Mangrove Area Sampling in Bolinao, Pangasinan

Juan Paulo R. Latonio, Nicole Therese M. Mendiola, Maria Katrina T, Morato,

Karol Sophia Agape R. Padilla
4BIO5 Group 8
Department of Biological Sciences
College of Science, University of Santo Tomas
Espaa, Manila Philippines
ADDENDUM
Methods
The groups assigned to the mangrove areas were assigned to Santiago Island, located at
16.3961 N, 119.9336 E. The Santiago Island is found 96.7 km from Dagupan City, off the coast
of Bolinao. The island is adjacent to the Lingayen Gulf and the South China Sea. The mangroves
in the area that was assigned to the groups were situated on very dry land a few meters from the
shore and the residential area. Upon advice of the accompanying faculty, the quadrat method was
not used for sampling in the said area. A 10 meter transect line was made using a plastic twine
prior to departure to Bolinao, Pangasinan. The transect line was marked using an electric tape at
10 cm intervals, as well as at every meter interval by using a gold yarn. A 15-minute boat ride
was required to reach the assigned sampling site (site 2). During the fieldwork, the transect line
was laid down at three random, reasonably distant positions on the mangrove sampling site in
order to assess the area. Organism occurrences were noted for computation of indices of diversity
and dominance.

Figure 1. Santiago Island

Results

Group 2 Species Count

8
6
4
2
0

Site 1

Site 2

Site 3

Species 1

Species 2

Species 3

Species 4

Species 5

Species 6

Figure 1. Data gathered by another group (2) assigned to the mangrove area. Mangroves are
assigned species 1. Species 2, 3, and 4 different plants which were not identified. Species 5 are
the ipil-ipil plants and species 6 are yellow butterflies.

Group 8 Species Count

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

Transect 1
Mangrove

Transect 2
Grass

Oregano

Transect 3
Porites

Starfish

Figure 2. Data gathered by group 8. As with the previous graph, organisms were counted and
were recorded and was graphed to better visualize. Both graphs show that mangroves are the
most plentiful organism in the area.

Total Species Occurences in the Area

40
35
30

35

25
20
15
10

15

6
1

Figure 3. Overall count for organisms found in the sampling area, totaling to 6 transect lines
used for the sampling.
Table 1. Analysis of the data gathered. The species between the 6 samplings were compared. A
computed p-value of 0.721 is shown in the table.
ANOVA
Source
of
Variati
on
Betwe
en
Groups
Within
Groups
Total

SS

df

MS

P-value

F crit

0.5719
81

0.7210
96

2.386
07

19.733
33

3.9466
67

372.6

54

6.9

392.33
33

59

Table 2. Diversity of dominance indices of the area.

Simpson's index = Summation of
P^2
Simpson's index of diversity = 1- SI
Shannon's Index = - (Summation of
PlnP)

Discussion

0.312
0.688
3.110

After data was compared and exchanged, the mangrove groups computed the overall
Simpsons Index of Diversity, which is an index of dominance and diversity where the closer it is
to 1, the more diverse the species in an area, and Shannons Index, also an index of diversity
where the closer it is to 4, the more rich and even the species are in an area. A Simpsons Index
of Diversity of 0.688 was computed, indicating that the area was diverse. Indicated by the
computed Shannons index of 3.110 is the areas richness and diversity (table 2). The most
dominant species was the mangrove. Better analysis and comparison of the mangrove areas in
Bolinao couldve been done but all of the mangrove groups were assigned to the same area at
Santiago Island. The species from the 6 different samplings/replicates were also compared. A pvalue of 0.721, computed using ANOVA, denotes that at 95% confidence interval, the means of
the species in the 6 replicates were not significantly different.
Supplementary Materials
Table 3. Raw data for ANOVA
SUMMARY
Groups

Count

Row 1
Row 2
Row 3
Row 4
Row 5
Row 6
ANOVA
Source of
Variation
Between
Groups
Within Groups
Total

Sum

10
10
10
10
10
10
SS

13
22
14
10
4
7
df

19.733
33
372.6

5
54

392.33
33

Averag
e
1.3
2.2
1.4
1
0.4
0.7

Variance
10.23333
20.62222
4.266667
4.666667
0.488889
1.122222

MS

P-value

F crit

3.9466
67
6.9

0.5719
81

0.7210
96

2.386
07

59

Table 4. Total species count for the area assigned on Santiago Island.
Ma
ng

Gra
ss

Or
eg

Po
ri

St
ar

Sp
2

Sp
3

Sp
4

Ip
il

Bttr
fly

TOT
AL

G8L
1
G8L
2
G8L
3
G2L
1
G2L
2
G2L
3
TOT
AL

10

13

13

22

14

10

35

15

70

Table 4. Computation for Simpsons Index of Diversity and Shannons Index, where the
summation of 1-P2 is Simpsons Index of Diversity and the summation of PlnP is the Shannons
Index.
n
35.000

n/N
35/70

P
0.500

p^2
0.250

15.000

15/70

0.214

0.046

Orega
no
Porite
s
Starfis
h
SP2
G2
SP3
G2
SP4
G2
Ipil Ipil

5.000

5/70

0.071

0.005

1.000

1/70

0.014

0.000

1.000

1/70

0.014

0.000

1.000

1/70

0.014

0.000

2.000

2/70

0.029

0.001

3.000

3/70

0.043

0.002

6.000

6/70

0.086

0.007

Butter
fly
TOTAL

1.000

1/70

0.014

0.000

70

1.00
0

1.00
0

0.31
2

Mangr
ove
Grass

lnP

PlnP

1.386
3.081
5.278
8.497
8.497
8.497
7.111
6.300
4.913
8.497
1.16
528

0.693
0.660
0.377
0.121
0.121
0.121
0.203
0.270
0.421
0.121
3.11
0