Age
30-49
38.9
61.1
(817)

50 and more
45.7
54.3
(691)

V105.- Here are some more aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you
personally think are important in a job?
Good hours
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

46.3
53.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
38.1
61.9
(837)

Female
52.3
47.7
(1,124)

up to 29
48.8
51.2
(453)

Age
30-49
51.0
49.0
(817)

50 and more
38.9
61.1
(691)

V106.- Here are some more aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you
personally think are important in a job?
An opportunity to use initiative
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

28.5
71.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
33.9
66.1
(837)

Female
24.5
75.5
(1,124)

up to 29
28.7
71.3
(453)

Age
30-49
30.0
70.0
(817)

50 and more
26.6
73.4
(691)

V107.- Here are some more aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you
personally think are important in a job?
A useful job for society
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

48.0
52.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
48.4
51.6
(837)

Female
47.8
52.2
(1,124)

up to 29
41.7
58.3
(453)

Age
30-49
48.6
51.4
(817)

50 and more
51.5
48.5
(691)

V108.- Here are some more aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you
personally think are important in a job?
Generous holidays
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

42.7
57.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
40.0
60.0
(837)

Female
44.8
55.2
(1,124)

up to 29
46.6
53.4
(453)

Age
30-49
45.7
54.3
(817)

50 and more
36.8
63.2
(691)

V109.- Here are some more aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you
personally think are important in a job?
Meeting people
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

26.8
73.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
25.6
74.4
(837)

Female
27.8
72.2
(1,124)

up to 29
28.3
71.7
(453)

Age
30-49
26.6
73.4
(817)

50 and more
26.2
73.8
(691)

V110.- Here are some more aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you
personally think are important in a job?
A job in which you feel you can achieve something
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

27.6
72.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
32.0
68.0
(837)

Female
24.4
75.6
(1,124)

up to 29
33.8
66.2
(453)

Age
30-49
28.4
71.6
(817)

50 and more
22.7
77.3
(691)

V111.- Here are some more aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you
personally think are important in a job?
A responsible job
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

20.6
79.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
22.0
78.0
(837)

Female
19.5
80.5
(1,124)

up to 29
15.0
85.0
(453)

Age
30-49
21.8
78.2
(817)

50 and more
22.7
77.3
(691)

V112.- Here are some more aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you
personally think are important in a job?
A job that is interesting
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

66.9
33.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
67.3
32.7
(837)

Female
66.5
33.5
(1,124)

up to 29
74.6
25.4
(453)

Age
30-49
67.9
32.1
(817)

50 and more
60.5
39.5
(691)

V113.- Here are some more aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you
personally think are important in a job?
A job that meets one's abilities
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

54.4
45.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
52.7
47.3
(837)

Female
55.6
44.4
(1,124)

up to 29
56.1
43.9
(453)

Age
30-49
57.0
43.0
(817)

50 and more
50.1
49.9
(691)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V114.- Here are some more aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you
personally think are important in a job?
None of these
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

1.4
98.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
1.2
98.8
(837)

Female
1.6
98.4
(1,124)

up to 29
0.4
99.6
(453)

Age
30-49
1.6
98.4
(817)

50 and more
1.9
98.1
(691)

V115.- How much pride, if any, do you take in the work that you do? (Read out)

Russia 1990(N=1961)
Comments:
Filtered by V358 equal to 1 ("Employed: 30+ hours") or 2 ("Employed: <30 hours") or 3 ("Self
Employed")
TOTAL
a lot
some
little
none
Dont know
(N)

17.9
42.3
16.5
19.0
4.3
(1,350)

Sex
Male
19.7
41.0
17.5
16.7
5.0
(634)

Female
16.3
43.4
15.6
20.9
3.6
(716)

up to 29
13.0
43.9
16.9
22.3
4.0
(301)

Age
30-49
16.2
43.2
16.8
19.8
4.0
(733)

50 and more
26.6
38.6
15.5
13.9
5.4
(316)

V116.- Overall, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your job?

Russia 1990(N=1961)
Comments:
Filtered by V358 equal to 1 ("Employed: 30+ hours") or 2 ("Employed: <30 hours") or 3 ("Self
Employed")
TOTAL
Satisfy2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Satisfy+
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

5.0
2.7
5.7
8.4
18.1
10.1
13.5
14.7
6.5
13.3
2.0
(1,350)
6.28
2.49
(1,323)

Sex
Male
3.9
2.2
6.3
8.5
17.7
10.7
13.7
16.1
6.8
11.8
2.2
(634)
6.32
2.40
(620)

Female
6.0
3.1
5.2
8.4
18.4
9.6
13.3
13.4
6.3
14.5
1.8
(716)
6.24
2.57
(703)

up to 29
6.6
4.0
3.3
9.6
20.9
9.6
14.0
13.6
7.0
8.3
3.0
(301)
5.96
2.46
(292)

Age
30-49
4.8
2.5
7.2
8.7
17.5
10.5
14.6
15.6
4.6
12.6
1.5
(733)
6.20
2.45
(722)

50 and more
4.1
1.9
4.4
6.6
16.8
9.8
10.4
13.6
10.4
19.6
2.2
(316)
6.78
2.54
(309)

Page 7 of 92

V117.- How free are you to make decisions in your job?

Russia 1990(N=1961)
Comments:
Filtered by V358 equal to 1 ("Employed: 30+ hours") or 2 ("Employed: <30 hours") or 3 ("Self
Employed")
TOTAL
None
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A lot
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

12.1
6.4
9.8
6.8
13.7
8.0
10.4
11.9
6.1
9.9
4.9
(1,350)
5.47
2.86
(1,284)

Sex
Male
9.6
6.0
9.9
7.4
14.2
8.4
10.7
11.8
7.1
10.4
4.4
(634)
5.65
2.80
(606)

Female
14.2
6.7
9.6
6.3
13.3
7.7
10.1
12.0
5.3
9.5
5.3
(716)
5.32
2.91
(678)

up to 29
13.0
6.3
11.3
9.6
14.6
6.3
11.0
7.6
6.0
7.6
6.6
(301)
5.11
2.79
(281)

Age
30-49
11.2
5.5
10.1
6.8
13.5
8.3
10.8
13.5
6.0
10.2
4.1
(733)
5.60
2.83
(703)

50 and more
13.3
8.5
7.6
4.1
13.3
8.9
8.9
12.3
6.6
11.4
5.1
(316)
5.52
2.99
(300)

V118.- Here are some statements about why people work. Irrespective of whether you have a job, or not, which of them
comes closest to what you think?
Work is like a business transaction. The more I get paid, the more I do; the less I get paid, the less I do
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

23.2
76.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
35.0
65.0
(837)

Female
14.4
85.6
(1,124)

up to 29
31.6
68.4
(453)

Age
30-49
25.1
74.9
(817)

50 and more
15.5
84.5
(691)

V119.- Here are some statements about why people work. Irrespective of whether you have a job, or not, which of them
comes closest to what you think?
I will always do the best I can, regardless of pay
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

36.2
63.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
31.2
68.8
(837)

Female
39.9
60.1
(1,124)

up to 29
19.2
80.8
(453)

Age
30-49
34.5
65.5
(817)

50 and more
49.2
50.8
(691)

V120.- Here are some statements about why people work. Irrespective of whether you have a job, or not, which of them
comes closest to what you think?
Working for a living is a necessity; I wouldn't work if I didn't have to
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

29.3
70.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
23.3
76.7
(837)

Female
33.7
66.3
(1,124)

up to 29
33.6
66.4
(453)

Age
30-49
32.1
67.9
(817)

50 and more
23.2
76.8
(691)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V121.- Here are some statements about why people work. Irrespective of whether you have a job, or not, which of them
comes closest to what you think?
I enjoy working but I don't let it interfere with the rest of my life
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

22.4
77.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
20.3
79.7
(837)

Female
24.0
76.0
(1,124)

up to 29
30.9
69.1
(453)

Age
30-49
24.7
75.3
(817)

50 and more
14.2
85.8
(691)

V122.- Here are some statements about why people work. Irrespective of whether you have a job, or not, which of them
comes closest to what you think?
I enjoy working but I don't let it interfere with the rest of my life
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

14.0
86.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
14.8
85.2
(837)

Female
13.4
86.6
(1,124)

up to 29
6.4
93.6
(453)

Age
30-49
10.9
89.1
(817)

50 and more
22.7
77.3
(691)

V123.- Here are some statements about why people work. Irrespective of whether you have a job, or not, which of them
comes closest to what you think?
I never had a paid job
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

0.4
99.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.4
99.6
(837)

Female
0.4
99.6
(1,124)

up to 29
1.3
98.7
(453)

Age
30-49
100.0
(817)

50 and more
0.3
99.7
(691)

V124.- Here are some statements about why people work. Irrespective of whether you have a job, or not, which of them
comes closest to what you think?
Don't know
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

3.3
96.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
2.9
97.1
(837)

Female
3.6
96.4
(1,124)

up to 29
3.1
96.9
(453)

Age
30-49
2.9
97.1
(817)

50 and more
3.8
96.2
(691)

V125.- Imagine two secretaries, of the same age, doing practically the same job. One finds out that the other earns
considerably more than she does. The better paid secretary, however, is quicker, more efficient and more reliable at her
job. In your opinion, is
TOTAL
Fair
Unfair
Dont know
(N)

90.6
5.8
3.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
91.4
5.5
3.1
(837)

Female
90.0
6.0
3.9
(1,124)

up to 29
93.4
3.5
3.1
(453)

Age
30-49
92.4
5.6
2.0
(817)

50 and more
86.7
7.5
5.8
(691)

V126.- There is a lot of discussion about how business and industry should be managed. Which of these four statements
comes closest to your opinion?
TOTAL
Own run
Particip
State
Emp own
Dont know
(N)

10.2
16.4
10.9
52.8
9.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
13.5
16.7
11.5
52.3
6.0
(837)

Female
7.8
16.2
10.5
53.1
12.4
(1,124)

up to 29
14.6
21.0
3.5
54.5
6.4
(453)

Age
30-49
11.0
16.0
11.0
56.1
5.9
(817)

50 and more
6.5
13.9
15.6
47.8
16.2
(691)

V127.- People have different ideas about following instructions at work. Some say that one should follow one's superior's
instructions even when one does not fully agree with them. Others say that one should follow one's superior's instructions
only when one is
TOTAL
Follow
Depends
Convince
Dont know
(N)

18.1
24.4
54.2
3.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
17.8
28.2
51.6
2.4
(837)

Female
18.3
21.5
56.1
4.0
(1,124)

up to 29
12.8
28.3
55.6
3.3
(453)

Age
30-49
14.3
27.7
55.3
2.7
(817)

50 and more
26.0
17.9
52.0
4.1
(691)

Age
30-49
36.1
4.0
55.6
4.3
(817)

50 and more
39.5
6.5
47.9
6.1
(691)

V128.- Do you agree or disagree with the following statements?


When jobs are scarce, men should have more right to a job than women
TOTAL
Agree
Neither
Disagree
Dont know
(N)

37.9
5.3
51.6
5.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
43.6
6.9
44.3
5.1
(837)

Female
33.7
4.0
57.0
5.2
(1,124)

up to 29
38.9
5.5
50.1
5.5
(453)

V129.- Do you agree or disagree with the following statements?


When jobs are scarce, older people should be forced to retire from work early
TOTAL
Agree
Neither
Disagree
Dont know
(N)

59.9
4.2
29.1
6.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
57.2
5.4
31.7
5.7
(837)

Female
61.8
3.4
27.1
7.7
(1,124)

up to 29
57.8
4.9
29.4
7.9
(453)

Age
30-49
64.7
4.0
24.7
6.5
(817)

50 and more
55.4
4.1
34.0
6.5
(691)

V130.- Do you agree or disagree with the following statements?


When jobs are scarce, employers should give priority to [NATION] people over immigrants
TOTAL
Agree
Neither
Disagree
Dont know
(N)

59.0
6.0
29.2
5.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
56.5
6.8
31.5
5.1
(837)

Female
60.9
5.4
27.5
6.2
(1,124)

up to 29
60.5
3.5
30.2
5.7
(453)

Age
30-49
54.2
8.1
31.7
6.0
(817)

50 and more
63.7
5.2
25.6
5.5
(691)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V131.- Do you agree or disagree with the following statements?


It is unfair to give work to handicapped people when ablebodied people can't find jobs
TOTAL
Agree
Neither
Disagree
Dont know
(N)

37.9
7.8
43.7
10.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
38.5
8.1
44.2
9.2
(837)

Female
37.5
7.6
43.3
11.6
(1,124)

up to 29
34.0
7.5
46.1
12.4
(453)

Age
30-49
34.9
9.1
46.4
9.7
(817)

50 and more
44.1
6.5
38.9
10.4
(691)

V132.- How satisfied are you with the financial situation of your household? If '1' means you are completely dissatisfied on
this scale, and '10' means you are completely satisfied, where would you put your satisfaction with your household's
financial situation?
TOTAL
Satisfy2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Satisfy+
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

12.4
5.7
11.7
10.2
19.5
11.4
8.9
8.6
2.9
6.4
2.4
(1,961)
4.98
2.56
(1,914)

Sex
Male
10.9
4.9
12.1
11.7
18.9
12.1
9.3
8.7
3.0
5.7
2.7
(837)
5.04
2.48
(814)

Female
13.5
6.3
11.4
9.2
19.9
10.9
8.5
8.5
2.8
6.9
2.1
(1,124)
4.94
2.61
(1,100)

up to 29
15.5
6.2
15.7
11.9
13.9
10.6
7.9
8.8
2.4
5.1
2.0
(453)
4.64
2.58
(444)

Age
30-49
13.6
6.4
12.9
9.5
19.2
12.0
9.1
7.6
2.0
5.8
2.1
(817)
4.80
2.53
(800)

50 and more
9.0
4.6
7.7
10.0
23.4
11.1
9.3
9.6
4.2
8.1
3.0
(691)
5.42
2.52
(670)

V133.- How often, if at all, do you think about the meaning and purpose of life? (Read out in reverse order for alternate
contacts)
TOTAL
Often
At times
Rarely
Never
Dont know
(N)

40.2
37.0
14.7
6.5
1.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
35.0
40.0
16.4
6.9
1.7
(837)

Female
44.0
34.7
13.5
6.2
1.5
(1,124)

up to 29
38.4
41.1
15.0
4.6
0.9
(453)

Age
30-49
42.1
38.8
13.7
4.0
1.3
(817)

50 and more
39.1
32.1
15.8
10.7
2.3
(691)

up to 29
9.5
34.9
33.8
20.8
1.1
(453)

Age
30-49
13.6
35.6
31.5
18.2
1.1
(817)

50 and more
28.9
35.3
19.5
14.5
1.7
(691)

V134.- Do you ever think about death? Would you say ...
TOTAL
Often
At times
Rarely
Never
Dont know
(N)

18.1
35.3
27.8
17.5
1.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
10.4
35.8
31.3
20.5
1.9
(837)

Female
23.8
35.0
25.2
15.2
0.9
(1,124)

Page 8 of 92

V135.- I am going to read out a list of statements about the meaning of life. Please indicate whether you agree or disagree
with each of them. (Read out in reverse order for alternate contacts)
Life is meaningful only because God exists
TOTAL
Agree
Neither
Disagree
Dont know
(N)

19.7
9.9
57.5
12.9
(1,961)

Sex
Male
12.7
9.2
66.2
11.9
(837)

Female
25.0
10.5
51.0
13.5
(1,124)

up to 29
11.9
10.6
64.2
13.2
(453)

Age
30-49
14.7
9.5
62.9
12.9
(817)

50 and more
30.8
10.0
46.6
12.6
(691)

V136.- I am going to read out a list of statements about the meaning of life. Please indicate whether you agree or disagree
with each of them. (Read out in reverse order for alternate contacts)
The meaning of life is that you try to get the best out
TOTAL
Agree
Neither
Disagree
Dont know
(N)

31.8
8.9
50.6
8.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
38.5
10.3
43.0
8.2
(837)

Female
26.8
7.8
56.3
9.1
(1,124)

up to 29
38.4
9.3
43.9
8.4
(453)

Age
30-49
30.8
9.7
49.9
9.5
(817)

50 and more
28.5
7.7
55.9
8.0
(691)

V137.- I am going to read out a list of statements about the meaning of life. Please indicate whether you agree or disagree
with each of them. (Read out in reverse order for alternate contacts)
Death is inevitable, it is pointless to worry about
TOTAL
Agree
Neither
Disagree
Dont know
(N)

68.1
3.7
20.2
8.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
66.5
3.6
22.1
7.8
(837)

Female
69.3
3.7
18.9
8.1
(1,124)

up to 29
68.2
3.8
21.4
6.6
(453)

Age
30-49
66.3
4.7
20.9
8.1
(817)

50 and more
70.2
2.5
18.7
8.7
(691)

V138.- I am going to read out a list of statements about the meaning of life. Please indicate whether you agree or disagree
with each of them. (Read out in reverse order for alternate contacts)
Death has a meaning only if you believe in God
TOTAL
Agree
Neither
Disagree
Dont know
(N)

18.1
7.4
57.4
17.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
14.3
6.9
62.5
16.2
(837)

Female
20.9
7.8
53.6
17.6
(1,124)

up to 29
16.8
5.7
60.5
17.0
(453)

Age
30-49
13.8
7.6
62.1
16.5
(817)

50 and more
24.0
8.4
49.9
17.7
(691)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V139.- I am going to read out a list of statements about the meaning of life. Please indicate whether you agree or disagree
with each of them. (Read out in reverse order for alternate contacts)
If you have lived your life, death is a natural resting point
TOTAL
Agree
Neither
Disagree
Dont know
(N)

85.2
1.9
5.3
7.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
83.4
2.4
6.6
7.6
(837)

Female
86.6
1.5
4.4
7.6
(1,124)

up to 29
80.6
2.4
8.2
8.8
(453)

Age
30-49
85.8
1.6
5.1
7.5
(817)

50 and more
87.6
1.9
3.6
6.9
(691)

V140.- I am going to read out a list of statements about the meaning of life. Please indicate whether you agree or disagree
with each of them. (Read out in reverse order for alternate contacts)
In my opinion, sorrow and suffering only have meaning if you believ
TOTAL
Agree
Neither
Disagree
Dont know
(N)

14.7
6.8
62.7
15.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
10.9
6.7
67.9
14.6
(837)

Female
17.5
6.9
58.9
16.7
(1,124)

up to 29
10.8
7.1
69.1
13.0
(453)

Age
30-49
11.4
5.6
68.4
14.6
(817)

50 and more
21.1
8.0
51.8
19.1
(691)

V141.- I am going to read out a list of statements about the meaning of life. Please indicate whether you agree or disagree
with each of them. (Read out in reverse order for alternate contacts)
Life has no meaning
TOTAL
Agree
Neither
Disagree
Dont know
(N)

4.5
2.5
85.0
8.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
4.7
2.7
84.8
7.8
(837)

Female
4.4
2.4
85.1
8.1
(1,124)

up to 29
6.0
2.4
84.5
7.1
(453)

Age
30-49
4.2
3.1
86.0
6.7
(817)

50 and more
3.9
2.0
84.1
10.0
(691)

V142.- Here are two statements which people sometimes make when discussing good and evil. Which one comes closest
to your own point of view?
A. There are absolutely clear guidelines about what is good and evil. These always apply to everyone, whatever the circu
TOTAL
Guideline
Neither
Circumstance
Dont know
(N)

27.5
5.6
56.2
10.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
27.1
6.5
58.2
8.2
(837)

Female
27.8
4.9
54.8
12.5
(1,124)

up to 29
23.2
4.6
63.6
8.6
(453)

Age
30-49
26.8
7.2
56.9
9.1
(817)

50 and more
31.3
4.2
50.7
13.9
(691)

up to 29
30.9
59.8
9.3
(453)

Age
30-49
27.3
63.9
8.8
(817)

50 and more
44.4
48.2
7.4
(691)

V143.- Do you belong to a religious denomination?


TOTAL
yes
no
Dont know
(N)

34.2
57.4
8.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
25.4
65.9
8.6
(837)

Female
40.7
51.1
8.3
(1,124)

V144.- Religious denomination


WVS: Do you belong to a religious denomination? In case you do, answer which one.
EVS: Which one?
TOTAL
None
Baptist
Jew
Orthodox
Other
(N)

65.8
0.3
0.2
27.9
5.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
74.6
0.4
0.5
19.5
5.1
(837)

Female
59.3
0.2
34.2
6.3
(1,124)

up to 29
69.1
0.2
0.4
21.2
9.1
(453)

Age
30-49
72.7
0.2
22.2
4.9
(817)

50 and more
55.6
0.6
39.1
4.8
(691)

up to 29
95.6
0.9
0.2
3.3
(453)

Age
30-49
95.7
1.6
2.7
(817)

50 and more
97.1
1.9
1.0
(691)

up to 29
7.1
89.4
3.5
(453)

Age
30-49
11.5
86.7
1.8
(817)

50 and more
33.7
64.5
1.7
(691)

V145.- Which one is your former religious denomination?


TOTAL
No, not a member
Orthodox
Baptist
Other
(N)

96.2
1.5
0.1
2.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
95.9
1.2
0.1
2.7
(837)

Female
96.4
1.8
1.9
(1,124)

V146.- Were you brought up religiously at home?


TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

18.3
79.5
2.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
15.5
82.9
1.6
(837)

Female
20.4
77.0
2.7
(1,124)

V147.- Apart from weddings, funerals and christenings, about how often do you attend religious services these days?
TOTAL
once+/wk
once/wk
once/mo
xmas/eas
holidays
once/yr
Less
Never
(N)

0.8
1.0
4.1
4.8
3.1
10.0
17.1
59.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.5
0.8
1.8
3.9
1.2
8.5
14.8
68.5
(837)

Female
1.1
1.2
5.9
5.4
4.4
11.2
18.8
52.0
(1,124)

up to 29
0.2
0.4
3.3
5.3
1.3
10.8
18.5
60.0
(453)

Age
30-49
0.5
0.2
2.8
3.9
2.6
10.3
17.1
62.5
(817)

50 and more
1.6
2.3
6.2
5.5
4.8
9.3
16.1
54.3
(691)

V148.- Do you personally think it is important to hold a religious service for any of the following events?
Birth
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

67.4
19.4
13.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
57.7
26.3
16.0
(837)

Female
74.6
14.3
11.1
(1,124)

up to 29
65.6
18.8
15.7
(453)

Age
30-49
62.9
21.4
15.7
(817)

50 and more
73.8
17.5
8.7
(691)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V149.- Do you personally think it is important to hold a religious service for any of the following events?
Marriage
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

52.0
31.5
16.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
46.4
36.9
16.7
(837)

Female
56.2
27.5
16.3
(1,124)

up to 29
48.6
34.0
17.4
(453)

Age
30-49
46.3
34.0
19.7
(817)

50 and more
61.1
26.9
12.0
(691)

V150.- Do you personally think it is important to hold a religious service for any of the following events?
Death
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

63.8
22.0
14.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
55.7
28.3
16.0
(837)

Female
69.9
17.3
12.7
(1,124)

up to 29
65.1
20.3
14.6
(453)

Age
30-49
59.6
23.9
16.5
(817)

50 and more
68.0
21.0
11.0
(691)

V151.- Independently of whether you go to church or not, would you say you are(Read out)
TOTAL
Yes
No
Athest
Dont know
(N)

51.9
34.2
6.6
7.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
36.7
44.7
10.5
8.1
(837)

Female
63.3
26.3
3.7
6.7
(1,124)

up to 29
48.6
35.8
6.2
9.5
(453)

Age
30-49
45.3
39.5
5.9
9.3
(817)

50 and more
61.9
26.8
7.8
3.5
(691)

V152.- Generally speaking, do you think that the churches in your country are giving adequate answers to ...((Read out and
code one answer for each))
The moral problems and needs of the individual

Russia 1990(N=1961)
Comments:
Filtered by V151 equal to 1 ("Yes")
TOTAL
Yes
No
Not applicable
Dont know
(N)

37.2
5.2
48.1
9.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
27.6
3.1
63.3
6.0
(837)

Female
44.3
6.8
36.7
12.2
(1,124)

up to 29
32.7
7.5
51.4
8.4
(453)

Age
30-49
31.3
5.8
54.7
8.2
(817)

50 and more
47.0
3.0
38.1
11.9
(691)

Page 9 of 92

V153.- Generally speaking, do you think that the churches in your country are giving adequate answers to ...((Read out and
code one answer for each))
The problems of family life

Russia 1990(N=1961)
Comments:
Filtered by V151 equal to 1 ("Yes")
TOTAL
Yes
No
Not applicable
Dont know
(N)

30.5
10.7
48.1
10.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
21.7
7.9
63.3
7.0
(837)

Female
37.0
12.8
36.7
13.4
(1,124)

up to 29
23.6
14.8
51.4
10.2
(453)

Age
30-49
24.0
12.0
54.7
9.3
(817)

50 and more
42.7
6.5
38.1
12.7
(691)

V154.- Generally speaking, do you think that the churches in your country are giving adequate answers to ...((Read out and
code one answer for each))
People's spiritual needs

Russia 1990(N=1961)
Comments:
Filtered by V151 equal to 1 ("Yes")
TOTAL
Yes
No
Not applicable
Dont know
(N)

39.6
3.5
48.1
8.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
27.8
2.9
63.3
6.0
(837)

Female
48.4
4.0
36.7
10.9
(1,124)

up to 29
35.1
5.1
51.4
8.4
(453)

Age
30-49
35.0
3.2
54.7
7.1
(817)

50 and more
48.0
2.9
38.1
11.0
(691)

V155.- Generally speaking, do you think that the churches in your country are giving adequate answers to ...((Read out and
code one answer for each))
The social problems facing our country today

Russia 1990(N=1961)
Comments:
Filtered by V151 equal to 1 ("Yes")
TOTAL
Yes
No
Not applicable
Dont know
(N)

22.2
15.0
48.1
14.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
15.2
12.4
63.3
9.1
(837)

Female
27.4
16.9
36.7
19.0
(1,124)

up to 29
16.3
18.5
51.4
13.7
(453)

Age
30-49
18.7
15.1
54.7
11.5
(817)

50 and more
30.1
12.6
38.1
19.2
(691)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

V156.- Do you think it is proper for churches to speak out on:


Disarmament
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

76.9
9.9
13.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
76.5
10.9
12.7
(837)

Female
77.2
9.3
13.5
(1,124)

up to 29
78.4
8.6
13.0
(453)

Age
30-49
78.3
10.6
11.0
(817)

50 and more
74.2
10.0
15.8
(691)

up to 29
48.6
28.5
23.0
(453)

Age
30-49
49.0
29.0
22.0
(817)

50 and more
54.8
19.5
25.6
(691)

up to 29
43.0
20.1
36.9
(453)

Age
30-49
46.4
19.1
34.5
(817)

50 and more
41.2
17.4
41.4
(691)

up to 29
45.3
32.0
22.7
(453)

Age
30-49
53.5
25.8
20.7
(817)

50 and more
63.1
15.1
21.9
(691)

up to 29
57.8
17.7
24.5
(453)

Age
30-49
60.5
17.3
22.3
(817)

50 and more
59.3
14.6
26.0
(691)

V157.- Do you think it is proper for churches to speak out on:


Abortion
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

50.9
25.5
23.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
49.6
25.9
24.5
(837)

Female
52.0
25.3
22.8
(1,124)

V158.- Do you think it is proper for churches to speak out on:


Third World problems
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

43.8
18.7
37.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
46.5
21.0
32.5
(837)

Female
41.8
17.0
41.2
(1,124)

V159.- Do you think it is proper for churches to speak out on:


Extramarital affairs
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

55.0
23.5
21.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
52.4
25.4
22.1
(837)

Female
56.9
22.0
21.2
(1,124)

V160.- Do you think it is proper for churches to speak out on:


Unemployment
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

59.5
16.4
24.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
58.2
18.0
23.8
(837)

Female
60.4
15.2
24.4
(1,124)

v.2014.04.18

V161.- Do you think it is proper for churches to speak out on:


Racial discrimination
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

61.0
13.5
25.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
62.8
14.9
22.2
(837)

Female
59.7
12.4
27.9
(1,124)

up to 29
59.4
17.0
23.6
(453)

Age
30-49
65.2
12.0
22.8
(817)

50 and more
57.2
12.9
30.0
(691)

up to 29
48.6
26.5
24.9
(453)

Age
30-49
47.7
25.2
27.1
(817)

50 and more
47.0
25.2
27.8
(691)

up to 29
46.1
28.7
25.2
(453)

Age
30-49
50.7
23.9
25.5
(817)

50 and more
47.8
20.8
31.4
(691)

up to 29
80.1
5.7
14.1
(453)

Age
30-49
82.0
5.1
12.9
(817)

50 and more
78.4
6.1
15.5
(691)

up to 29
50.6
25.2
24.3
(453)

Age
30-49
55.4
23.0
21.5
(817)

50 and more
53.3
19.2
27.5
(691)

V162.- Do you think it is proper for churches to speak out on:


Euthanasia
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

47.7
25.5
26.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
47.1
26.9
26.0
(837)

Female
48.1
24.5
27.4
(1,124)

V163.- Do you think it is proper for churches to speak out on:


Homosexuality
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

48.6
23.9
27.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
48.9
25.0
26.2
(837)

Female
48.4
23.1
28.5
(1,124)

V164.- Do you think it is proper for churches to speak out on:


Ecology and environmental issues
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

80.3
5.6
14.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
78.3
7.8
14.0
(837)

Female
81.9
4.0
14.1
(1,124)

V165.- Do you think it is proper for churches to speak out on:


Government policy
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

53.5
22.2
24.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
50.3
27.6
22.1
(837)

Female
56.0
18.1
25.9
(1,124)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V166.- Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? ((Read out and code one answer for each))
God
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

35.2
45.2
19.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
22.0
59.7
18.3
(837)

Female
45.1
34.4
20.5
(1,124)

up to 29
30.0
49.7
20.3
(453)

Age
30-49
27.5
49.7
22.8
(817)

50 and more
47.8
37.0
15.2
(691)

V167.- Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? ((Read out and code one answer for each))
Life after death
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

17.4
64.6
18.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
11.8
71.7
16.5
(837)

Female
21.6
59.3
19.0
(1,124)

up to 29
15.5
67.5
17.0
(453)

Age
30-49
13.3
69.4
17.3
(817)

50 and more
23.6
57.0
19.4
(691)

V168.- Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? ((Read out and code one answer for each))
People have a soul
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

44.5
37.9
17.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
37.5
46.1
16.4
(837)

Female
49.6
31.8
18.6
(1,124)

up to 29
48.8
35.8
15.5
(453)

Age
30-49
42.2
38.9
18.8
(817)

50 and more
44.3
38.1
17.7
(691)

up to 29
15.0
67.8
17.2
(453)

Age
30-49
9.3
76.0
14.7
(817)

50 and more
14.6
67.9
17.5
(691)

V169.- Which, if any, of the following do you believe in?.


Do you believe the Devil exists.
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

12.5
71.2
16.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
9.7
75.7
14.6
(837)

Female
14.6
67.9
17.5
(1,124)

V170.- Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? ((Read out and code one answer for each))
Hell
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

13.6
69.2
17.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
8.2
76.9
14.8
(837)

Female
17.5
63.4
19.0
(1,124)

up to 29
14.6
68.4
17.0
(453)

Age
30-49
9.8
73.8
16.4
(817)

50 and more
17.4
64.3
18.4
(691)

Page 10 of 92

V171.- Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? ((Read out and code one answer for each))
Heaven
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

15.1
67.1
17.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
9.7
75.5
14.8
(837)

Female
19.2
60.9
19.9
(1,124)

up to 29
14.6
68.0
17.4
(453)

Age
30-49
11.0
72.3
16.6
(817)

50 and more
20.4
60.3
19.2
(691)

V172.- Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? ((Read out and code one answer for each))
Sin
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

40.1
44.6
15.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
31.8
53.8
14.5
(837)

Female
46.4
37.8
15.8
(1,124)

up to 29
37.5
45.5
17.0
(453)

Age
30-49
37.1
47.5
15.4
(817)

50 and more
45.4
40.7
13.9
(691)

up to 29
6.4
76.8
16.8
(453)

Age
30-49
6.6
78.7
14.7
(817)

50 and more
8.0
75.4
16.6
(691)

V173.- Which, if any, of the following do you believe in?.


Resurrection of the dead
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

7.0
77.1
15.9
(1,961)

Sex
Male
6.6
80.0
13.4
(837)

Female
7.4
74.9
17.7
(1,124)

V174.- Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? ((Read out and code one answer for each))
Re-incarnation
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

17.3
62.8
19.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
14.9
67.5
17.6
(837)

Female
19.1
59.3
21.5
(1,124)

up to 29
20.3
59.2
20.5
(453)

Age
30-49
16.9
64.1
19.0
(817)

50 and more
15.9
63.7
20.4
(691)

Age
30-49
4.4
34.6
24.4
23.0
13.6
(817)

50 and more
12.2
29.8
27.1
18.4
12.6
(691)

V175.- Which of these statements comes closest to your beliefs?


TOTAL
Personal
Spirit
Confused
No god
Dont know
(N)

6.8
34.5
25.4
20.1
13.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
4.3
28.1
24.5
28.7
14.5
(837)

Female
8.6
39.3
26.2
13.7
12.2
(1,124)

up to 29
2.9
41.5
24.9
17.4
13.2
(453)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V176.- How important is God in your life? Please use this scale to indicate- 10 means very important and 1 means not at all
important.
TOTAL
Hotatall
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Very
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

29.4
10.8
9.4
5.7
12.6
4.9
3.6
4.0
3.3
9.0
7.4
(1,961)
4.00
3.03
(1,815)

Sex
Male
39.9
11.2
9.6
5.7
10.5
4.3
3.1
2.0
1.7
3.9
8.0
(837)
3.10
2.58
(770)

Female
21.5
10.4
9.3
5.6
14.2
5.3
4.0
5.4
4.4
12.7
7.0
(1,124)
4.67
3.16
(1,045)

up to 29
29.6
11.7
11.7
6.0
15.0
5.3
4.6
3.1
2.0
4.4
6.6
(453)
3.62
2.64
(423)

Age
30-49
31.8
12.0
10.3
6.6
10.5
4.5
3.4
3.8
2.7
6.0
8.3
(817)
3.62
2.83
(749)

50 and more
26.3
8.7
6.8
4.3
13.6
5.1
3.2
4.8
4.8
15.5
6.9
(691)
4.71
3.36
(643)

Age
30-49
21.9
54.1
24.0
(817)

50 and more
38.9
42.7
18.4
(691)

V177.- Do you find that you get comfort and strength from religion?
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

26.7
49.9
23.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
16.2
60.3
23.4
(837)

Female
34.4
42.1
23.5
(1,124)

up to 29
16.6
53.2
30.2
(453)

V178.- Do you take some moments of prayer, meditation or contemplation or something like that?
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

33.0
56.9
10.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
19.4
69.7
11.0
(837)

Female
43.2
47.4
9.3
(1,124)

up to 29
28.9
58.1
13.0
(453)

Age
30-49
27.7
62.7
9.7
(817)

50 and more
42.1
49.3
8.5
(691)

V179.- How often do you pray to God outside of religious services? Would you say...
TOTAL
Often
At times
Rarely
Crisis
Never
Dont know
(N)

8.7
7.8
5.8
12.9
60.1
4.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
2.6
4.7
4.2
8.7
75.5
4.3
(837)

Female
13.2
10.1
7.0
15.9
48.6
5.2
(1,124)

up to 29
2.2
5.7
5.5
13.9
65.8
6.8
(453)

Age
30-49
4.2
6.9
4.9
14.7
65.0
4.4
(817)

50 and more
18.2
10.1
7.1
10.0
50.5
4.1
(691)

V180.- Overall, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your home life?
TOTAL
Satisfy2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Satisfy+
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

5.8
2.1
5.5
4.6
14.3
7.8
11.7
15.7
9.7
18.1
4.8
(1,961)
6.71
2.64
(1,867)

Sex
Male
4.1
1.1
5.0
3.8
12.5
7.3
13.0
16.2
11.5
20.2
5.3
(837)
7.06
2.49
(793)

Female
7.0
2.9
5.9
5.2
15.6
8.1
10.7
15.3
8.5
16.5
4.4
(1,124)
6.44
2.72
(1,074)

up to 29
5.1
2.2
6.8
4.6
13.2
8.2
13.0
11.9
11.3
15.0
8.6
(453)
6.58
2.62
(414)

Age
30-49
4.8
2.2
5.3
4.2
15.3
8.2
11.8
17.4
10.4
17.6
2.9
(817)
6.78
2.55
(793)

50 and more
7.4
2.0
4.9
5.1
13.7
6.9
10.7
16.2
8.0
20.5
4.5
(691)
6.69
2.76
(660)

50 and more
65.3
1.4
24.9
5.4
1.0
2.0
(691)

V181.- Are you currently ....(READ OUT AND CODE ONE ONLY)
TOTAL
Married
Living
Divorced
Separate
Widow
Single
No answer
(N)

68.3
2.2
9.9
5.8
1.2
12.4
0.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
76.7
2.5
2.5
3.0
1.0
14.2
0.1
(837)

Female
62.0
2.0
15.5
7.9
1.3
11.0
0.2
(1,124)

up to 29
50.8
2.0
0.4
2.4
1.5
42.6
0.2
(453)

Age
30-49
80.5
3.1
2.6
8.1
1.1
4.4
0.2
(817)

Female
21.4
53.7
16.4
8.5
(1,124)

up to 29
5.7
46.1
42.8
5.3
(453)

Age
30-49
21.1
59.0
12.6
7.3
(817)

50 and more
28.8
54.4
7.7
9.1
(691)

Age
30-49
43.8
51.8
4.4
(817)

50 and more
48.6
49.3
2.0
(691)

V182.- Have you been married before?


TOTAL
Yes-more
Yes-once
No
No answer
(N)

20.2
54.4
17.8
7.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
18.8
55.3
19.8
6.1
(837)

V183.- Do (did) you and your partner share any of the following?
Attitudes towards religion
TOTAL
Mention
No
Not applicable (Singles)
(N)

42.0
45.6
12.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
41.6
44.2
14.2
(837)

Female
42.3
46.6
11.0
(1,124)

up to 29
28.7
28.7
42.6
(453)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V184.- Do (did) you and your partner share any of the following?
Moral attitudes
TOTAL
Mention
No
Not applicable (Singles)
(N)

56.4
31.2
12.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
58.5
27.2
14.2
(837)

Female
54.8
34.2
11.0
(1,124)

up to 29
35.3
22.1
42.6
(453)

Age
30-49
61.1
34.5
4.4
(817)

50 and more
64.7
33.3
2.0
(691)

Age
30-49
58.1
37.5
4.4
(817)

50 and more
57.5
40.5
2.0
(691)

Age
30-49
42.1
53.5
4.4
(817)

50 and more
42.0
56.0
2.0
(691)

Age
30-49
49.6
46.0
4.4
(817)

50 and more
32.1
65.8
2.0
(691)

Age
30-49
5.8
89.8
4.4
(817)

50 and more
6.8
91.2
2.0
(691)

V185.- Do (did) you and your partner share any of the following?
Social attitudes
TOTAL
Mention
No
Not applicable (Singles)
(N)

52.8
34.8
12.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
53.6
32.1
14.2
(837)

Female
52.1
36.8
11.0
(1,124)

up to 29
36.0
21.4
42.6
(453)

V186.- Do (did) you and your partner share any of the following?
Political attitudes
TOTAL
Mention
No
Not applicable (Singles)
(N)

38.1
49.5
12.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
40.3
45.5
14.2
(837)

Female
36.5
52.5
11.0
(1,124)

up to 29
24.9
32.5
42.6
(453)

V187.- Do (did) you and your partner share any of the following?
Sexual attitudes
TOTAL
Mention
No
Not applicable (Singles)
(N)

40.1
47.5
12.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
42.7
43.1
14.2
(837)

Female
38.3
50.7
11.0
(1,124)

up to 29
35.3
22.1
42.6
(453)

V188.- Do (did) you and your partner share any of the following?
None of these
TOTAL
Mention
No
Not applicable (Singles)
(N)

5.4
82.3
12.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
3.7
82.1
14.2
(837)

Female
6.6
82.4
11.0
(1,124)

up to 29
2.4
55.0
42.6
(453)

Page 11 of 92

V189.- Do (did) you and your partner share any of the following?
Don't know
TOTAL
Mention
No
Not applicable (Singles)
(N)

9.9
77.7
12.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
9.7
76.1
14.2
(837)

Female
10.1
78.8
11.0
(1,124)

up to 29
6.4
51.0
42.6
(453)

Age
30-49
11.8
83.8
4.4
(817)

50 and more
10.1
87.8
2.0
(691)

V190.- And how about your parents? Do (did) you and your parents share any of the following?
Attitudes towards religion
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

49.2
50.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
43.2
56.8
(837)

Female
53.6
46.4
(1,124)

up to 29
46.8
53.2
(453)

Age
30-49
48.6
51.4
(817)

50 and more
51.5
48.5
(691)

V191.- And how about your parents? Do (did) you and your parents share any of the following?
Moral attitudes
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

62.6
37.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
60.9
39.1
(837)

Female
63.9
36.1
(1,124)

up to 29
55.2
44.8
(453)

Age
30-49
65.2
34.8
(817)

50 and more
64.4
35.6
(691)

V192.- And how about your parents? Do (did) you and your parents share any of the following?
Social attitudes
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

50.7
49.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
49.8
50.2
(837)

Female
51.4
48.6
(1,124)

up to 29
49.9
50.1
(453)

Age
30-49
53.4
46.6
(817)

50 and more
48.2
51.8
(691)

V193.- And how about your parents? Do (did) you and your parents share any of the following?
Political attitudes
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

32.5
67.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
32.9
67.1
(837)

Female
32.2
67.8
(1,124)

up to 29
34.9
65.1
(453)

Age
30-49
33.0
67.0
(817)

50 and more
30.2
69.8
(691)

V194.- And how about your parents? Do (did) you and your parents share any of the following?
Sexual attitudes
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

13.7
86.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
12.8
87.2
(837)

Female
14.3
85.7
(1,124)

up to 29
12.8
87.2
(453)

Age
30-49
12.9
87.1
(817)

50 and more
15.2
84.8
(691)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V195.- And how about your parents? Do (did) you and your parents share any of the following?
None of these
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

6.7
93.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
7.4
92.6
(837)

Female
6.2
93.8
(1,124)

up to 29
7.5
92.5
(453)

Age
30-49
6.9
93.1
(817)

50 and more
6.1
93.9
(691)

V196.- And how about your parents? Do (did) you and your parents share any of the following?
Don't know
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

16.3
83.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
17.0
83.0
(837)

Female
15.8
84.2
(1,124)

up to 29
15.7
84.3
(453)

Age
30-49
14.7
85.3
(817)

50 and more
18.7
81.3
(691)

V197.- If someone said that individuals should have the chance to enjoy complete sexual freedom without being restricted,
would you tend to agree or disagree?.
TOTAL
Agree
Neither/depends
Disagree
Dont know
(N)

14.3
13.5
60.5
11.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
19.4
16.8
53.0
10.8
(837)

Female
10.6
11.0
66.0
12.4
(1,124)

up to 29
25.2
19.0
47.7
8.2
(453)

Age
30-49
15.2
14.8
62.5
7.5
(817)

50 and more
6.2
8.4
66.4
19.0
(691)

V198.- Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one,
whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage?
Faithfulness marriage
TOTAL
Very
Rather
Not very
No answer
(N)

76.7
18.8
3.9
0.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
74.3
21.6
3.2
0.8
(837)

Female
78.6
16.7
4.4
0.4
(1,124)

up to 29
71.7
22.5
4.6
1.1
(453)

Age
30-49
74.3
21.2
4.3
0.2
(817)

50 and more
82.9
13.6
2.9
0.6
(691)

V199.- Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one,
whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage?
An adequate income
TOTAL
Very
Rather
Not very
No answer
(N)

53.4
39.8
6.1
0.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
51.5
40.7
6.6
1.2
(837)

Female
54.8
39.1
5.7
0.4
(1,124)

up to 29
58.5
34.9
5.5
1.1
(453)

Age
30-49
55.9
39.0
4.4
0.6
(817)

50 and more
47.0
43.8
8.4
0.7
(691)

V200.- Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one,
whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage?
Being of the same social background
TOTAL
Very
Rather
Not very
No answer
(N)

8.6
20.1
69.0
2.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
8.0
17.9
71.8
2.3
(837)

Female
9.1
21.7
67.0
2.2
(1,124)

up to 29
7.1
18.1
72.4
2.4
(453)

Age
30-49
8.3
17.6
72.3
1.7
(817)

50 and more
10.0
24.3
63.0
2.7
(691)

V201.- Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one,
whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage?
Mutual respect and appreciation
TOTAL
Very
Rather
Not very
No answer
(N)

76.9
20.0
2.1
1.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
74.4
22.6
2.0
1.0
(837)

Female
78.7
18.1
2.1
1.0
(1,124)

up to 29
79.5
17.7
1.8
1.1
(453)

Age
30-49
77.0
20.4
2.0
0.6
(817)

50 and more
75.1
21.1
2.5
1.3
(691)

V202.- Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one,
whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage?
Shared religious beliefs
TOTAL
Very
Rather
Not very
No answer
(N)

10.5
16.9
70.3
2.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
7.9
14.2
76.0
1.9
(837)

Female
12.5
19.0
66.0
2.6
(1,124)

up to 29
7.7
14.8
75.1
2.4
(453)

Age
30-49
7.2
14.4
76.1
2.2
(817)

50 and more
16.2
21.3
60.2
2.3
(691)

V203.- Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one,
whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage?
Good housing
TOTAL
Very
Rather
Not very
No answer
(N)

50.5
39.8
8.3
1.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
46.1
43.2
9.0
1.7
(837)

Female
53.7
37.3
7.8
1.2
(1,124)

up to 29
54.5
35.1
8.4
2.0
(453)

Age
30-49
52.9
39.3
7.1
0.7
(817)

50 and more
45.0
43.6
9.7
1.7
(691)

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V204.- Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one,
whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage?
Agreement on politics
TOTAL
Very
Rather
Not very
No answer
(N)

7.9
19.3
70.1
2.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
8.2
18.5
70.8
2.4
(837)

Female
7.6
19.8
69.6
3.0
(1,124)

up to 29
6.4
15.9
74.8
2.9
(453)

Age
30-49
7.3
17.0
72.9
2.7
(817)

50 and more
9.4
24.2
63.7
2.7
(691)

V205.- Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one,
whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage?
Understanding and tolerance
TOTAL
Very
Rather
Not very
No answer
(N)

66.1
29.1
3.4
1.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
61.3
33.6
3.6
1.6
(837)

Female
69.8
25.7
3.2
1.3
(1,124)

up to 29
69.8
25.4
3.1
1.8
(453)

Age
30-49
65.5
30.7
3.2
0.6
(817)

50 and more
64.5
29.5
3.8
2.2
(691)

V206.- Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one,
whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage?
Living apart from your in-laws
TOTAL
Very
Rather
Not very
No answer
(N)

35.0
34.8
28.3
1.9
(1,961)

Sex
Male
32.4
36.4
29.3
1.9
(837)

Female
37.0
33.6
27.5
1.9
(1,124)

up to 29
42.8
34.4
21.2
1.5
(453)

Age
30-49
39.8
33.7
25.1
1.5
(817)

50 and more
24.3
36.5
36.6
2.6
(691)

V207.- Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one,
whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage?
Happy sexual relationship
TOTAL
Very
Rather
Not very
No answer
(N)

45.2
38.8
13.7
2.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
49.0
38.1
10.9
2.0
(837)

Female
42.4
39.3
15.8
2.4
(1,124)

up to 29
63.6
28.3
6.2
2.0
(453)

Age
30-49
51.0
38.2
9.1
1.7
(817)

50 and more
26.3
46.5
24.2
3.0
(691)

Page 12 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V208.- Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one,
whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage?
Sharing household chores
TOTAL
Very
Rather
Not very
No answer
(N)

37.3
48.1
13.0
1.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
30.8
51.0
16.2
1.9
(837)

Female
42.1
46.0
10.5
1.4
(1,124)

up to 29
35.8
50.6
12.4
1.3
(453)

Age
30-49
37.0
48.6
13.1
1.3
(817)

50 and more
38.6
46.0
13.2
2.2
(691)

V209.- Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one,
whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage?
Children
TOTAL
Very
Rather
Not very
No answer
(N)

78.8
17.2
2.7
1.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
74.7
20.8
2.9
1.7
(837)

Female
81.9
14.5
2.6
1.0
(1,124)

up to 29
75.7
19.9
3.1
1.3
(453)

Age
30-49
80.2
15.5
3.1
1.2
(817)

50 and more
79.3
17.4
2.0
1.3
(691)

V210.- Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one,
whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage?
Tastes and interests in common
TOTAL
Very
Rather
Not very
No answer
(N)

36.2
47.9
13.7
2.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
33.8
50.4
13.7
2.0
(837)

Female
37.9
46.1
13.6
2.4
(1,124)

up to 29
34.7
47.9
15.2
2.2
(453)

Age
30-49
34.3
48.1
15.8
1.8
(817)

50 and more
39.4
47.8
10.1
2.7
(691)

up to 29
50.8
26.0
21.0
1.1
0.4
0.7
(453)
0.74
0.86
(450)

Age
30-49
8.8
29.9
49.0
9.3
1.7
0.9
0.2
0.2
(817)
1.69
0.91
(815)

50 and more
8.5
25.0
45.9
13.2
4.5
1.4
1.3
0.1
(691)
1.90
1.11
(690)

V211.- Have you had any children? If yes, how many?


TOTAL
None
1child
2child
3child
4child
5child
6+child
No answer
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

18.4
27.3
41.4
8.8
2.4
0.9
0.6
0.3
(1,961)
1.54
1.07
(1,955)

Sex
Male
20.2
25.3
40.7
8.7
3.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
(837)
1.54
1.12
(834)

Female
17.1
28.7
41.9
8.8
1.8
0.9
0.5
0.3
(1,124)
1.54
1.04
(1,121)

Page 13 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V212.- How many of them are still living at home?


TOTAL
None
1child
2child
3child
4child
5child
Not applicable (No children)
No answer
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

21.4
29.6
25.3
3.8
0.5
0.3
18.4
0.7
(1,961)
1.17
0.92
(1,587)

Sex
Male
22.3
27.1
25.1
3.8
0.5
0.4
20.2
0.6
(837)
1.17
0.94
(663)

Female
20.7
31.5
25.4
3.8
0.4
0.3
17.1
0.7
(1,124)
1.18
0.90
(924)

up to 29
2.9
24.1
20.1
1.1
0.4
50.8
0.7
(453)
1.43
0.68
(220)

Age
30-49
5.9
32.8
43.2
7.5
0.7
0.7
8.8
0.4
(817)
1.63
0.82
(742)

50 and more
52.0
29.5
7.5
1.3
0.1
8.5
1.0
(691)
0.54
0.72
(625)

V213.- What do you think is the ideal size of the family? How many children, if any?
TOTAL
None
1child
2child
3child
4child
5child
6child
7child
8child
9child
10+child
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

0.8
3.3
41.7
36.4
5.0
3.1
0.7
0.3
0.1
0.1
1.4
7.2
(1,961)
2.72
1.30
(1,819)

Sex
Male
0.6
3.3
38.6
37.4
5.6
3.6
0.8
0.5
0.1
0.1
1.8
7.5
(837)
2.83
1.41
(774)

Female
1.0
3.2
44.0
35.6
4.5
2.7
0.6
0.2
0.1
1.1
7.0
(1,124)
2.65
1.20
(1,045)

up to 29
1.1
4.0
47.5
30.7
5.3
2.0
0.7
0.2
0.2
1.1
7.3
(453)
2.60
1.25
(420)

Age
30-49
1.0
3.3
44.9
34.3
4.5
2.2
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.7
8.3
(817)
2.59
1.10
(749)

50 and more
0.4
2.7
34.2
42.5
5.4
4.8
1.0
0.7
2.3
5.9
(691)
2.96
1.49
(650)

V214.- If someone says a child needs a home with both a father and a mother to grow up happily, would you tend to agree
or disagree?
TOTAL
Agree
Disagree
Dont know
(N)

95.5
2.7
1.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
96.1
2.2
1.8
(837)

Female
95.1
3.1
1.8
(1,124)

up to 29
94.9
3.3
1.8
(453)

Age
30-49
96.0
2.1
2.0
(817)

50 and more
95.4
3.0
1.6
(691)

V215.- Do you think that a woman has to have children in order to be fulfilled or is this not necessary?
TOTAL
Needs
No need
Dont know
(N)

88.5
7.6
3.9
(1,961)

Sex
Male
87.0
6.7
6.3
(837)

Female
89.6
8.4
2.0
(1,124)

up to 29
86.1
9.9
4.0
(453)

Age
30-49
89.2
7.7
3.1
(817)

50 and more
89.1
6.1
4.8
(691)

Page 14 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V216.- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? (Read out):
"Marriage is an out-dated institution"
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

13.2
77.7
9.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
14.1
76.2
9.7
(837)

Female
12.5
78.7
8.7
(1,124)

up to 29
22.1
65.3
12.6
(453)

Age
30-49
12.4
80.4
7.2
(817)

50 and more
8.4
82.5
9.1
(691)

V217.- If a woman wants to have a child as a single parent but she doesn't want to have a stable relationship with a man,
do you approve or disapprove?
TOTAL
Approve
Depends
Disapprove
Dont know
(N)

39.6
27.7
27.4
5.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
33.6
31.2
28.9
6.3
(837)

Female
44.0
25.1
26.2
4.6
(1,124)

up to 29
42.2
29.6
23.2
5.1
(453)

Age
30-49
41.0
31.1
23.4
4.5
(817)

50 and more
36.2
22.4
34.9
6.5
(691)

V218.- For each of the following statements I read out, can you tell me how much you agree with each. Do you agree
strongly, agree, disagree, or disagree strongly?
A working mother can establish just as warm and secure a relationship with her children as a moth
TOTAL
Agree+
Agree
Disagree
Disagree+
Dont know
(N)

20.7
40.8
30.4
4.3
3.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
18.5
40.4
31.1
4.4
5.6
(837)

Female
22.3
41.1
29.9
4.3
2.4
(1,124)

up to 29
18.3
41.1
30.9
4.9
4.9
(453)

Age
30-49
22.0
39.2
31.3
4.3
3.2
(817)

50 and more
20.7
42.5
28.9
4.1
3.8
(691)

V219.- For each of the following statements I read out, can you tell me how much you agree with each. Do you agree
strongly, agree, disagree, or disagree strongly?
A pre-school child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works
TOTAL
Agree+
Agree
Disagree
Disagree+
Dont know
(N)

20.8
46.4
27.3
1.7
3.9
(1,961)

Sex
Male
17.8
48.4
28.1
1.8
3.9
(837)

Female
23.0
44.8
26.8
1.6
3.8
(1,124)

up to 29
17.9
43.7
31.8
2.2
4.4
(453)

Age
30-49
21.5
46.6
27.1
1.5
3.3
(817)

50 and more
21.7
47.8
24.7
1.6
4.2
(691)

Page 15 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V220.- For each of the following statements I read out, can you tell me how much you agree with each. Do you agree
strongly, agree, disagree, or disagree strongly?
A job is alright but what most women really want is a home and children
TOTAL
Agree+
Agree
Disagree
Disagree+
Dont know
(N)

30.1
55.9
8.0
0.5
5.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
28.0
57.3
7.0
0.2
7.4
(837)

Female
31.7
54.9
8.7
0.6
4.1
(1,124)

up to 29
30.0
57.4
7.5
0.4
4.6
(453)

Age
30-49
32.3
55.7
7.0
0.4
4.7
(817)

50 and more
27.5
55.3
9.6
0.6
7.1
(691)

V221.- For each of the following statements I read out, can you tell me how much you agree with each. Do you agree
strongly, agree, disagree, or disagree strongly?
Being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay
TOTAL
Agree+
Agree
Disagree
Disagree+
Dont know
(N)

29.4
52.3
12.3
0.7
5.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
30.0
55.7
7.8
0.8
5.7
(837)

Female
29.0
49.7
15.7
0.6
4.9
(1,124)

up to 29
31.3
51.0
11.9
0.9
4.9
(453)

Age
30-49
29.9
52.3
13.7
0.4
3.8
(817)

50 and more
27.6
53.1
11.0
1.0
7.2
(691)

V222.- For each of the following statements I read out, can you tell me how much you agree with each. Do you agree
strongly, agree, disagree, or disagree strongly?
Having a job is the best way for a woman to be an independent person
TOTAL
Agree+
Agree
Disagree
Disagree+
Dont know
(N)

11.8
39.6
34.2
3.1
11.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
8.8
35.2
38.4
4.3
13.3
(837)

Female
14.1
42.8
31.1
2.1
9.9
(1,124)

up to 29
9.1
33.6
42.2
3.3
11.9
(453)

Age
30-49
13.7
38.7
34.6
2.7
10.3
(817)

50 and more
11.4
44.6
28.5
3.3
12.2
(691)

V223.- For each of the following statements I read out, can you tell me how much you agree with each. Do you agree
strongly, agree, disagree, or disagree strongly?
Both the husband and wife should contribute to household income
TOTAL
Agree+
Agree
Disagree
Disagree+
Dont know
(N)

26.5
49.5
17.4
1.7
4.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
25.1
48.0
19.8
2.2
4.9
(837)

Female
27.5
50.6
15.7
1.4
4.8
(1,124)

up to 29
24.3
45.9
22.1
2.4
5.3
(453)

Age
30-49
26.1
48.8
18.7
2.1
4.3
(817)

50 and more
28.4
52.7
12.9
0.9
5.2
(691)

Page 16 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V224.- With which of these two statements do you tend to agree? (CODE ONE ANSWER ONLY)
A. Regardless of what the qualities and faults of one's parents are, one must always love and respect them.
B. One does not have the duty to respect and love parents who hav
TOTAL
Always
Earn it
Dont know
(N)

70.6
22.6
6.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
66.9
25.1
8.0
(837)

Female
73.4
20.8
5.8
(1,124)

up to 29
69.1
22.5
8.4
(453)

Age
30-49
69.6
23.0
7.3
(817)

50 and more
72.8
22.3
4.9
(691)

V225.- Which of the following statements best describes your views about parents' responsibilities to their children? (CODE
ONE ONLY)
A. Parents' duty is to do their best for their children even at the expense of their own well-being
B Parents have a life of t
TOTAL
Sacrifice
Neither
Own life
Dont know
(N)

47.8
13.0
32.6
6.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
46.4
14.1
33.2
6.3
(837)

Female
48.9
12.2
32.2
6.7
(1,124)

up to 29
40.4
16.6
35.8
7.3
(453)

Age
30-49
43.3
13.7
36.6
6.4
(817)

50 and more
58.0
9.8
25.9
6.2
(691)

V226.- Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be
especially important? Please choose up to five. (CODE FIVE ONLY)
Good manners
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

57.3
42.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
50.4
49.6
(837)

Female
62.5
37.5
(1,124)

up to 29
62.7
37.3
(453)

Age
30-49
58.5
41.5
(817)

50 and more
52.4
47.6
(691)

V227.- Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be
especially important? Please choose up to five. (CODE FIVE ONLY)
Independence
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

29.2
70.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
35.1
64.9
(837)

Female
24.7
75.3
(1,124)

up to 29
36.4
63.6
(453)

Age
30-49
30.6
69.4
(817)

50 and more
22.7
77.3
(691)

V228.- Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be
especially important? Please choose up to five. (CODE FIVE ONLY)
Hard Work
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

92.6
7.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
91.5
8.5
(837)

Female
93.3
6.7
(1,124)

up to 29
89.2
10.8
(453)

Age
30-49
92.7
7.3
(817)

50 and more
94.6
5.4
(691)

Page 17 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V229.- Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be
especially important? Please choose up to five. (CODE FIVE ONLY)
Feeling of responsibility
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

69.5
30.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
69.1
30.9
(837)

Female
69.8
30.2
(1,124)

up to 29
68.9
31.1
(453)

Age
30-49
72.1
27.9
(817)

50 and more
66.9
33.1
(691)

V230.- Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be
especially important? Please choose up to five. (CODE FIVE ONLY)
Imagination
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

11.3
88.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
13.3
86.7
(837)

Female
9.9
90.1
(1,124)

up to 29
15.0
85.0
(453)

Age
30-49
11.9
88.1
(817)

50 and more
8.2
91.8
(691)

V231.- Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be
especially important? Please choose up to five. (CODE FIVE ONLY)
Tolerance and respect for other people
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

70.2
29.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
65.7
34.3
(837)

Female
73.5
26.5
(1,124)

up to 29
65.8
34.2
(453)

Age
30-49
71.2
28.8
(817)

50 and more
71.8
28.2
(691)

V232.- Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be
especially important? Please choose up to five. (CODE FIVE ONLY)
Thrift saving money and things
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

60.9
39.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
57.0
43.0
(837)

Female
63.8
36.2
(1,124)

up to 29
52.1
47.9
(453)

Age
30-49
61.2
38.8
(817)

50 and more
66.3
33.7
(691)

V233.- Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be
especially important? Please choose up to five. (CODE FIVE ONLY)
Determination, perseverance
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

39.7
60.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
45.9
54.1
(837)

Female
35.1
64.9
(1,124)

up to 29
47.2
52.8
(453)

Age
30-49
42.0
58.0
(817)

50 and more
32.0
68.0
(691)

Page 18 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

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V234.- Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be
especially important? Please choose up to five. (CODE FIVE ONLY)
Religious faith
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

8.0
92.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
6.0
94.0
(837)

Female
9.5
90.5
(1,124)

up to 29
5.1
94.9
(453)

Age
30-49
4.9
95.1
(817)

50 and more
13.6
86.4
(691)

V235.- Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be
especially important? Please choose up to five. (CODE FIVE ONLY)
Unselfishness
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

24.0
76.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
25.1
74.9
(837)

Female
23.1
76.9
(1,124)

up to 29
21.9
78.1
(453)

Age
30-49
22.4
77.6
(817)

50 and more
27.2
72.8
(691)

V236.- Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be
especially important? Please choose up to five. (CODE FIVE ONLY)
Obedience
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

25.9
74.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
24.5
75.5
(837)

Female
26.9
73.1
(1,124)

up to 29
22.7
77.3
(453)

Age
30-49
22.2
77.8
(817)

50 and more
32.3
67.7
(691)

V237.- Do you approve or disapprove of abortion under the following circumstances?


Where the mother's health is at risk by the pregnancy
TOTAL
Approve
Disapprov
(N)

71.3
28.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
74.0
26.0
(837)

Female
69.4
30.6
(1,124)

up to 29
72.8
27.2
(453)

Age
30-49
70.6
29.4
(817)

50 and more
71.2
28.8
(691)

V238.- Do you approve or disapprove of abortion under the following circumstances?


Where it is likely that the child would be born physically handicapped
TOTAL
Approve
Disapprov
(N)

84.0
16.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
85.4
14.6
(837)

Female
82.9
17.1
(1,124)

up to 29
84.5
15.5
(453)

Age
30-49
84.1
15.9
(817)

50 and more
83.5
16.5
(691)

V239.- ADo you approve or disapprove of abortion under the following circumstances?.
When the woman is not married
TOTAL
Approve
Disapprov
(N)

42.1
57.9
(1,961)

Sex
Male
41.8
58.2
(837)

Female
42.3
57.7
(1,124)

up to 29
42.2
57.8
(453)

Age
30-49
43.6
56.4
(817)

50 and more
40.4
59.6
(691)

Page 19 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V240.- Do you approve or disapprove of abortion under the following circumstances?.


When a married couple does not want to have any more children
TOTAL
Approve
Disapprov
(N)

66.6
33.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
65.7
34.3
(837)

Female
67.3
32.7
(1,124)

up to 29
71.1
28.9
(453)

Age
30-49
71.2
28.8
(817)

50 and more
58.3
41.7
(691)

up to 29
3.3
38.4
48.6
9.3
0.4
(453)

Age
30-49
10.4
47.1
35.9
6.1
0.5
(817)

50 and more
13.9
39.2
31.4
14.5
1.0
(691)

V241.- How interested would you say you are in politics?


TOTAL
Very
Some
Not very
Notatall
Dont know
(N)

10.0
42.3
37.2
9.8
0.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
14.8
47.7
30.7
5.7
1.1
(837)

Female
6.4
38.3
42.1
12.8
0.4
(1,124)

V242.- Now I'd like you to look at this card. I'm going to read out some different forms of political action that people can
take, and I'd like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have actually done any of these things, whether you might do it
or would nev
TOTAL
Havedone
Mightdo
Never
Dont know
(N)

26.5
39.5
23.6
10.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
30.6
41.5
17.8
10.2
(837)

Female
23.4
38.0
27.9
10.7
(1,124)

up to 29
31.6
40.6
17.9
9.9
(453)

Age
30-49
30.2
41.1
19.1
9.5
(817)

50 and more
18.7
36.8
32.7
11.9
(691)

V243.- Now I'd like you to look at this card. I'm going to read out some different forms of political action that people can
take, and I'd like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have actually done any of these things, whether you might do it
or would nev
TOTAL
Havedone
Mightdo
Never
Dont know
(N)

3.8
30.8
50.5
14.9
(1,961)

Sex
Male
5.0
38.8
42.5
13.6
(837)

Female
2.8
24.8
56.5
15.8
(1,124)

up to 29
9.3
39.1
38.4
13.2
(453)

Age
30-49
2.4
34.8
47.1
15.7
(817)

50 and more
1.7
20.7
62.5
15.1
(691)

V244.- Now I'd like you to look at this card. I'm going to read out some different forms of political action that people can
take, and I'd like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have actually done any of these things, whether you might do it
or would nev
TOTAL
Havedone
Mightdo
Never
Dont know
(N)

30.5
39.0
23.0
7.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
33.6
43.0
16.4
7.0
(837)

Female
28.3
35.9
27.9
7.8
(1,124)

up to 29
30.5
43.9
18.8
6.8
(453)

Age
30-49
31.7
42.8
17.6
7.8
(817)

50 and more
29.2
31.1
32.1
7.5
(691)

Page 20 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V245.- Now I'd like you to look at this card. I'm going to read out some different forms of political action that people can
take, and I'd like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have actually done any of these things, whether you might do it
or would nev
TOTAL
Havedone
Mightdo
Never
Dont know
(N)

2.2
25.3
57.5
15.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
3.6
32.4
49.3
14.7
(837)

Female
1.2
20.0
63.5
15.2
(1,124)

up to 29
3.5
40.8
41.1
14.6
(453)

Age
30-49
2.7
26.9
53.2
17.1
(817)

50 and more
0.9
13.2
73.2
12.7
(691)

V246.- Now I'd like you to look at this card. I'm going to read out some different forms of political action that people can
take, and I'd like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have actually done any of these things, whether you might do it
or would nev
TOTAL
Havedone
Mightdo
Never
Dont know
(N)

0.7
10.1
72.9
16.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.7
15.9
66.2
17.2
(837)

Female
0.6
5.9
77.8
15.7
(1,124)

up to 29
0.7
19.0
61.1
19.2
(453)

Age
30-49
0.9
10.2
70.5
18.5
(817)

50 and more
0.4
4.3
83.4
11.9
(691)

V247.- Which of these two statements comes closest to your own opinion?
A. I find that both freedom and equality are important. But if I were to choose one or the other, I would consider personal
freedom more important, that is, everyone can live in freedom and
TOTAL
Freedom
Neither
Equality
Dont know
(N)

39.6
5.6
42.2
12.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
44.0
5.5
41.8
8.7
(837)

Female
36.4
5.7
42.5
15.4
(1,124)

up to 29
52.1
5.1
33.1
9.7
(453)

Age
30-49
41.2
6.0
42.2
10.5
(817)

50 and more
29.5
5.5
48.2
16.8
(691)

V248.- In political matters, people talk of "the left" and "the right." How would you place your views on this scale, generally
speaking?
TOTAL
Left
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Right
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

3.4
3.1
7.4
6.1
28.3
6.0
2.5
2.3
0.5
1.4
38.9
(1,961)
4.73
1.78
(1,198)

Sex
Male
3.9
4.2
9.9
8.2
30.7
7.0
3.0
2.9
0.4
1.3
28.4
(837)
4.63
1.76
(599)

Female
3.0
2.2
5.5
4.5
26.5
5.2
2.2
1.9
0.6
1.5
46.7
(1,124)
4.83
1.80
(599)

up to 29
2.6
3.3
6.4
6.6
32.0
5.5
2.6
2.4
2.2
36.2
(453)
4.83
1.75
(289)

Age
30-49
3.5
3.1
9.4
7.1
27.9
6.9
2.2
2.4
0.5
1.3
35.6
(817)
4.66
1.77
(526)

50 and more
3.8
2.9
5.6
4.6
26.3
5.4
2.9
2.0
0.9
1.0
44.6
(691)
4.75
1.83
(383)

Page 21 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V249.- On this card are three basic kinds of attitudes concerning the society we live in. Please choose the one which best
describes your own opinion.
TOTAL
Radical
Reform
Defend
Dont know
(N)

14.9
42.3
29.6
13.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
20.2
45.4
23.9
10.5
(837)

Female
11.0
39.9
33.9
15.1
(1,124)

up to 29
22.7
39.3
23.8
14.1
(453)

Age
30-49
17.0
43.3
28.6
11.0
(817)

50 and more
7.4
43.0
34.6
15.1
(691)

V250.- Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 means
you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if
your views fall some
TOTAL
Equal
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Individ
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

3.6
2.1
4.1
3.6
12.2
7.8
13.5
14.7
6.2
21.2
11.1
(1,961)
6.99
2.52
(1,744)

Sex
Male
3.2
1.6
2.9
3.9
10.9
6.7
13.9
16.1
7.2
25.9
7.8
(837)
7.32
2.46
(772)

Female
3.8
2.5
5.1
3.3
13.3
8.5
13.2
13.6
5.5
17.7
13.5
(1,124)
6.74
2.55
(972)

up to 29
2.9
2.2
2.4
2.6
13.7
8.6
11.9
13.2
7.5
25.4
9.5
(453)
7.25
2.47
(410)

Age
30-49
2.8
1.8
2.3
4.3
10.2
6.0
15.9
17.6
8.0
21.8
9.3
(817)
7.27
2.37
(741)

50 and more
4.9
2.3
7.4
3.3
13.7
9.3
11.6
12.2
3.3
17.8
14.2
(691)
6.47
2.67
(593)

V251.- Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 means
you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if
your views fall some
TOTAL
Private
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Governmt
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

10.9
4.8
7.8
6.2
18.7
6.0
8.9
8.8
4.3
14.0
9.6
(1,961)
5.64
2.90
(1,773)

Sex
Male
14.2
5.4
9.4
8.0
18.6
7.5
8.8
7.2
3.1
10.5
7.2
(837)
5.13
2.83
(777)

Female
8.4
4.4
6.6
4.8
18.8
4.9
8.9
10.1
5.2
16.6
11.4
(1,124)
6.04
2.89
(996)

up to 29
18.8
8.2
10.8
7.9
17.9
4.6
7.1
5.1
2.9
10.6
6.2
(453)
4.67
2.93
(425)

Age
30-49
11.0
4.8
8.1
6.2
18.7
6.5
8.9
8.0
4.4
12.7
10.6
(817)
5.55
2.87
(730)

50 and more
5.5
2.7
5.5
4.9
19.2
6.4
10.0
12.3
5.1
17.8
10.6
(691)
6.41
2.69
(618)

Page 22 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V252.- Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 means
you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if
your views fall some
TOTAL
Individ
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
State
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

13.8
5.6
9.1
7.4
19.4
7.6
7.5
8.3
2.9
11.2
7.1
(1,961)
5.19
2.84
(1,821)

Sex
Male
16.6
6.8
10.3
8.4
17.8
7.4
7.3
7.9
2.4
9.4
5.7
(837)
4.86
2.83
(789)

Female
11.7
4.7
8.2
6.8
20.6
7.8
7.7
8.5
3.3
12.5
8.2
(1,124)
5.44
2.82
(1,032)

up to 29
15.0
7.3
9.7
7.7
16.6
7.1
7.1
6.4
2.9
13.5
6.8
(453)
5.11
2.98
(422)

Age
30-49
14.1
5.1
9.4
7.6
20.7
7.5
7.3
8.8
3.1
9.8
6.6
(817)
5.12
2.79
(763)

50 and more
12.7
5.1
8.2
7.1
19.8
8.2
8.0
8.8
2.7
11.3
8.0
(691)
5.31
2.81
(636)

V253.- Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 means
you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if
your views fall some
TOTAL
Take any
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Refuse
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

14.3
6.4
5.6
6.6
13.4
5.9
9.5
10.2
3.7
12.3
12.1
(1,961)
5.43
3.02
(1,723)

Sex
Male
13.0
7.4
4.9
7.6
12.5
6.0
11.1
11.5
3.5
12.9
9.6
(837)
5.54
2.99
(757)

Female
15.2
5.7
6.0
5.9
14.0
5.9
8.3
9.3
3.9
11.8
14.1
(1,124)
5.34
3.04
(966)

up to 29
8.8
5.5
3.5
6.6
11.5
7.5
13.0
12.6
4.9
17.2
8.8
(453)
6.22
2.88
(413)

Age
30-49
12.4
5.9
6.0
7.2
13.2
5.8
8.2
12.7
4.7
13.3
10.6
(817)
5.66
3.00
(730)

50 and more
20.1
7.7
6.4
5.9
14.8
5.1
8.7
5.6
1.9
7.8
16.1
(691)
4.57
2.94
(580)

Page 23 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V254.- Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 means
you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if
your views fall some
TOTAL
Good
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Harmful
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

31.3
10.9
13.9
7.3
11.1
3.5
3.7
3.0
1.1
3.0
11.3
(1,961)
3.26
2.45
(1,739)

Sex
Male
37.0
12.8
14.9
7.9
8.2
3.2
3.2
2.9
0.6
2.3
6.9
(837)
2.93
2.29
(779)

Female
27.0
9.4
13.2
6.9
13.2
3.6
4.0
3.0
1.4
3.6
14.6
(1,124)
3.53
2.54
(960)

up to 29
40.4
12.6
15.0
6.4
9.5
1.1
3.3
0.9
0.9
2.9
7.1
(453)
2.77
2.25
(421)

Age
30-49
30.1
12.6
14.9
8.1
12.1
3.2
2.6
3.2
0.7
3.1
9.4
(817)
3.23
2.38
(740)

50 and more
26.8
7.7
12.0
7.1
10.9
5.4
5.2
4.1
1.6
3.0
16.4
(691)
3.66
2.61
(578)

V255.- Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 means
you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if
your views fall some
TOTAL
Good
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
No luck
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

24.8
9.6
12.2
8.0
13.1
5.0
5.3
6.2
2.1
7.4
6.2
(1,961)
4.14
2.87
(1,839)

Sex
Male
25.9
10.9
14.5
8.4
12.5
4.9
4.4
5.4
1.6
7.2
4.4
(837)
3.94
2.79
(800)

Female
24.0
8.6
10.6
7.7
13.4
5.2
5.9
6.8
2.6
7.7
7.6
(1,124)
4.30
2.92
(1,039)

up to 29
24.5
9.1
12.6
7.3
14.1
6.2
3.8
5.5
2.2
8.4
6.4
(453)
4.18
2.90
(424)

Age
30-49
22.3
8.8
12.6
7.1
13.3
4.9
6.0
8.2
2.8
8.6
5.4
(817)
4.45
2.96
(773)

50 and more
28.1
10.9
11.6
9.6
12.0
4.5
5.4
4.2
1.3
5.5
7.1
(691)
3.74
2.70
(642)

Page 24 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V256.- Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 means
you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if
your views fall some
TOTAL
Others
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Greed
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

7.0
4.1
4.9
4.9
13.2
7.4
11.1
12.1
4.6
15.4
15.1
(1,961)
6.25
2.79
(1,664)

Sex
Male
6.5
4.1
5.4
5.4
12.7
6.1
11.2
14.2
4.9
17.2
12.4
(837)
6.40
2.79
(733)

Female
7.5
4.2
4.5
4.6
13.5
8.4
11.0
10.6
4.4
14.1
17.2
(1,124)
6.14
2.79
(931)

Age
30-49
5.8
4.9
5.6
5.6
12.7
6.9
10.0
12.1
6.1
15.4
14.8
(817)
6.29
2.79
(696)

up to 29
6.4
2.9
4.4
5.5
14.6
8.8
11.5
11.7
3.3
17.0
13.9
(453)
6.35
2.71
(390)

50 and more
9.0
4.1
4.3
3.8
12.7
7.1
12.2
12.4
3.8
14.3
16.4
(691)
6.13
2.85
(578)

V257.- People sometimes talk about what the aims of this country should be for the next ten years. On this card are listed
some of the goals which different people would give top priority. Would you please say which one of these you, yourself,
consider the most
Sex
TOTAL
A high level of economic growth
Making sure this country has strong defense forces
Seeing that people have more say about how are done at their jobs and in their
communities
Trying to make our cities and countryside more beautiful
Dont know
(N)

Age

69.4
7.5
14.6

73.0
6.6
15.8

66.7
8.3
13.8

71.3
4.2
17.2

70.9
5.0
16.2

50 and
more
66.4
12.7
11.1

4.6
3.8
(1,961)

2.7
1.9
(837)

6.0
5.2
(1,124)

4.0
3.3
(453)

4.9
3.1
(817)

4.6
5.1
(691)

Male

Female

up to 29

30-49

V258.- People sometimes talk about what the aims of this country should be for the next ten years. On this card are listed
some of the goals which different people would give top priority. Would you please say which one of these you, yourself,
consider the most
Sex
TOTAL
A high level of economic growth
Making sure this country has strong defense forces
Seeing that people have more say about how are done at their jobs and in their
communities
Trying to make our cities and countryside more beautiful
Dont know
(N)

Age

16.1
21.4
34.3

16.5
22.3
36.7

15.8
20.6
32.5

15.2
13.9
42.4

17.0
21.5
37.6

50 and
more
15.6
26.0
25.0

19.5
8.7
(1,961)

17.6
6.9
(837)

21.0
10.1
(1,124)

20.3
8.2
(453)

16.5
7.3
(817)

22.6
10.7
(691)

Male

Female

up to 29

30-49

Page 25 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V259.- If you had to choose, which one of the things on this card would you say is most important? And which would be the
next most important?
First choice
TOTAL
Maintaining order in the nation
Giving people more say in important government decisions
Fighting rising prices
Protecting freedom of speech
Dont know
(N)

56.9
23.4
14.3
2.1
3.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
55.6
28.2
10.9
2.6
2.7
(837)

Female
57.9
19.8
16.8
1.8
3.6
(1,124)

up to 29
48.3
30.9
13.0
3.5
4.2
(453)

Age
30-49
53.0
27.5
14.4
2.1
2.9
(817)

50 and more
67.1
13.6
14.9
1.3
3.0
(691)

V260.- If you had to choose, which one of the things on this card would you say is most important? And which would be the
next most important?
Second choice
TOTAL
Maintaining order in the nation
Giving people more say in important government decisions
Fighting rising prices
Protecting freedom of speech
Dont know
(N)

21.7
23.1
36.8
10.3
8.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
22.0
24.4
32.6
13.4
7.6
(837)

Female
21.4
22.2
39.9
8.0
8.5
(1,124)

up to 29
22.3
26.5
29.8
13.5
7.9
(453)

Age
30-49
23.6
24.0
33.9
10.4
8.1
(817)

50 and more
19.0
19.8
44.7
8.1
8.4
(691)

V261.- Here is another list. In your opinion, which one of these is most important? And what would be the next most
important?
First choice
Sex
TOTAL
A stable economy
Progress toward a less impersonal and more humane society
Progress toward a society in which Ideas count more than money
The fight against crime
Dont know
(N)

63.4
8.7
5.4
19.6
3.0
(1,961)

Male
67.5
9.4
6.0
14.9
2.2
(837)

Age
Female

up to 29

60.4
8.1
4.9
23.0
3.6
(1,124)

61.6
11.0
7.7
16.1
3.5
(453)

30-49
69.5
7.0
4.8
16.0
2.7
(817)

50 and
more
57.5
9.1
4.5
26.0
2.9
(691)

V262.- Here is another list. In your opinion, which one of these is most important? And what would be the next most
important?
Second choice
Sex
TOTAL
A stable economy
Progress toward a less impersonal and more humane society
Progress toward a society in which Ideas count more than money
The fight against crime
Dont know
(N)

18.8
20.9
11.0
42.3
7.0
(1,961)

Male
18.5
21.3
11.8
43.1
5.3
(837)

Age
Female

up to 29

19.0
20.6
10.4
41.7
8.3
(1,124)

16.6
26.5
13.5
36.4
7.1
(453)

30-49
16.6
23.0
11.6
42.6
6.1
(817)

50 and
more
22.7
14.8
8.7
45.9
8.0
(691)

Page 26 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V263.- Of course, we all hope that there will not be another war, but if it were to come to that, would you be willing to fight
for your country?
TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

67.5
13.3
19.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
75.4
11.2
13.4
(837)

Female
61.7
14.9
23.5
(1,124)

up to 29
68.9
12.6
18.5
(453)

Age
30-49
69.8
11.3
19.0
(817)

50 and more
64.0
16.2
19.8
(691)

V264.- I'm going to read out a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell
me for each one, if it were to happen, whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind?
Less emphasis on m
TOTAL
Good
Neither
Bad
No answer
(N)

40.8
15.7
42.0
1.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
39.4
15.1
44.6
1.0
(837)

Female
41.9
16.2
40.0
1.9
(1,124)

up to 29
39.7
14.8
44.6
0.9
(453)

Age
30-49
38.9
14.9
44.8
1.3
(817)

50 and more
43.8
17.2
36.9
2.0
(691)

V265.- I'm going to read out a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell
me for each one, if it were to happen, whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind?
Less importance pl
TOTAL
Good
Neither
Bad
No answer
(N)

25.3
11.0
62.0
1.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
24.4
9.7
64.9
1.1
(837)

Female
26.0
12.0
59.9
2.1
(1,124)

up to 29
30.2
11.0
58.3
0.4
(453)

Age
30-49
23.7
10.8
63.3
2.2
(817)

50 and more
23.9
11.3
63.0
1.9
(691)

V266.- I'm going to read out a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell
me for each one, if it were to happen, whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind?
More emphasis on t
TOTAL
Good
Neither
Bad
No answer
(N)

82.9
13.1
2.5
1.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
87.2
9.1
2.6
1.1
(837)

Female
79.6
16.0
2.5
1.9
(1,124)

up to 29
87.4
9.5
2.6
0.4
(453)

Age
30-49
84.2
11.8
2.4
1.6
(817)

50 and more
78.3
16.9
2.6
2.2
(691)

Page 27 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V267.- I'm going to read out a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell
me for each one, if it were to happen, whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind?
Greater emphasis o
TOTAL
Good
Neither
Bad
No answer
(N)

88.5
8.3
2.2
1.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
88.5
8.0
2.5
1.0
(837)

Female
88.4
8.5
2.0
1.1
(1,124)

up to 29
89.6
7.5
2.2
0.7
(453)

Age
30-49
90.6
6.6
1.8
1.0
(817)

50 and more
85.2
10.9
2.6
1.3
(691)

V268.- I'm going to read out a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell
me for each one, if it were to happen, whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind?
Greater respect fo
TOTAL
Good
Neither
Bad
No answer
(N)

67.0
25.7
5.6
1.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
68.9
23.8
5.9
1.4
(837)

Female
65.6
27.0
5.4
2.0
(1,124)

up to 29
58.5
31.6
8.8
1.1
(453)

Age
30-49
63.0
29.1
6.1
1.7
(817)

50 and more
77.3
17.7
2.9
2.2
(691)

V269.- I'm going to read out a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell
me for each one, if it were to happen, whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind?
More emphasis on f
TOTAL
Good
Neither
Bad
No answer
(N)

93.9
4.1
0.9
1.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
93.0
5.1
1.1
0.8
(837)

Female
94.6
3.4
0.8
1.2
(1,124)

up to 29
93.6
4.6
1.1
0.7
(453)

Age
30-49
94.1
3.7
1.1
1.1
(817)

50 and more
93.8
4.3
0.6
1.3
(691)

V270.- I'm going to read out a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell
me for each one, if it were to happen, whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind?
A simple and more
TOTAL
Good
Neither
Bad
No answer
(N)

87.8
7.9
2.6
1.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
87.1
8.2
3.3
1.3
(837)

Female
88.3
7.7
2.0
2.0
(1,124)

up to 29
87.0
8.6
2.9
1.5
(453)

Age
30-49
87.8
6.4
3.9
2.0
(817)

50 and more
88.3
9.3
0.9
1.6
(691)

Page 28 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V271.- In the long run, do you think the scientific advances we are making will help or harm mankind?
TOTAL
Help
Both
Harm
Dont know
(N)

53.9
29.5
6.9
9.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
58.1
28.8
7.4
5.7
(837)

Female
50.7
30.0
6.6
12.7
(1,124)

up to 29
55.0
29.6
6.8
8.6
(453)

Age
30-49
52.5
32.4
6.7
8.3
(817)

50 and more
54.7
25.9
7.2
12.2
(691)

V272.- I am going to name a number of organisations. For each one, could you tell me how much confidence you have in
them: is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all?
The churches
TOTAL
A lot
Quite
Not very
Notatall
Dont know
(N)

21.2
38.3
20.3
11.4
8.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
16.1
36.6
23.1
14.8
9.4
(837)

Female
24.9
39.6
18.2
8.9
8.4
(1,124)

up to 29
12.8
44.8
22.3
11.3
8.8
(453)

Age
30-49
14.9
41.7
21.8
11.8
9.8
(817)

50 and more
34.0
30.0
17.2
11.1
7.7
(691)

V273.- I am going to name a number of organisations. For each one, could you tell me how much confidence you have in
them: is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all?
The armed forces
TOTAL
A lot
Quite
Not very
Notatall
Dont know
(N)

28.7
37.2
23.3
6.2
4.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
26.3
38.5
24.5
7.5
3.2
(837)

Female
30.4
36.3
22.4
5.2
5.6
(1,124)

up to 29
14.3
39.1
30.9
10.2
5.5
(453)

Age
30-49
25.8
38.8
24.8
6.6
3.9
(817)

50 and more
41.4
34.2
16.5
3.2
4.8
(691)

V274.- I am going to name a number of organisations. For each one, could you tell me how much confidence you have in
them: is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all?
The education system
TOTAL
A lot
Quite
Not very
Notatall
Dont know
(N)

16.3
35.6
33.0
10.0
5.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
13.7
36.2
35.7
10.3
4.1
(837)

Female
18.1
35.2
31.0
9.9
5.8
(1,124)

up to 29
10.4
33.6
39.7
11.0
5.3
(453)

Age
30-49
12.5
35.3
35.6
13.1
3.5
(817)

50 and more
24.6
37.5
25.5
5.8
6.7
(691)

Page 29 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V275.- I am going to name a number of organisations. For each one, could you tell me how much confidence you have in
them: is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all?
Justice system
TOTAL
A lot
Quite
Not very
Notatall
Dont know
(N)

10.5
26.2
42.7
16.6
4.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
8.2
26.8
43.7
18.3
3.0
(837)

Female
12.2
25.8
42.0
15.3
4.7
(1,124)

up to 29
6.0
28.3
46.1
17.2
2.4
(453)

Age
30-49
7.5
24.0
44.1
21.1
3.4
(817)

50 and more
17.1
27.5
38.9
10.9
5.6
(691)

V276.- I am going to name a number of organisations. For each one, could you tell me how much confidence you have in
them: is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all?
The press
TOTAL
A lot
Quite
Not very
Notatall
Dont know
(N)

7.2
34.9
44.3
10.2
3.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
6.5
35.8
44.7
11.0
2.0
(837)

Female
7.8
34.3
44.0
9.6
4.3
(1,124)

up to 29
3.3
40.4
42.4
10.2
3.8
(453)

Age
30-49
5.8
32.2
47.6
12.0
2.4
(817)

50 and more
11.6
34.6
41.7
8.1
4.1
(691)

V277.- I am going to name a number of organisations. For each one, could you tell me how much confidence you have in
them: is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all?
Labour unions
TOTAL
A lot
Quite
Not very
Notatall
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

9.0
36.0
32.7
17.6
4.6
(1,961)
2.62
0.89
(1,870)

Sex
Male
7.8
33.1
33.0
22.6
3.6
(837)
2.73
0.91
(807)

Female
9.9
38.2
32.6
14.0
5.4
(1,124)
2.54
0.87
(1,063)

up to 29
6.2
32.7
33.6
21.0
6.6
(453)
2.74
0.88
(423)

Age
30-49
6.4
35.5
35.0
19.6
3.5
(817)
2.70
0.86
(788)

50 and more
13.9
38.8
29.5
13.2
4.6
(691)
2.44
0.90
(659)

V278.- I am going to name a number of organisations. For each one, could you tell me how much confidence you have in
them: is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all?
The police
TOTAL
A lot
Quite
Not very
Notatall
Dont know
(N)

7.2
26.9
43.1
19.9
2.9
(1,961)

Sex
Male
6.5
25.3
45.4
21.0
1.8
(837)

Female
7.8
28.0
41.5
19.0
3.6
(1,124)

up to 29
2.4
21.9
45.9
26.7
3.1
(453)

Age
30-49
4.8
25.0
45.3
22.2
2.8
(817)

50 and more
13.3
32.4
38.8
12.7
2.7
(691)

Page 30 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V279.- I am going to name a number of organisations. For each one, could you tell me how much confidence you have in
them: is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all?
Parliament
TOTAL
A lot
Quite
Not very
Notatall
Dont know
(N)

9.3
33.8
32.4
16.4
8.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
8.6
33.5
34.9
18.4
4.7
(837)

Female
9.8
34.0
30.5
14.9
10.8
(1,124)

up to 29
4.6
30.7
36.6
20.5
7.5
(453)

Age
30-49
5.8
31.7
35.9
18.5
8.2
(817)

50 and more
16.5
38.2
25.5
11.3
8.5
(691)

V280.- I am going to name a number of organisations. For each one, could you tell me how much confidence you have in
them: is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all?
The Civil service
TOTAL
A lot
Quite
Not very
Notatall
Dont know
(N)

9.0
34.9
34.0
13.6
8.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
7.3
32.7
37.6
14.9
7.4
(837)

Female
10.2
36.6
31.2
12.5
9.4
(1,124)

up to 29
3.1
32.7
38.0
16.6
9.7
(453)

Age
30-49
6.6
31.6
38.2
15.4
8.2
(817)

50 and more
15.6
40.4
26.3
9.4
8.2
(691)

V281.- I am going to name a number of organisations. For each one, could you tell me how much confidence you have in
them: is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all?
Major companies
TOTAL
A lot
Quite
Not very
Notatall
Dont know
(N)

9.6
32.8
32.2
17.6
7.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
8.4
32.9
33.7
20.1
5.0
(837)

Female
10.5
32.8
31.0
15.7
9.9
(1,124)

up to 29
3.3
29.4
38.4
22.3
6.6
(453)

Age
30-49
6.0
31.0
36.4
19.1
7.6
(817)

50 and more
17.9
37.3
23.2
12.7
8.8
(691)

V282.- I am going to name a number of organisations. For each one, could you tell me how much confidence you have in
them: is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all?
The Social security system
TOTAL
A lot
Quite
Not very
Notatall
Dont know
(N)

15.0
46.4
22.7
7.9
8.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
15.8
48.4
23.2
8.2
4.4
(837)

Female
14.4
44.9
22.4
7.6
10.7
(1,124)

up to 29
8.2
52.3
23.4
8.6
7.5
(453)

Age
30-49
12.2
46.3
25.1
8.2
8.2
(817)

50 and more
22.7
42.7
19.5
6.9
8.1
(691)

Page 31 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V283.- I am going to name a number of organisations. For each one, could you tell me how much confidence you have in
them: is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all?
Television
TOTAL
a lot
quite
not very
notatall
Dont know
(N)

10.4
42.8
36.1
6.6
4.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
9.0
44.9
36.2
7.2
2.7
(837)

Female
11.4
41.2
36.0
6.1
5.2
(1,124)

up to 29
8.2
47.0
33.6
7.3
4.0
(453)

Age
30-49
7.2
41.2
40.0
7.5
4.0
(817)

50 and more
15.5
41.8
33.1
5.1
4.5
(691)

V284.- I am going to name a number of organisations. For each one, could you tell me how much confidence you have in
them: is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all?
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisa
TOTAL
a lot
quite
not very
notatall
Dont know
(N)

16.2
46.5
21.4
7.9
8.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
16.8
47.3
22.5
8.2
5.1
(837)

Female
15.7
45.9
20.6
7.7
10.2
(1,124)

up to 29
9.5
51.2
22.7
9.5
7.1
(453)

Age
30-49
13.5
47.9
23.1
7.8
7.7
(817)

50 and more
23.7
41.8
18.4
6.9
9.1
(691)

V285.- I am going to name a number of organisations. For each one, could you tell me how much confidence you have in
them: is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all?
Political parties
TOTAL
a lot
quite
not very
notatall
Dont know
(N)

10.2
30.4
30.4
18.2
10.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
8.4
30.9
32.9
21.0
6.8
(837)

Female
11.7
30.1
28.6
16.1
13.6
(1,124)

up to 29
4.4
26.7
33.6
25.4
9.9
(453)

Age
30-49
6.7
31.0
32.8
20.0
9.5
(817)

50 and more
18.2
32.3
25.5
11.4
12.6
(691)

V290.- There are a number of groups and movements looking for public support. For each of the following movements,
which I read out, can you tell me whether you approve or disapprove of this movement? (Read out and code one answer for
each) Please use the respon
TOTAL
Approv+
Approve
Disappro
Disapp+
Dont know
(N)

70.4
24.3
1.3
1.1
2.9
(1,961)

Sex
Male
67.0
27.6
1.8
1.1
2.5
(837)

Female
72.9
21.8
1.0
1.2
3.2
(1,124)

up to 29
72.4
21.9
1.8
1.1
2.9
(453)

Age
30-49
67.3
28.0
1.2
1.3
2.1
(817)

50 and more
72.6
21.4
1.2
0.9
3.9
(691)

Page 32 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V291.- There are a number of groups and movements looking for public support. For each of the following movements,
which I read out, can you tell me whether you approve or disapprove of this movement? (Read out and code one answer for
each) Please use the respon
TOTAL
Approv+
Approve
Disappro
Disapp+
Dont know
(N)

38.3
36.6
14.4
4.9
5.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
30.8
38.2
19.2
7.2
4.5
(837)

Female
43.9
35.3
10.8
3.3
6.8
(1,124)

up to 29
35.3
38.0
16.8
4.9
5.1
(453)

Age
30-49
34.3
40.0
14.6
5.8
5.4
(817)

50 and more
45.0
31.5
12.6
4.1
6.8
(691)

V292.- There are a number of groups and movements looking for public support. For each of the following movements,
which I read out, can you tell me whether you approve or disapprove of this movement? (Read out and code one answer for
each) Please use the respon
TOTAL
Approv+
Approve
Disappro
Disapp+
Dont know
(N)

60.7
29.6
4.1
1.3
4.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
59.7
31.4
4.8
1.1
3.0
(837)

Female
61.5
28.3
3.6
1.5
5.2
(1,124)

up to 29
60.9
30.9
3.3
0.9
4.0
(453)

Age
30-49
57.2
32.4
5.5
1.5
3.4
(817)

50 and more
64.8
25.5
2.9
1.4
5.4
(691)

V293.- There are a number of groups and movements looking for public support. For each of the following movements,
which I read out, can you tell me whether you approve or disapprove of this movement? (Read out and code one answer for
each) Please use the respon
TOTAL
Approv+
Approve
Disappro
Disapp+
Dont know
(N)

66.0
24.0
2.9
1.1
6.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
66.4
23.8
3.7
1.8
4.3
(837)

Female
65.7
24.1
2.2
0.6
7.3
(1,124)

up to 29
69.5
22.3
2.2
2.0
4.0
(453)

Age
30-49
64.9
26.3
3.4
1.2
4.2
(817)

50 and more
65.1
22.3
2.6
0.4
9.6
(691)

V294.- There are a number of groups and movements looking for public support. For each of the following movements,
which I read out, can you tell me whether you approve or disapprove of this movement? (Read out and code one answer for
each) Please use the respon
TOTAL
Approv+
Approve
Disappro
Disapp+
Dont know
(N)

44.4
36.6
7.8
2.1
9.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
34.8
41.1
10.3
3.0
10.9
(837)

Female
51.5
33.2
5.9
1.5
7.9
(1,124)

up to 29
43.7
38.0
7.9
3.1
7.3
(453)

Age
30-49
40.9
39.4
9.8
1.8
8.1
(817)

50 and more
48.9
32.3
5.2
1.9
11.7
(691)

Page 33 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V295.- There are a number of groups and movements looking for public support. For each of the following movements,
which I read out, can you tell me whether you approve or disapprove of this movement? (Read out and code one answer for
each) Please use the respon
TOTAL
Approv+
Approve
Disappro
Disapp+
Dont know
(N)

41.3
27.4
3.8
1.7
25.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
43.4
30.5
4.8
2.2
19.2
(837)

Female
39.7
25.1
3.1
1.4
30.7
(1,124)

up to 29
41.5
31.1
6.8
2.0
18.5
(453)

Age
30-49
38.9
29.7
3.4
2.2
25.7
(817)

50 and more
43.8
22.1
2.3
1.0
30.7
(691)

V296.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Claiming government benefits to whi
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

59.3
8.7
7.1
3.7
7.1
1.6
1.4
0.9
0.5
1.5
8.2
(1,961)
2.12
1.98
(1,800)

Sex
Male
56.6
10.5
8.1
3.9
7.6
1.4
1.4
0.5
0.6
1.6
7.6
(837)
2.16
1.95
(773)

Female
61.2
7.3
6.3
3.5
6.8
1.8
1.4
1.2
0.4
1.5
8.6
(1,124)
2.10
2.00
(1,027)

up to 29
48.8
9.1
8.6
4.2
10.6
2.2
1.8
1.5
1.3
2.9
9.1
(453)
2.65
2.38
(412)

Age
30-49
56.7
8.3
8.4
3.9
8.4
1.6
1.3
0.7
0.4
1.0
9.2
(817)
2.14
1.88
(742)

50 and more
69.2
8.8
4.5
3.0
3.3
1.3
1.3
0.6
0.1
1.3
6.5
(691)
1.76
1.72
(646)

Page 34 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V297.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Avoiding a fare on public transport
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

49.8
9.6
10.4
4.6
9.7
2.3
2.7
2.0
1.3
3.9
3.7
(1,961)
2.76
2.49
(1,888)

Sex
Male
45.6
11.1
10.4
4.8
10.6
2.6
2.6
2.0
1.4
5.3
3.5
(837)
2.98
2.63
(808)

Female
52.9
8.5
10.4
4.5
9.1
2.0
2.7
2.0
1.2
2.8
3.9
(1,124)
2.60
2.37
(1,080)

up to 29
35.5
7.1
13.0
6.6
14.1
4.4
2.9
4.2
2.0
6.8
3.3
(453)
3.64
2.82
(438)

Age
30-49
47.6
10.6
11.9
4.4
9.5
2.1
3.2
1.8
1.2
3.4
4.2
(817)
2.76
2.43
(783)

50 and more
61.8
10.0
6.9
3.6
7.1
1.2
1.9
0.7
0.9
2.5
3.5
(691)
2.18
2.13
(667)

V298.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Cheating on taxes if you have a cha
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

47.8
8.2
7.6
4.3
7.9
2.7
2.6
3.7
1.4
4.0
9.7
(1,961)
2.89
2.66
(1,770)

Sex
Male
44.6
9.0
9.6
5.1
7.3
2.6
3.5
4.4
1.3
5.5
7.2
(837)
3.13
2.80
(777)

Female
50.3
7.7
6.2
3.6
8.3
2.8
2.0
3.1
1.5
2.9
11.7
(1,124)
2.70
2.54
(993)

up to 29
31.6
6.8
7.5
6.8
11.3
2.9
4.6
6.8
2.9
8.2
10.6
(453)
4.06
3.10
(405)

Age
30-49
45.0
9.2
9.9
4.3
7.8
3.2
2.7
3.1
1.2
3.4
10.2
(817)
2.86
2.55
(734)

50 and more
61.8
8.0
5.1
2.6
5.6
2.0
1.2
2.3
0.7
2.0
8.7
(691)
2.16
2.19
(631)

Page 35 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V299.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card.
Buy stolen goods
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

77.1
6.4
3.9
2.2
2.8
1.5
1.2
0.9
0.5
0.6
2.8
(1,961)
1.65
1.62
(1,906)

Sex
Male
72.0
7.8
4.7
2.6
4.4
2.0
1.3
1.0
0.4
0.8
3.0
(837)
1.80
1.74
(812)

Female
80.9
5.3
3.4
2.0
1.6
1.2
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
2.7
(1,124)
1.53
1.51
(1,094)

up to 29
59.4
9.3
6.0
3.3
6.2
3.8
2.6
2.6
1.1
2.0
3.8
(453)
2.41
2.33
(436)

Age
30-49
77.8
6.4
4.3
3.1
2.4
1.3
0.9
0.5
0.5
0.2
2.6
(817)
1.57
1.43
(796)

50 and more
87.8
4.5
2.2
0.6
1.0
0.3
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.1
2.5
(691)
1.24
0.96
(674)

V300.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Taking and driving away a car belon
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

91.2
3.2
1.1
0.6
0.7
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.4
1.8
(1,961)
1.21
1.00
(1,926)

Sex
Male
89.6
3.8
1.6
0.6
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.7
0.4
0.7
1.3
(837)
1.30
1.24
(826)

Female
92.3
2.8
0.7
0.5
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
2.1
(1,124)
1.14
0.77
(1,100)

up to 29
85.0
4.9
2.6
1.3
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.4
1.8
(453)
1.42
1.39
(445)

Age
30-49
92.3
3.1
0.9
0.4
1.0
0.4
0.2
0.5
1.3
(817)
1.19
0.98
(806)

50 and more
93.9
2.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.1
2.3
(691)
1.09
0.64
(675)

Page 36 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V301.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Taking the drug marijuana or hashis
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

91.5
2.3
1.2
0.9
1.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
1.9
(1,961)
1.19
0.88
(1,923)

Sex
Male
89.0
3.6
1.9
1.2
1.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.5
1.7
(837)
1.26
1.05
(823)

Female
93.3
1.4
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.1
2.1
(1,124)
1.14
0.73
(1,100)

up to 29
84.1
4.4
2.4
2.6
2.9
0.4
0.9
0.2
0.7
1.3
(453)
1.44
1.32
(447)

Age
30-49
92.5
2.2
1.5
0.4
0.9
0.2
0.2
0.2
1.8
(817)
1.15
0.78
(802)

50 and more
95.1
1.2
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.1
2.5
(691)
1.07
0.54
(674)

V302.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card.
Keeping money that you have found
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

49.1
10.0
8.9
4.8
9.2
2.2
2.1
2.8
2.2
4.1
4.5
(1,961)
2.85
2.61
(1,873)

Sex
Male
40.6
11.9
10.3
5.9
11.2
2.9
2.0
3.0
3.0
5.5
3.7
(837)
3.24
2.75
(806)

Female
55.4
8.6
7.8
4.1
7.7
1.7
2.2
2.7
1.7
3.0
5.1
(1,124)
2.56
2.46
(1,067)

up to 29
31.3
9.9
9.3
7.5
11.9
2.4
3.8
5.7
5.1
8.4
4.6
(453)
4.04
3.09
(432)

Age
30-49
45.8
10.9
9.8
4.5
10.6
2.4
2.6
2.4
2.1
3.5
5.3
(817)
2.90
2.55
(774)

50 and more
64.7
9.1
7.5
3.5
5.6
1.7
0.6
1.3
0.6
1.9
3.5
(691)
2.04
1.97
(667)

Page 37 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V303.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Lying in your own interest
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

46.4
11.9
13.2
5.0
9.5
2.7
2.0
2.1
0.9
1.7
4.6
(1,961)
2.61
2.18
(1,871)

Sex
Male
41.0
13.1
13.9
5.7
11.1
3.1
2.0
2.2
1.1
2.7
4.1
(837)
2.86
2.31
(803)

Female
50.4
11.0
12.7
4.4
8.3
2.3
2.0
2.0
0.7
1.0
5.0
(1,124)
2.43
2.05
(1,068)

up to 29
30.0
12.1
11.7
6.8
13.2
6.8
4.0
4.4
2.6
3.8
4.4
(453)
3.65
2.64
(433)

Age
30-49
41.4
13.3
16.8
5.3
10.2
2.1
2.0
2.0
0.5
1.5
5.1
(817)
2.65
2.06
(775)

50 and more
63.1
10.1
10.0
3.5
6.2
0.6
0.9
0.7
0.1
0.7
4.1
(691)
1.90
1.62
(663)

V304.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Married men/women having an affair
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

46.5
7.3
8.7
4.9
12.9
3.5
2.6
2.8
1.5
3.2
6.2
(1,961)
2.96
2.53
(1,840)

Sex
Male
39.5
7.8
9.4
5.7
14.1
4.7
3.2
3.2
1.7
3.6
7.0
(837)
3.27
2.61
(778)

Female
51.7
6.9
8.2
4.4
11.9
2.6
2.1
2.5
1.3
2.8
5.5
(1,124)
2.73
2.45
(1,062)

up to 29
32.0
6.6
9.5
4.9
14.1
4.9
3.3
6.4
4.4
6.8
7.1
(453)
4.04
3.02
(421)

Age
30-49
43.1
8.0
10.0
6.4
13.7
3.7
3.3
2.1
0.6
2.8
6.4
(817)
2.98
2.40
(765)

50 and more
60.1
6.9
6.7
3.3
11.0
2.3
1.3
1.3
0.6
1.2
5.4
(691)
2.24
2.04
(654)

Page 38 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V305.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Sex under the legal age of consent
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

58.9
7.4
5.9
3.2
8.3
2.7
1.8
2.6
1.0
2.1
6.1
(1,961)
2.40
2.31
(1,842)

Sex
Male
51.1
7.9
5.9
3.8
10.9
3.3
2.3
3.3
1.8
3.3
6.3
(837)
2.84
2.61
(784)

Female
64.8
7.0
5.9
2.8
6.4
2.2
1.4
2.0
0.4
1.2
5.9
(1,124)
2.07
2.01
(1,058)

up to 29
38.0
7.7
7.7
3.8
12.6
4.6
3.5
6.2
3.1
6.2
6.6
(453)
3.71
2.99
(423)

Age
30-49
55.4
9.2
6.2
4.5
9.5
2.4
1.8
2.4
0.7
1.1
6.5
(817)
2.39
2.15
(764)

50 and more
76.8
5.1
4.2
1.3
4.1
1.7
0.6
0.4
0.6
5.2
(691)
1.57
1.45
(655)

V306.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Someone accepting a bribe in the co
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

82.7
5.4
3.5
1.2
1.4
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.4
0.5
2.7
(1,961)
1.44
1.37
(1,909)

Sex
Male
80.2
6.1
4.4
1.3
1.2
0.7
0.7
1.7
0.5
1.0
2.3
(837)
1.57
1.62
(818)

Female
84.6
4.9
2.8
1.2
1.6
0.4
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.1
2.9
(1,124)
1.34
1.15
(1,091)

up to 29
71.5
6.6
5.5
1.8
3.1
1.1
2.2
2.2
0.9
1.1
4.0
(453)
1.90
1.98
(435)

Age
30-49
83.6
5.8
4.0
0.9
1.3
0.5
0.2
0.6
0.4
0.4
2.3
(817)
1.37
1.21
(798)

50 and more
89.0
4.2
1.6
1.3
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.1
0.1
2.2
(691)
1.22
0.95
(676)

Page 39 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V307.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Homosexuality
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

82.7
2.9
1.5
0.9
2.7
0.9
0.4
0.8
0.3
0.5
6.4
(1,961)
1.41
1.39
(1,836)

Sex
Male
83.3
2.9
1.8
0.7
3.0
0.7
0.4
1.3
0.4
0.2
5.4
(837)
1.43
1.40
(792)

Female
82.3
2.9
1.3
1.1
2.5
1.0
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.7
7.1
(1,124)
1.40
1.38
(1,044)

up to 29
76.8
4.0
3.1
1.1
4.9
1.3
0.7
1.8
0.2
1.1
5.1
(453)
1.71
1.79
(430)

Age
30-49
83.1
3.3
1.5
1.2
3.2
0.7
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.4
5.0
(817)
1.43
1.39
(776)

50 and more
86.1
1.7
0.6
0.4
0.7
0.7
0.1
0.4
0.3
8.8
(691)
1.19
0.96
(630)

V308.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Prostitution
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

74.5
5.1
4.5
1.9
5.3
1.3
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.8
3.7
(1,961)
1.77
1.75
(1,888)

Sex
Male
63.6
6.5
6.3
2.7
8.7
2.5
1.9
1.7
0.8
1.3
3.9
(837)
2.21
2.11
(804)

Female
82.6
4.1
3.2
1.2
2.7
0.4
1.2
0.5
0.2
0.4
3.6
(1,124)
1.44
1.34
(1,084)

up to 29
58.9
5.5
7.3
3.5
8.8
2.2
3.8
2.4
1.1
2.0
4.4
(453)
2.50
2.37
(433)

Age
30-49
73.6
5.8
4.8
2.1
6.0
1.5
1.3
0.9
0.2
0.2
3.7
(817)
1.74
1.61
(787)

50 and more
85.7
4.1
2.5
0.6
2.0
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.6
3.3
(691)
1.33
1.21
(668)

Page 40 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V309.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Abortion
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

18.0
4.1
8.4
7.7
29.5
9.1
4.4
6.4
2.2
3.9
6.2
(1,961)
4.54
2.46
(1,839)

Sex
Male
18.4
3.9
9.3
8.5
30.8
8.5
4.7
5.5
1.6
2.0
6.8
(837)
4.34
2.29
(780)

Female
17.7
4.2
7.7
7.1
28.5
9.6
4.2
7.1
2.8
5.3
5.8
(1,124)
4.69
2.56
(1,059)

up to 29
15.9
3.8
10.6
6.4
24.7
9.1
5.7
10.4
3.1
5.1
5.3
(453)
4.86
2.60
(429)

Age
30-49
14.7
3.2
8.2
8.2
31.9
8.6
5.3
6.6
2.3
4.0
7.0
(817)
4.74
2.38
(760)

50 and more
23.3
5.4
7.2
8.0
29.7
9.8
2.5
3.6
1.6
3.0
5.9
(691)
4.10
2.39
(650)

V310.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Divorce
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

15.5
3.7
7.4
6.3
31.9
9.6
5.6
6.5
2.0
5.2
6.3
(1,961)
4.79
2.46
(1,837)

Sex
Male
13.9
4.2
7.2
7.5
33.9
8.5
5.5
6.2
1.9
4.3
6.9
(837)
4.76
2.35
(779)

Female
16.6
3.3
7.7
5.4
30.3
10.4
5.6
6.8
2.1
5.9
5.9
(1,124)
4.82
2.53
(1,058)

up to 29
11.3
4.4
6.0
4.4
30.2
9.5
6.8
7.7
3.5
8.8
7.3
(453)
5.32
2.59
(420)

Age
30-49
13.6
3.2
6.9
6.4
33.3
8.9
6.6
8.1
1.5
5.0
6.6
(817)
4.93
2.40
(763)

50 and more
20.4
3.8
9.1
7.5
31.3
10.4
3.5
3.9
1.7
3.0
5.4
(691)
4.29
2.34
(654)

Page 41 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V311.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card.
Fighting with the police
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

33.9
9.0
10.0
6.3
16.3
6.4
3.6
3.5
1.7
2.0
7.4
(1,961)
3.40
2.46
(1,815)

Sex
Male
28.9
9.1
12.8
6.7
17.0
7.4
3.7
4.5
2.0
2.3
5.6
(837)
3.65
2.49
(790)

Female
37.5
9.0
7.9
6.0
15.7
5.6
3.5
2.8
1.4
1.8
8.8
(1,124)
3.21
2.43
(1,025)

up to 29
19.9
6.8
10.2
7.3
22.3
9.1
6.4
5.3
2.0
4.2
6.6
(453)
4.35
2.55
(423)

Age
30-49
27.5
8.7
11.0
7.0
18.5
6.1
3.7
4.8
2.3
2.0
8.4
(817)
3.71
2.49
(748)

50 and more
50.5
10.9
8.7
4.8
9.7
4.9
1.6
0.9
0.7
0.6
6.8
(691)
2.42
2.00
(644)

V312.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Euthanasia ending the life of the i
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

43.1
5.2
5.4
3.1
9.0
3.3
3.1
5.7
2.8
8.0
11.5
(1,961)
3.59
3.18
(1,735)

Sex
Male
40.3
5.0
5.3
3.5
10.2
3.8
2.9
6.0
2.9
7.9
12.4
(837)
3.72
3.18
(733)

Female
45.2
5.2
5.5
2.8
8.1
2.8
3.2
5.5
2.7
8.0
10.9
(1,124)
3.50
3.18
(1,002)

up to 29
34.4
5.7
5.7
4.6
10.6
3.3
4.0
5.5
4.4
10.8
10.8
(453)
4.20
3.32
(404)

Age
30-49
40.9
5.6
6.0
2.6
10.2
3.4
3.4
7.1
2.8
7.1
10.9
(817)
3.69
3.15
(728)

50 and more
51.4
4.2
4.5
2.7
6.5
3.0
2.0
4.2
1.6
7.1
12.7
(691)
3.07
3.04
(603)

Page 42 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V313.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Suicide
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

61.5
6.7
5.2
2.8
7.6
2.8
1.8
1.7
1.1
1.5
7.3
(1,961)
2.24
2.19
(1,817)

Sex
Male
60.9
6.2
5.4
2.9
8.7
2.5
2.4
2.2
1.2
1.1
6.6
(837)
2.30
2.20
(782)

Female
61.9
7.0
5.0
2.8
6.9
2.9
1.3
1.4
1.0
1.9
7.9
(1,124)
2.19
2.18
(1,035)

up to 29
54.5
7.1
5.7
4.2
10.2
3.3
2.2
2.9
1.3
2.2
6.4
(453)
2.62
2.43
(424)

Age
30-49
58.5
7.3
6.0
2.7
8.2
2.6
1.8
1.8
0.7
1.7
8.6
(817)
2.29
2.20
(747)

50 and more
69.6
5.6
3.8
2.0
5.4
2.6
1.4
0.9
1.3
0.9
6.5
(691)
1.93
1.96
(646)

V314.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card.
Failing to report damage you've done accidentally to a parked vehicle
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

51.7
8.6
8.0
3.8
7.1
2.2
1.4
1.7
1.0
2.4
12.0
(1,961)
2.44
2.29
(1,726)

Sex
Male
44.1
11.0
9.6
4.8
9.6
3.0
1.4
2.6
1.4
3.5
9.1
(837)
2.84
2.49
(761)

Female
57.3
6.9
6.8
3.1
5.2
1.7
1.4
1.1
0.7
1.7
14.1
(1,124)
2.12
2.07
(965)

up to 29
38.4
9.5
8.6
6.0
9.7
3.5
2.9
3.1
2.2
3.5
12.6
(453)
3.17
2.65
(396)

Age
30-49
46.8
9.9
9.7
3.7
8.4
2.6
1.2
1.5
1.1
2.8
12.4
(817)
2.58
2.33
(716)

50 and more
66.1
6.5
5.5
2.6
3.8
1.0
0.7
1.2
0.1
1.3
11.1
(691)
1.80
1.77
(614)

Page 43 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V315.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card.
Threatening workers who refuse to join a strike
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

65.6
8.1
4.4
1.9
4.1
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.9
12.9
(1,961)
1.70
1.62
(1,708)

Sex
Male
63.9
10.5
5.7
2.7
4.5
0.6
0.7
0.4
0.7
0.8
9.3
(837)
1.79
1.65
(759)

Female
66.8
6.2
3.5
1.2
3.7
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.2
0.9
15.6
(1,124)
1.62
1.59
(949)

up to 29
59.2
12.6
5.1
1.8
6.2
1.1
0.4
0.7
1.8
11.3
(453)
1.93
1.84
(402)

Age
30-49
66.0
7.6
4.7
2.3
4.4
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.5
0.5
11.9
(817)
1.72
1.61
(720)

50 and more
69.3
5.6
3.8
1.4
2.3
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.1
0.7
15.2
(691)
1.51
1.42
(586)

V316.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card.
Killing in self-defence
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

10.0
2.2
3.1
3.2
12.5
5.0
5.9
13.5
9.6
26.3
8.6
(1,961)
6.87
3.03
(1,793)

Sex
Male
6.3
2.3
2.2
2.4
14.0
4.5
5.4
15.4
11.6
28.2
7.8
(837)
7.28
2.78
(772)

Female
12.7
2.2
3.8
3.8
11.5
5.3
6.3
12.0
8.2
24.9
9.2
(1,124)
6.57
3.17
(1,021)

up to 29
6.6
2.4
3.1
1.8
14.6
2.9
6.4
12.4
10.6
33.6
5.7
(453)
7.35
2.86
(427)

Age
30-49
8.9
2.4
3.1
3.5
10.9
5.0
5.9
14.9
11.4
24.2
9.7
(817)
6.94
2.96
(738)

50 and more
13.5
1.9
3.2
3.8
13.2
6.4
5.6
12.4
6.9
24.0
9.1
(691)
6.47
3.16
(628)

Page 44 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V317.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Political assassinations
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

69.0
6.4
4.3
2.1
4.3
0.7
0.8
0.6
0.1
1.0
10.7
(1,961)
1.68
1.61
(1,752)

Sex
Male
69.3
7.2
5.3
2.5
4.1
0.6
0.8
0.6
1.0
8.7
(837)
1.68
1.57
(764)

Female
68.9
5.9
3.6
1.8
4.5
0.8
0.8
0.5
0.2
1.0
12.1
(1,124)
1.67
1.63
(988)

up to 29
58.3
8.6
6.8
4.0
6.8
1.1
1.8
0.9
0.9
10.8
(453)
2.03
1.81
(404)

Age
30-49
69.9
6.6
3.8
1.8
4.7
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.1
1.1
9.7
(817)
1.70
1.66
(738)

50 and more
75.1
4.8
3.2
1.2
2.3
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.9
11.7
(691)
1.42
1.32
(610)

V318.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Throwing away litter in a public pl
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

67.4
10.4
8.7
2.8
4.2
1.4
0.9
0.5
0.3
0.8
2.6
(1,961)
1.81
1.61
(1,910)

Sex
Male
59.3
13.4
11.2
3.5
5.5
1.4
1.1
0.4
0.5
1.2
2.6
(837)
2.02
1.75
(815)

Female
73.5
8.2
6.9
2.2
3.3
1.3
0.7
0.6
0.2
0.5
2.6
(1,124)
1.65
1.47
(1,095)

up to 29
53.4
11.7
11.3
3.8
8.4
2.6
2.0
1.3
1.1
2.0
2.4
(453)
2.44
2.17
(442)

Age
30-49
65.4
12.6
9.4
3.3
4.2
1.0
0.7
0.4
0.4
2.7
(817)
1.75
1.40
(795)

50 and more
79.0
6.9
6.2
1.4
1.6
1.0
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.6
2.6
(691)
1.45
1.24
(673)

Page 45 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V319.- Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or
something in between, using this card. (Read out statements. Code one answer for each statement).
Driving under the influence of alco
TOTAL
Never
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Always
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

81.1
7.1
4.1
1.5
1.6
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.3
2.5
(1,961)
1.41
1.19
(1,912)

Sex
Male
73.6
9.9
5.9
2.9
2.2
0.7
1.1
0.5
0.5
0.2
2.6
(837)
1.60
1.39
(815)

Female
86.7
5.0
2.8
0.5
1.2
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
2.4
(1,124)
1.27
1.00
(1,097)

up to 29
69.1
10.4
7.7
2.9
3.5
0.9
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.7
2.2
(453)
1.79
1.64
(443)

Age
30-49
80.7
8.2
3.7
1.3
1.7
0.7
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.1
2.2
(817)
1.41
1.17
(799)

50 and more
89.6
3.6
2.3
0.9
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
3.0
(691)
1.15
0.70
(670)

V320.- To which of these geographical groups would you say you belong first of all?. And the next?
And which do you belong to least of all?
First
TOTAL
Town
Region
Country
Continent
World
Dont know
(N)

31.7
22.8
10.0
15.1
16.5
3.9
(1,961)

Sex
Male
29.3
24.7
9.9
14.9
18.0
3.1
(837)

Female
33.5
21.4
10.1
15.2
15.4
4.5
(1,124)

up to 29
33.8
19.6
8.2
19.6
15.9
2.9
(453)

Age
30-49
29.1
24.1
9.5
15.9
17.1
4.2
(817)

50 and more
33.3
23.3
11.7
11.1
16.2
4.3
(691)

V321.- To which of these geographical groups would you say you belong first of all?. And the next?
And which do you belong to least of all?
Second
TOTAL
Town
Region
Country
Continent
World
Dont know
(N)

15.7
25.5
16.4
18.1
14.4
9.9
(1,961)

Sex
Male
16.1
27.1
15.5
17.0
15.9
8.4
(837)

Female
15.3
24.4
17.1
18.9
13.3
11.1
(1,124)

up to 29
14.3
24.9
12.4
23.4
16.6
8.4
(453)

Age
30-49
14.6
24.8
18.8
17.0
14.6
10.2
(817)

50 and more
17.8
26.8
16.2
15.8
12.7
10.7
(691)

Page 46 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V322.- How proud are you to be [Nationality]?


TOTAL
Very
Quite
Not very
Notatall
Dont know
(N)

24.9
36.7
20.0
12.7
5.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
21.4
36.6
21.1
15.1
5.9
(837)

Female
27.5
36.8
19.1
10.9
5.6
(1,124)

up to 29
13.9
32.7
28.3
19.0
6.2
(453)

Age
30-49
17.6
39.8
21.5
14.8
6.2
(817)

50 and more
40.7
35.7
12.7
6.1
4.8
(691)

V323.- Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 means
you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if
your views fall some
TOTAL
Cautious
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Bold
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

12.4
5.0
8.7
8.5
21.0
8.3
9.5
8.6
2.5
9.4
6.0
(1,961)
5.21
2.70
(1,843)

Sex
Male
9.3
4.8
8.8
8.8
19.7
9.3
13.1
9.3
2.7
9.6
4.4
(837)
5.46
2.60
(800)

Female
14.8
5.2
8.6
8.3
21.9
7.5
6.9
8.0
2.3
9.3
7.2
(1,124)
5.01
2.76
(1,043)

up to 29
9.7
4.2
6.2
6.8
19.2
7.9
11.9
11.0
4.2
13.9
4.9
(453)
5.85
2.77
(431)

Age
30-49
11.4
4.3
9.1
9.2
21.1
9.8
10.6
9.1
2.4
9.2
3.9
(817)
5.29
2.62
(785)

50 and more
15.5
6.5
10.0
8.8
22.0
6.7
6.7
6.4
1.4
6.8
9.3
(691)
4.65
2.63
(627)

V324.- Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 means
you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if
your views fall some
TOTAL
Cautious
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Bold
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

18.5
6.9
8.5
7.9
24.1
9.4
5.7
5.4
1.4
5.5
6.6
(1,961)
4.47
2.57
(1,831)

Sex
Male
15.9
4.9
8.8
8.8
22.9
11.6
7.6
7.0
1.4
5.7
5.1
(837)
4.76
2.54
(794)

Female
20.4
8.5
8.3
7.2
25.0
7.8
4.2
4.2
1.4
5.3
7.7
(1,124)
4.25
2.57
(1,037)

up to 29
11.5
4.4
5.3
7.1
26.7
12.6
6.8
7.5
2.2
9.9
6.0
(453)
5.32
2.60
(426)

Age
30-49
18.1
7.2
8.4
8.1
24.6
10.3
6.1
5.6
1.6
5.0
4.9
(817)
4.49
2.53
(777)

50 and more
23.4
8.2
10.7
8.2
21.9
6.4
4.3
3.8
0.7
3.2
9.1
(691)
3.87
2.42
(628)

Page 47 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V325.- Now I want to ask you some questions about your outlook on life. Each card I show you has two contrasting
statements on it. Using the scale listed, could you tell me where you would place your own view? 1 means you agree
completely with the statement on t
TOTAL
Cautious
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Bold
Dont know
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

14.5
7.0
9.3
7.6
22.2
7.1
8.7
7.3
2.6
7.4
6.3
(1,961)
4.88
2.68
(1,837)

Sex
Male
10.8
6.2
10.0
8.1
23.7
7.5
10.6
7.5
3.0
6.3
6.2
(837)
5.05
2.53
(785)

Female
17.3
7.6
8.8
7.2
21.2
6.8
7.2
7.1
2.3
8.2
6.4
(1,124)
4.75
2.78
(1,052)

up to 29
9.5
4.0
6.8
6.0
21.0
9.7
12.8
10.2
4.2
9.9
6.0
(453)
5.67
2.63
(426)

Age
30-49
13.0
7.2
9.7
9.3
21.2
7.8
8.9
8.7
2.2
8.1
3.9
(817)
4.99
2.66
(785)

50 and more
19.5
8.7
10.6
6.7
24.3
4.5
5.6
3.8
2.0
4.9
9.4
(691)
4.20
2.57
(626)

V326.- A variety of characteristics are listed here. Could you take a look at them and select those which apply to you?
I usually count on being successful in everything I do
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

45.1
54.9
(1,961)

Sex
Male
53.9
46.1
(837)

Female
38.5
61.5
(1,124)

up to 29
48.8
51.2
(453)

Age
30-49
45.8
54.2
(817)

50 and more
41.8
58.2
(691)

V327.- A variety of characteristics are listed here. Could you take a look at them and select those which apply to you?
I enjoy convincing others of my opinion
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

18.9
81.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
20.7
79.3
(837)

Female
17.6
82.4
(1,124)

up to 29
17.9
82.1
(453)

Age
30-49
17.9
82.1
(817)

50 and more
20.8
79.2
(691)

V328.- A variety of characteristics are listed here. Could you take a look at them and select those which apply to you?
I often notice that I serve as a model for others
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

9.0
91.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
8.8
91.2
(837)

Female
9.1
90.9
(1,124)

up to 29
4.6
95.4
(453)

Age
30-49
7.8
92.2
(817)

50 and more
13.2
86.8
(691)

Page 48 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V329.- A variety of characteristics are listed here. Could you take a look at them and select those which apply to you?
I am good at getting what I want
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

30.9
69.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
33.9
66.1
(837)

Female
28.6
71.4
(1,124)

up to 29
40.2
59.8
(453)

Age
30-49
33.0
67.0
(817)

50 and more
22.3
77.7
(691)

V330.- A variety of characteristics are listed here. Could you take a look at them and select those which apply to you?
I own many things others envy me for
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

12.7
87.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
11.4
88.6
(837)

Female
13.7
86.3
(1,124)

up to 29
13.2
86.8
(453)

Age
30-49
13.5
86.5
(817)

50 and more
11.4
88.6
(691)

V331.- A variety of characteristics are listed here. Could you take a look at them and select those which apply to you?
I like to assume responsibility
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

24.4
75.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
27.0
73.0
(837)

Female
22.5
77.5
(1,124)

up to 29
19.9
80.1
(453)

Age
30-49
24.4
75.6
(817)

50 and more
27.5
72.5
(691)

V332.- A variety of characteristics are listed here. Could you take a look at them and select those which apply to you?
I am rarely unsure about how I should behave
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

35.0
65.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
35.6
64.4
(837)

Female
34.6
65.4
(1,124)

up to 29
38.0
62.0
(453)

Age
30-49
36.8
63.2
(817)

50 and more
31.0
69.0
(691)

V333.- A variety of characteristics are listed here. Could you take a look at them and select those which apply to you?
I often give others advice
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

22.5
77.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
20.8
79.2
(837)

Female
23.8
76.2
(1,124)

up to 29
20.3
79.7
(453)

Age
30-49
17.1
82.9
(817)

50 and more
30.4
69.6
(691)

V334.- A variety of characteristics are listed here. Could you take a look at them and select those which apply to you?
None of the above
TOTAL
Mention
No
(N)

21.4
78.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
17.6
82.4
(837)

Female
24.2
75.8
(1,124)

up to 29
17.0
83.0
(453)

Age
30-49
21.4
78.6
(817)

50 and more
24.2
75.8
(691)

Page 49 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V335.- I am going to read out some statements about the government and the economy. For each one, could you tell me
how much you agree or disagree? Please use the responses on this card.
This country's economic system needs fundamental changes
TOTAL
Agree+
Agree
Neither
Disagree
Disagr+
Dont know
(N)

74.5
19.4
2.2
0.6
0.3
3.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
79.8
17.0
1.4
0.7
0.2
0.8
(837)

Female
70.6
21.2
2.8
0.5
0.3
4.7
(1,124)

up to 29
80.1
15.7
2.0
0.2
2.0
(453)

Age
30-49
78.2
17.9
1.5
0.2
0.1
2.1
(817)

50 and more
66.4
23.6
3.2
1.4
0.4
4.9
(691)

V336.- I am going to read out some statements about the government and the economy. For each one, could you tell me
how much you agree or disagree? Please use the responses on this card.
Our government should be made much more open to the public
TOTAL
Agree+
Agree
Neither
Disagree
Disagr+
Dont know
(N)

58.7
30.9
5.8
1.0
0.3
3.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
60.6
29.7
6.2
1.3
0.1
2.0
(837)

Female
57.3
31.7
5.4
0.8
0.4
4.4
(1,124)

up to 29
61.6
30.5
6.0
0.7
1.3
(453)

Age
30-49
60.7
29.9
4.8
1.5
0.1
3.1
(817)

50 and more
54.4
32.3
6.8
1.2
0.1
5.2
(691)

V337.- I am going to read out some statements about the government and the economy. For each one, could you tell me
how much you agree or disagree? Please use the responses on this card.
We are more likely to have a healthy economy if the government allows more
TOTAL
Agree+
Agree
Neither
Disagree
Disagr+
Dont know
(N)

29.8
28.4
18.7
12.7
3.6
6.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
32.7
28.6
17.1
13.1
3.9
4.5
(837)

Female
27.7
28.3
19.9
12.5
3.4
8.3
(1,124)

up to 29
34.0
26.7
21.0
11.0
4.0
3.3
(453)

Age
30-49
28.2
29.9
18.6
14.9
3.8
4.7
(817)

50 and more
29.1
27.8
17.4
11.3
3.2
11.3
(691)

V338.- I am going to read out some statements about the government and the economy. For each one, could you tell me
how much you agree or disagree? Please use the responses on this card.
If an injust law were passed by the government I could do nothing at all a
TOTAL
Agree+
Agree
Neither
Disagree
Disagr+
Dont know
(N)

46.2
28.2
8.7
6.0
2.9
8.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
42.7
29.9
9.7
7.6
3.7
6.5
(837)

Female
48.8
27.0
8.0
4.8
2.3
9.1
(1,124)

up to 29
42.2
30.0
10.4
6.8
3.8
6.8
(453)

Age
30-49
47.9
30.1
7.0
5.9
2.6
6.6
(817)

50 and more
46.9
24.7
9.7
5.6
2.7
10.3
(691)

Page 50 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V339.- I am going to read out some statements about the government and the economy. For each one, could you tell me
how much you agree or disagree? Please use the responses on this card.
Political reform in this country is moving too rapidly
TOTAL
Agree+
Agree
Neither
Disagree
Disagr+
Dont know
(N)

9.0
14.7
18.1
21.4
22.5
14.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
8.4
15.1
16.1
23.3
27.8
9.3
(837)

Female
9.4
14.5
19.5
20.0
18.5
18.1
(1,124)

up to 29
8.4
14.3
18.5
20.3
26.5
11.9
(453)

Age
30-49
7.8
14.9
16.4
23.7
24.5
12.6
(817)

50 and more
10.7
14.8
19.7
19.4
17.5
17.9
(691)

V340.- I now want to ask you how much you trust various groups of people: Using the responses on this card, could you tell
me how much you trust (Read out each and code answer for each)
Your family
TOTAL
Agree+
Agree
Neither
Disagree
Disagr+
Dont know
(N)

40.2
11.2
6.1
6.2
30.3
6.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
39.3
11.1
6.1
7.2
30.3
6.0
(837)

Female
40.8
11.3
6.1
5.4
30.3
6.0
(1,124)

up to 29
35.1
11.9
7.1
6.8
32.9
6.2
(453)

Age
30-49
39.0
12.6
5.5
7.2
30.5
5.1
(817)

50 and more
44.9
9.1
6.2
4.5
28.5
6.8
(691)

V341.- Using the responses on this card, could you tell me how much you trust [Nationality] people in general?
TOTAL
Trust+
Trust
Neither
Not much
Notatall
Dont know
(N)

14.2
23.7
23.8
11.6
11.8
14.9
(1,961)

Sex
Male
16.1
24.0
24.1
11.2
11.6
12.9
(837)

Female
12.8
23.4
23.5
11.9
11.9
16.5
(1,124)

up to 29
10.6
24.7
27.4
11.0
12.4
13.9
(453)

Age
30-49
12.6
22.6
24.6
12.4
10.4
17.4
(817)

50 and more
18.5
24.2
20.4
11.1
13.0
12.7
(691)

V347_40.- I now want to ask you how much you trust various groups of people: Using the responses on this card, could you
tell me how much you trust... Read out each and code an answer for each
Soviet Union people
TOTAL
trust+
trust
neither
not much
notatall
Dont know
(N)

10.9
21.0
29.4
12.9
8.0
17.8
(1,961)

Sex
Male
10.4
21.3
33.6
12.3
6.2
16.2
(837)

Female
11.2
20.7
26.3
13.3
9.3
19.0
(1,124)

up to 29
7.1
23.6
31.1
14.6
7.3
16.3
(453)

Age
30-49
8.3
19.5
31.7
13.1
7.5
20.0
(817)

50 and more
16.4
21.0
25.6
11.6
9.1
16.4
(691)

Page 51 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V353.- Sex
TOTAL
Male
Female
(N)

42.7
57.3
(1,961)

Sex
Male
100.0
(837)

Female
100.0
(1,124)

up to 29
47.7
52.3
(453)

Female
0.8
4.9
12.6
15.7
15.2
26.9
18.2
5.7
(1,124)

up to 29
0.2
0.9
75.7
23.2
(453)

Age
30-49
42.0
58.0
(817)

50 and more
40.2
59.8
(691)

V354.- Year of birth


TOTAL
1900-1909
1910-1919
1920-1929
1930-1939
1940-1949
1950-1959
1960-1969
1970-1979
(N)

0.7
4.0
12.2
15.6
15.9
26.0
20.4
5.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
0.5
2.7
11.6
15.5
16.7
24.7
23.3
4.9
(837)

Age
30-49
0.2
31.1
61.7
7.0
(817)

50 and more
1.9
11.3
34.6
44.0
8.1
0.1
(691)

V355.- This means you are __ __ years old. [ALSO A TWO DIGIT VARIABLE]
TOTAL
up to 29
30-49
50 and more
(N)

23.1
41.7
35.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
25.8
41.0
33.2
(837)

Female
21.1
42.2
36.7
(1,124)

up to 29
100.0
(453)

Age
30-49
100.0
(817)

50 and more
100.0
(691)

V356.- At what age did you (or will you) complete your full time education, either at school or at an institution of higher
education? Please exclude apprenticeships: [IF STUDENT, CODE AGE AT WHICH HE/SHE EXPECTS TO COMPLETE
EDUCATION] WRITE IN AGE IN YEARS ____
TOTAL
<12yrs
13yrs
14yrs
15yrs
16yrs
17yrs
18yrs
19yrs
20 yrs
21+yrs
No answer
(N)

2.2
1.3
2.6
3.7
5.4
16.6
9.8
7.0
5.1
38.1
8.2
(1,961)

Sex
Male
2.0
1.0
2.2
4.1
5.4
16.1
9.8
5.3
3.5
43.6
7.2
(837)

Female
2.3
1.6
2.9
3.5
5.4
16.9
9.8
8.3
6.3
34.1
8.9
(1,124)

up to 29
0.9
0.4
4.2
27.4
14.6
11.5
6.2
31.6
3.3
(453)

Age
30-49
0.1
0.1
0.6
2.6
6.7
17.6
10.0
6.5
5.4
45.3
5.0
(817)

50 and more
6.1
3.6
6.1
7.2
4.6
8.2
6.4
4.6
4.1
34.0
15.1
(691)

Page 52 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V357.- Do you live with your parents?


TOTAL
Yes
No
No answer
(N)

21.5
77.9
0.6
(1,961)

Sex
Male
24.1
75.5
0.4
(837)

Female
19.6
79.6
0.8
(1,124)

up to 29
53.9
45.9
0.2
(453)

Age
30-49
17.5
81.6
0.9
(817)

50 and more
5.1
94.4
0.6
(691)

V358.- Are you employed now or not? IF YES: About how many hours a week? If more than one job: only for the main job
TOTAL
>30hr/wk
Retired
Hwife
Student
Unemp
Other
(N)

68.8
18.7
6.4
4.2
0.8
1.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
75.7
15.2
1.1
5.4
1.1
1.6
(837)

Female
63.7
21.3
10.4
3.3
0.5
0.8
(1,124)

up to 29
66.4
0.2
12.8
17.4
1.3
1.8
(453)

Age
30-49
89.7
1.2
6.9
0.4
0.7
1.1
(817)

50 and more
45.7
51.4
1.7
0.4
0.7
(691)

V359.- In which profession/occupation do you or did you work? If more than one job, the main job? What is/was your job
there?
TOTAL
>10emp
<10emp
Prof
Middle
Junior
Superv
Skilled
Semi-sk
Unskill
Farmer
Farm wk
Arm forc
Nevr wrk
No answer
(N)

1.4
0.5
17.4
5.5
6.6
4.4
4.0
18.8
4.8
0.1
2.4
0.6
0.1
33.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
1.9
0.7
12.4
3.7
3.3
6.7
7.6
28.8
3.2
0.1
3.2
0.7
27.5
(837)

Female
1.0
0.3
21.1
6.9
9.0
2.8
1.3
11.3
6.0
0.1
1.8
0.4
0.1
38.0
(1,124)

up to 29
1.5
13.9
6.6
7.7
2.2
3.5
23.6
2.2
2.2
0.4
0.2
35.8
(453)

Age
30-49
2.0
0.7
24.8
7.5
7.6
7.3
5.6
22.3
5.0
0.2
3.2
1.1
12.6
(817)

50 and more
0.6
0.4
10.9
2.5
4.6
2.5
2.5
11.4
6.4
1.6
56.7
(691)

up to 29
35.5
62.3
2.2
(453)

Age
30-49
58.0
40.5
1.5
(817)

50 and more
63.1
35.3
1.6
(691)

V360.- Are you the chief wage earner in your household?


TOTAL
Yes
No
No answer
(N)

54.6
43.7
1.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
75.9
22.6
1.6
(837)

Female
38.8
59.4
1.8
(1,124)

Page 53 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V361.- Is the chief wage earner employed now or not?


TOTAL
Yes
No
Dont know
(N)

81.7
10.9
7.4
(890)

Sex
Male
78.2
9.4
12.4
(202)

Female
82.7
11.3
6.0
(688)

up to 29
88.4
5.5
6.2
(292)

Age
30-49
87.8
4.1
8.2
(343)

50 and more
65.9
26.3
7.8
(255)

V362.- In which profession/occupation does he/she work? (or did work) If more than one job, the main job? What is/was
his/her job there?
Sex

TOTAL
<10emp
Prof
Middle
Skilled
Farmer
Not applicable (R is the chief wage earner)
Dont know
(N)

0.1
8.0
7.0
20.0
1.4
54.6
9.0
(1,961)

Male
0.1
4.9
4.8
8.1
0.5
75.9
5.7
(837)

Female
10.3
8.6
28.8
2.0
38.8
11.4
(1,124)

up to 29
11.3
11.0
30.9
2.9
35.5
8.4
(453)

Age
30-49
8.1
7.2
20.3
0.4
58.0
6.0
(817)

50 and more
0.1
5.8
4.1
12.4
1.6
63.1
12.9
(691)

V363.- Scale of incomes


TOTAL
Lowest
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Highest
No answer
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

1.2
8.6
21.5
14.9
15.2
5.3
9.2
4.0
3.1
3.3
13.7
(1,961)
4.72
2.16
(1,693)

Sex
Male
1.1
5.7
17.6
14.3
17.1
3.9
10.8
6.2
4.2
4.8
14.3
(837)
5.16
2.27
(717)

Female
1.3
10.8
24.4
15.4
13.9
6.2
8.1
2.3
2.2
2.2
13.2
(1,124)
4.40
2.01
(976)

up to 29
2.4
8.6
19.4
10.8
12.8
3.5
9.1
5.1
2.6
3.5
22.1
(453)
4.74
2.31
(353)

Age
30-49
1.0
9.4
22.3
14.7
17.3
6.5
8.9
3.1
3.2
2.9
10.8
(817)
4.66
2.09
(729)

50 and more
0.7
7.7
21.9
17.9
14.5
4.9
9.7
4.3
3.2
3.6
11.6
(691)
4.78
2.14
(611)

V363CS.- Here is a scale of incomes. We would like to know in what group your household is, counting all wages, salaries,
pensions and other incomes that come in. Just give the letter of the group your household falls into, before taxes and other
deductions. [CODE
TOTAL
Other+Sysmis
(N)

100.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
100.0
(837)

Female
100.0
(1,124)

up to 29
100.0
(453)

Age
30-49
100.0
(817)

50 and more
100.0
(691)

Page 54 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

V366.- Total length of interview Hours Minute


TOTAL
0-6 hours
(N)

100.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
100.0
(837)

up to 29
100.0
(453)

Age
30-49
100.0
(817)

50 and more
100.0
(691)

Female
20.6
51.9
26.2
1.3
(1,124)

up to 29
22.7
49.9
23.0
4.4
(453)

Age
30-49
21.5
53.1
23.5
1.8
(817)

50 and more
20.0
53.8
25.2
1.0
(691)

Female
10.1
6.8
6.7
4.1
11.9
5.1
25.1
30.3
(1,124)

up to 29
7.7
6.6
8.2
6.8
11.3
7.3
27.6
24.5
(453)

Age
30-49
12.6
5.9
6.0
3.7
8.4
5.6
28.9
28.9
(817)

50 and more
8.4
7.7
6.9
2.6
10.0
3.9
23.6
36.9
(691)

Female
100.0
(1,124)

up to 29
100.0
(453)

Age
30-49
100.0
(817)

50 and more
100.0
(691)

Female
37.1
49.0
2.9
10.9
(1,124)

up to 29
50.8
38.9
2.0
8.4
(453)

Age
30-49
45.5
44.3
1.6
8.6
(817)

50 and more
27.9
56.9
4.1
11.1
(691)

Female
100.0
(1,124)

V367.- During the interview the respondent was ....


TOTAL
Very
Some
Not very
No answer
(N)

21.3
52.6
24.0
2.1
(1,961)

Sex
Male
22.1
53.6
21.0
3.2
(837)

V368.- Size of town:


TOTAL
<2000
2-5000
5-10000
10-20000
20-50000
50-100000
100-500000
>500000
(N)

10.0
6.7
6.8
4.0
9.6
5.4
26.7
30.7
(1,961)

Sex
Male
9.9
6.6
7.0
3.9
6.6
5.9
28.9
31.2
(837)

V377.- Year survey


TOTAL
1990
(N)

100.0
(1,961)

Sex
Male
100.0
(837)

Y002.- POST-MATERIALIST INDEX (4-ITEM)


TOTAL
Materialist
Mixed
Postmaterialist
Missing; Unknown
(N)

40.5
47.5
2.5
9.4
(1,961)

Sex
Male
45.2
45.4
2.0
7.4
(837)

Y003.- AUTONOMY INDEX


TOTAL
Obedience/Religious Faith
-1
0
1
Determination, perseverance/Independence
(N)

2.2
17.4
34.1
35.8
10.5
(1,961)

Sex
Male
1.4
14.1
31.3
38.8
14.3
(837)

Female
2.8
19.9
36.1
33.5
7.7
(1,124)

up to 29
1.5
13.2
30.5
37.3
17.4
(453)

Age
30-49
0.4
15.3
33.3
40.5
10.5
(817)

50 and more
4.8
22.7
37.3
29.2
5.9
(691)

Page 55 of 92

World Values Survey (1990-1994) - Russia 1990

v.2014.04.18

SACSECVAL.- OVERALL SECULAR VALUES


TOTAL
0-0.1
0.1-0.2
0.2-0.3
0.3-0.4
0.4-0.5
0.5-0.6
0.6-0.7
0.7-0.8
0.8-0.9
0.9-1
Missing
(N)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Base mean

0.8
7.1
12.1
22.1
23.4
20.0
8.8
3.2
0.4
0.1
2.1
(1,961)
0.43
0.15
(1,920)

Sex
Male
0.1
5.0
8.4
19.2
23.8
24.3
12.1
4.7
0.6
1.9
(837)
0.46
0.15
(821)

Female
1.2
8.6
14.9
24.3
23.0
16.8
6.4
2.0
0.3
0.2
2.2
(1,124)
0.40
0.15
(1,099)

up to 29
1.1
4.6
15.9
26.3
26.7
14.1
7.3
0.9
3.1
(453)
0.50
0.14
(439)

Age
30-49
3.9
10.0
20.3
25.6
23.1
11.1
3.2
0.4
0.2
2.1
(817)
0.46
0.14
(800)

50 and more
2.2
14.8
19.4
28.4
18.8
11.9
2.6
0.4
0.1
1.4
(691)
0.35
0.14
(681)

Page 56 of 92

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