Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Propedutica neurolgica
SISTEMA NERVOSO
PROFA ILKA MARTINS ROSA
14-04-2015
OUVIDOS
Otalgia
Otorragia
Prurido
Disacusia
Otorria
Hipoacusia
Surdez
Anacusia
Cofose
Zumbido
Tinido
Acfeno
Vertigem
Tontura
NARIZ E CAVIDADES
PARANASAIS
Dor
Espirro
Hiposmia
Anosmia
Ozena
Hiperosmia
Cacosmia
Parosmia
Rinorria
Epistaxe
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CONSCINCIA
Estado de coma
Percepo
Reatividade
Deglutio
Reflexos
Classificao do estado de coma
Escala de Coma de Glasgow
Obnubilao
Alteraes da sensibilidade
Dor
Parestesia
Anestesia
Hipoestesia
Hiperestesia
Analgesia
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Alteraes do sono
Insnia
Sonolncia
Sonilquio
Pesadelos
Terror noturno
Sonambulismo
Briquismo
Enurese noturna
Movimentos rtmicos da cabea
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Gnosia
Agnosia
Agnosia auditiva
Estereoagnosia
Somatoagnosia: partes do corpo
Prosopoagnosia: rostos
Autoprosopoagnosia: identificar-se a si
prprio
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Praxia
Apraxia
Apraxia
Apraxia
Apraxia
Apraxia
Apraxia
Apraxia
construtiva
ideomotora:
ideatria
de vestir
da marcha
bucolinguofacial
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Afasia
Afasia
Afasia motora
Afasia sensorial ou de Wernick:
Afasia global
Afasia de conduo
Afasia transcortical
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FAMILY HISTORY
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CRANIAL NERVES
OLFACTORY
(I)
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OPTICO (II)
Estimation of
peripheral fields of
vision. A, Temporal
field. B, Nasal field.
Evaluating eye
fixation by the
cover-uncover test.
A, Patient focuses
on near object. B,
Examiner evaluates
movement of
covered eye as
cover is removed
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Severe papilledema.
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TRIGEMINAL (V)
Examination of the trigeminal cranial nerve for sensory function. Touch each side
of the face at the scalp, cheek, and chin areas alternately using no predictable
pattern (A) with the point and rounded edge of a paper clip or broken tongue
blade and (B) with a brush or cotton wisp. Ask the patient to discriminate between
sensations.
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Examination of the
trigeminal cranial nerve for
motor function. Have the
patient tightly clench the
teeth, and then palpate the
muscles over the jaw for
tone.
FACIAL (VII)
Examination of the
facial cranial nerve
for motor function.
Ask the patient to
(A) wrinkle the
forehead by raising
the eyebrows; (B)
smile; (C) puff out
the cheeks; (D)
purse the lips and
blow out; (E) show
the teeth; and (F)
squeeze the eyes
shut.
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Location of the taste bud regions tested for the sensory function of the facial (VII)
and glossopharyngeal (IX) cranial nerves.
ACOUSTIC (VIII)
Cranial nerve VIII is tested by evaluating hearing. Screening of auditory function
begins when the patient responds to your questions and directions. The patient
should respond without excessive requests for repetition. Speech with a
monotonous tone and erratic volume may indicate hearing loss.
Whispered Voice
Weber and Rinne Tests
Weber test. Touching only the handle, place the base of the
tuning fork on the midline of the skull. Avoid touching the
vibrating tines.
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Weber:
se perda de conduo, melhor ouvido na orelha afectada.
Se sensorial, melhor ouvido na orelha normal
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Rinne test. A, Place the tuning fork on the mastoid bone for bone conduction. B,
To test for air conduction hold the tuning fork 1 to 2 cm (0.5 to 1 inch) from the ear
with the tines facing forward.
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ORELHA DIREITA
CA > CO, conhecido como um
teste de Rinne positivo
Weber positivo a direita
Weber:
se perda de conduo, melhor
ouvido na orelha afectada.
Se sensorial, melhor ouvido na
orelha normal
ORELHA DIREITA
CA > CO, conhecido como um
teste de Rinne positivo
Weber negativo
Weber:
se perda de conduo, melhor
ouvido na orelha afectada.
Se sensorial, melhor ouvido na
orelha normal
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ORELHA DIREITA
Weber negativo
Rinne positivo ou falso negativo
Weber:
se perda de conduo, melhor
ouvido na orelha afectada.
Se sensorial, melhor ouvido na
orelha normal
ORELHA DIREITA
CO > CA, um teste de Rinne
negativo
Weber positivo
ORELHA ESQUERDA
CA > CO, conhecido como um
teste de Rinne positivo
Weber negativo
Weber:
se perda de conduo, melhor
ouvido na orelha afectada.
Se sensorial, melhor ouvido na
orelha normal
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ACOUSTIC (VIII)
The patient should hear softly whispered words in each ear at a distance of 30 to
60 cm (1 to 2 feet), responding correctly more than 50% of the time (McGee, 2001).
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GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL (IX)
The sensory function of taste over the posterior third of the tongue is tested
during cranial nerve VII evaluation.
The glossopharyngeal nerve is simultaneously tested during evaluation of the
vagus nerve for nasopharyngeal sensation (gag reflex) and the motor function of
swallowing.
Location of the taste bud regions tested for the sensory function of the facial and
glossopharyngeal cranial nerves.
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VAGUS (X)
To evaluate nasopharyngeal sensation, tell the patient you will be testing the gag
reflex. Touch the posterior wall of the patient's pharynx with an applicator as you
observe for upward movement of the palate and contraction of the pharyngeal
muscles. The uvula should remain in the midline, and no drooping or absence of
an arch on either side of the soft palate should be noted.
Motor function is evaluated by inspection of the soft palate for symmetry. Have
the patient say "ah," and observe the movement of the soft palate and uvula for
asymmetry. If the vagus or glossopharyngeal nerve is damaged and the palate
fails to rise, the uvula will deviate from the midline
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HYPOGLOSSAL (XII)
Examination of the hypoglossal cranial nerve. A, Inspect the protruded tongue for
size, shape, symmetry, and fasciculation. B, Observe movement of the tongue
from side to side.
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PROPRIOCEPTION AND
CEREBELLAR FUNCTION
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Examination of fine motor function. The patient alternately touches own nose and
the examiner's index finger with the index finger of one hand (A and B); alternately
touches own nose with the index finger of each hand (C); and runs the heel of one
foot down the shin or tibia of the other leg (D).
BALANCE
Evaluation of balance with the
Romberg test.
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Gait
Evaluation of gait.
Note the expected
gait sequence and
arm movements.
Gait
Perna comprometida est rgida e estendida com
flexo plantar do p,
Brao acometido fletido e aduzido e no balana
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Gait
em tesoura,
Passos curtos
Arrasta a bola do p pelo cho
Coxas cruzam a frente uma da outra
Gait
Escavante
Pernas separada
Pernas elevadas
Pernas batem no cho
Calcanhar bate no cho
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Gait
Ataxia cerebelar
Base alargada
Cambalear
Balano do tronco
Atxica
Base larga
Ps jogados para frente e para fora
Paciente olha para o cho
Calcanhar bate no cho
Romberg positivo
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REFLEXES
SUPERFICIAL REFLEXES
Plantar reflex indicating the direction of the stroke and the Babinski
sign-dorsiflexion of the great toe with or without fanning of the toes.
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A, Sites for application of the 5.07 monofilament to test for sensation. Indicate presence
(+) or absence (-) of sensory perception. B, Apply the monofilament to the patient's foot
with just enough pressure to bend the monofilament.
A, Brudzinski sign, flex the neck and observe for involuntary flexion of the
hips and knees.
B, Kernig sign, flex the leg at the knee and hip when the patient is supine, and
then attempt to straighten the leg. Observe for pain in the lower back and
resistance to straightening the leg.
The Brudzinski sign may also be present when neck stiffness is assessed.
Involuntary flexion of the hips and knees when flexing the neck is a positive
Brudzinski sign for meningeal irritation (Fig. 22-29, A).
The Kernig sign is evaluated by flexing the leg at the knee and hip when the
patient is supine, then attempting to straighten the leg. Pain in the lower back and
resistance to straightening the leg at the knee constitute a positive Kernig sign,
indicating meningeal irritation (see Fig. 22-29, B).
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