China Hong Kong Construction Cost Handbook 2009

Handbook 2005
www.davislangdon.com
Property & Construction Industry Handbook
The following handbook of information relating to the

construction industry has been compiled by:
Davis Langdon & Seah Hong Kong Limited
2101 Leighton Centre
77 Leighton Road
Hong Kong
Telephone : (852) 2830 3500
Fax
: (852) 2576 0416
Email
: dlshk@dlshk.com
Website : www.dlsqs.com
Davis Langdon & Seah Hong Kong Limited
2009
For private circulation to staff

and business associates only
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

re-produced or copied in any form without prior written
permission from Davis Langdon & Seah Hong Kong
Limited.
The information contained herein should be regarded
as indicative and for general guidance only. Whilst
every effort has been made to ensure accuracy,
no responsibility can be accepted for errors and
omissions, however caused.
If advice concerning individual projects is required, we
would be happy to assist.
Unless otherwise stated, costs reflected in this handbook
are Hong Kong costs at 4th Quarter 2008.
Davis Langdon & Seah Hong Kong Limited would like to
acknowledge the assistance of Knight Frank and Baker
& McKenzie in providing additional data and information
for this publication.
Published by Davis Langdon & Seah Hong Kong Limited

Printed : March 2009 by R&R Publishing Limited
ISO 9001 : 2000

Certificate No. : CC271
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
About Us
Calendars
1
3
5
3. PROPERTY
1. CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

Construction Costs for Hong Kong
M&E Services Costs for Hong Kong
ACMV Costs for Various Designs
and Developments in Hong Kong
Construction Cost Specification
Fit-out Costs for Hong Kong
Unit Costs for Ancillary Facilities
for Hong Kong
Construction Costs for Selected Asian Cities
M&E Costs for Selected Asian Cities
Major Rates for Selected Asian Cities
Construction Costs for Selected International
Cities
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
25
29
33
2. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA

2009 Outlook
Building Cost Trends in Hong Kong
Labour Index in Hong Kong
Material Prices in Hong Kong
Estimating Rules of Thumb
Construction Activity in Hong Kong
Construction Value in Hong Kong
China's Buildings Going Green
Hong Kong General Construction Insurance
Specified Forms for Buildings Ordinance
or Regulations for Hong Kong
Summary of Building Regulations for
Hong Kong
Percentage Site Coverage and Plot Ratios
for Hong Kong
Progress Payments
37
40
43
44
47
49
50
51
53
55
57
58
61
Property Commentary
Property Indicators
Gross Floor Area (GFA) Calculations
in Hong Kong
in PRC
Construction Floor Area (CFA) Definition
63
65
67
69
71
4. FINANCIAL
Financial Definitions
Financial Formulae
Mortgage Repayment Table
Composite CPI
Exchange Rates
Currency Charts
Prime Rates
Hang Seng Index
73
74
75
76
77
79
81
83
5. OTHER INFORMATION
Fung Shui
Quality Management System
Utility Costs for Selected Asian Cities
Conversion Factors
IDD Codes and Time Differences
Public Holidays
Davis Langdon & Seah Professional Services
China Map
International Directory of Offices
Telephone Directory
85
88
89
91
93
95
105
115
117
136
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH

ABOUT US
First established in 1934 in Singapore under
the name "Waters and Watson" we survived the
Second World War to become the pre-eminent
Quantity Surveying and Construction Cost
Management firm in Asia - operating for many
years as Langdon Every and Seah. One of our
early partners, Mr. Seah Mong Hee, was the first
Asian Chartered Surveyor (RICS) in the world.
Our Hong Kong office opened in 1949 and we
quickly established ourselves as the leading firm
in the profession. This year, we celebrate our 60th
anniversary in Hong Kong.
Following a series of global mergers, Davis
Langdon & Seah International was founded in
1990. Today we operate in Asia, Europe and the
Middle East, USA, Australasia and Africa with over
5,000 staff in 100 offices across 23 countries.
We entered the China market in 1984, introducing
modern cost management techniques to its
newly evolving construction market. Our initial
commissions were from Hong Kong and foreign
developers investing in China, although we have
since then further developed our client base to
include state owned enterprises and local private
developers. We now have 12 offices across
China located in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Beijing,
Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Macau, Chongqing,
Wuhan, Tianjin, Shenyang, Chengdu and Foshan
with a total staff count approaching 1,000.
For 60 years, DLS Hong Kong/China has been
proactively providing world-class construction
consulting services for all types of building and
infrastructure projects. We are committed to further
extending our professional expertise to related
fields and further expanding our activities in China
to support the needs of our clients as they explore
one of the world's largest and fastest growing
markets.
CALENDARS
2008

JANUARY
S M T W T F S
S
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
10
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
17
27 28 29 30 31
24
FEBRUARY
MARCH
M T W T F S
S M T W T F
1 2
4 5 6 7 8 9
2 3 4 5 6 7
11 12 13 14 15 16
9 10 11 12 13 14
18 19 20 21 22 23
16 17 18 19 20 21
25 26 27 28 29
23/30 24/31 25 26 27 28

S

6
13
20
27
M

7
14
21
28
APRIL
T W T F
1 2 3 4
8 9 10 11
15 16 17 18
22 23 24 25
29 30
MAY
M T W T
1
5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29
F
2
9
16
23
30
S
3
10
17
24
31

S

6
13
20
27
M

7
14
21
28
T
1
8
15
22
29
AUGUST
S
S M T W T
5
12
3 4 5 6 7
19
10 11 12 13 14
26
17 18 19 20 21

24/31 25 26 27 28
F
1
8
15
22
29

S

5
12
19
26
OCTOBER
M T W T F
1 2 3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
NOVEMBER
S
S M T W T F
4
11
2 3 4 5 6 7
18
9 10 11 12 13 14
25
16 17 18 19 20 21

23/30 24 25 26 27 28
S
1
8
15
22
29
2010

JANUARY
S M T W T F
1
3 4 5 6 7 8
10 11 12 13 14 15
17 18 19 20 21 22
2 4/31 25 26 27 28 29
FEBRUARY
S
S M T W T F S
S
2 1 2 3 4 5 6
9
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
7
16
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
14
23
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
21
30
28
28
M
1
8
15
22
29
MARCH
T W T F
2 3 4 5
9 10 11 12
16 17 18 19
23 24 25 26
30 31
S
6
13
20
27
M

7
14
21
28
JUNE
T W T F
1 2 3 4
8 9 10 11
15 16 17 18
22 23 24 25
29 30
S
5
12
19
26
SEPTEMBER
M T W T F
1 2 3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30
S
4
11
18
25
DECEMBER
M T W T F
1 2 3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
S
4
11
18
25
MARCH
T W T F
1 2 3 4
8 9 10 11
15 16 17 18
22 23 24 25
29 30 31
S
5
12
19
26
2008 2010
JULY
W T F
2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31
S
S
5
12
4
19
11
26
18

25
F
6
13
20
27
S
7
14
21
28

S

4
11
18
25
APRIL
M T W T
1
5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29
F
2
9
16
23
30
S
3
10
17
24

S
S
2
9
7
16
14
23
21
30
28
SEPTEMBER
M T W T F
1 2 3 4 5
8 9 10 11 12
15 16 17 18 19
22 23 24 25 26
29 30
S
6
13
20
27

JULY
S M T W T
1
4 5 6 7 8
11 12 13 14 15
18 19 20 21 22
25 26 27 28 29
F
2
9
16
23
30
S
3
10
17
24
31
S
S
1
8
7
15
14
22
21
29
28
DECEMBER
M T W T F
1 2 3 4 5
8 9 10 11 12
15 16 17 18 19
22 23 24 25 26
29 30 31
S
6
13
20
27

OCTOBER
S M T W T F
1
3 4 5 6 7 8
10 11 12 13 14 15
17 18 19 20 21 22
24/31 25 26 27 28 29
JUNE
S M T W T
1 2 3 4 5
8 9 10 11 12
15 16 17 18 19
22 23 24 25 26
29
30
MAY
S M T W T F

2 3 4 5 6 7
9 10 11 12 13 14
16 17 18 19 20 21
23/30 24/31 25 26 27 28
S
1
8
15
22
29
S
S
2
9
7
16
14
23
21
30
28
M
2
9
16
23
30
AUGUST
T W T
3 4 5
10 11 12
17 18 19
24 25 26
31
S
S
1
8
6
15
13
22
20
29
27
F S
S
6 7
13 14
5
20 21
12
27 28
19

26
NOVEMBER
M T W T F
1 2 3 4 5
8 9 10 11 12
15 16 17 18 19
22 23 24 25 26
29 30
S
S
6
13
5
20
12
27
19

26
2009
FEBRUARY
S
S
1
8
6
15
13
22
20
29
27

FEBRUARY
M T W T F S
S
1 2 3 4 5
7 8 9 10 11 12
6
14 15 16 17 18 19
13
21 22 23 24 25 26
20
28
27
S
6
13
20
27

S

3
10
17
24
APRIL
M T W T

4 5 6 7
11 12 13 14
18 19 20 21
25 26 27 28
F
1
8
15
22
29
S
2
9
16
23
30
S
1
8
15
22
29
M
2
9
16
23
30
MAY
T W T
3 4 5
10 11 12
17 18 19
24 25 26
31
F
6
13
20
27

S
S
7
14
5
21
12
28
19

26
JUNE
M T W T F
1 2 3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30
S
4
11
18
25
SEPTEMBER
M T W T F
1 2 3 4
7 8 9 10 11
14 15 16 17 18
21 22 23 24 25
28 29 30
S
5
12
19
26

JULY
S M T W T

3 4 5 6 7
10 11 12 13 14
17 18 19 20 21
24/31 25 26 27 28
F
1
8
15
22
29
S
S
2
9
7
16
14
23
21
30
28
M
1
8
15
22
29
AUGUST
T W T
2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31
F
5
12
19
26

S
S
6
13
4
20
11
27
18

25
SEPTEMBER
M T W T F
1 2
5 6 7 8 9
12 13 14 15 16
19 20 21 22 23
26 27 28 29 30
S
3
10
17
24
DECEMBER
M T W T F
1 2 3 4
7 8 9 10 11
14 15 16 17 18
21 22 23 24 25
28 29 30 31
S
5
12
19
26

OCTOBER
S M T W T F

2 3 4 5 6 7
9 10 11 12 13 14
16 17 18 19 20 21
23/30 24/31 25 26 27 28

S
S
1
8
6
15
13
22
20
29
27
NOVEMBER
M T W T F
1 2 3 4
7 8 9 10 11
14 15 16 17 18
21 22 23 24 25
28 29 30
S
S
5
12
4
19
11
26
18

25
DECEMBER
M T W T F
1 2
5 6 7 8 9
12 13 14 15 16
19 20 21 22 23
26 27 28 29 30
S
S M T W T
3
1 2 3 4 5
10
8 9 10 11 12
17
15 16 17 18 19
24
22 23 24 25 26
31
F
6
13
20
27

S
7
14
21
28

S

5
12
19
26
APRIL
M T W T F
1 2 3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30
MAY
S
S M T W T
4
11
3 4 5 6 7
18
10 11 12 13 14
25
17 18 19 20 21

24/31 25 26 27 28
F
1
8
15
22
29
S
S
2
9
7
16
14
23
21
30
28
M
1
8
15
22
29
JUNE
T W T F
2 3 4 5
9 10 11 12
16 17 18 19
23 24 25 26
30

S

5
12
19
26
M T

6 7
13 14
20 21
27 28
AUGUST
S
S M T W T F
4
11
2 3 4 5 6 7
18
9 10 11 12 13 14
25
16 17 18 19 20 21

23/30 24/31 25 26 27 28
S
S
1
8
6
15
13
22
20
29
27
NOVEMBER
M T W T F
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
30
S
S
7
14
6
21
13
28
20

27
S
1
8
15
22
29
2011

JANUARY
S M T W T F

2 3 4 5 6 7
9 10 11 12 13 14
16 17 18 19 20 21
2 3/302 4/31 25 26 27 28

JANUARY
S M T W T F
1 2
4 5 6 7 8 9
11 12 13 14 15 16
18 19 20 21 22 23
25 26 27 28 29 30
MARCH
M T W T
2 3 4 5
9 10 11 12
16 17 18 19
23 24 25 26
30 31
F
6
13
20
27
S
7
14
21
28
M

7
14
21
28
2009 2011

S

4
11
18
25

JULY
W T
1 2
8 9
15 16
22 23
29 30
F
3
10
17
24
31
OCTOBER
M T W T F
1 2
5 6 7 8 9
12 13 14 15 16
19 20 21 22 23
26 27 28 29 30
S
3
10
17
24
31
S
1
8
15
22
29
S
3
10
17
24
31
CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

Construction Costs for Hong Kong
M&E Services Costs for Hong Kong
ACMV Costs for Various Designs and
Developments in Hong Kong
Construction Cost Specification
Fit-out Costs for Hong Kong
Unit Costs for Ancillary Facilities for Hong Kong
Construction Costs for Selected Asian Cities
M&E Costs for Selected Asian Cities
Major Rates for Selected Asian Cities
Construction Costs for Selected International Cities
9
OFFICE/COMMERCIAL
Average standard offices, high rise
Prestige offices, high rise
Average standard shopping centres
Prestige shopping centres
HOTELS
3-star budget hotels, inclusive of F.F. & E.
5-star luxury hotels, inclusive of F.F. & E.
The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2008 levels.
OTHERS
Carparks, above ground
Primary and secondary schools
International schools
Student hostels
Sports clubs inclusive of F.F. & E.
INDUSTRIAL
Light duty flatted factories, 7.5 kpa (150 lb.) loading
Heavy duty flatted factories and warehouses,
15 kpa (300 lb.) loading
DOMESTIC
Low cost housing, high rise
Average standard apartments, high rise
Luxury apartments, high rise
Terraced houses
Individual prestige houses
BUILDING TYPE
CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR HONG KONG

BUILDING
10,410 -
14,380
10,680 -
14,740
11,940
up
13,280
up
6,400 -
7,250
6,640
4,790 - 5,360
8,240 - 8,490
10,070 - 10,600
9,100 - 10,330
15,420 - 17,630
6,020 -
13,410 - 14,790
19,110 up
6,485 - 6,720
9,245 - 9,710
11,100 - 12,930
14,445 - 15,980
21,070 up
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3,680
4,900
3,840
4,400
860
2,160
2,610
2,400
3,230
1,170
1,370
1,970
2,040
3,770
-
-
-
-
-
1,720
1,910
2,960
2,710
4,570
1,746 - 2,080
1,600 - 1,810
3,940 - 4,500
4,220 - 5,460
2,960
3,830
3,250
3,620
665
1,805
2,030
1,935
2,220
(HK$/m )
2
SERVICES
15,620
up
17,120
up
7,580
11,870
15,540
18,380
up
5,960
9,610
12,040
11,140
19,190
-
-
-
-
-
8,146 -
7,620 -
7,080
10,400
13,560
13,040
22,200
9,330
8,450
17,350 - 19,290
23,330 up
13,370 -
18,210
13,930 -
18,360
7,150 -
11,050 -
13,130 -
16,380 -
23,290
TOTAL

CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR HONG KONG
10
11
- -
405 - 500
550 - 720
750 - 910
800 - 1,300
MECHANICAL
SERVICES
120 - 300
300 - 520
720 - 1,320
510 - 600
1,500 - 1,800
370 - 400

370 - 400

1,500 - 1,650
1,600 - 1,800
1,200 - 1,500
1,650 - 2,000
1,430 - 1,600
1,650 - 1,750

OTHERS
Carparks, above ground
International schools
Student hostels
INDUSTRIAL
Light duty flatted factories, 7.5 kpa (150 lb.)
loading
Heavy duty flatted factories and warehouses,
15 kpa (300 lb.) loading
HOTELS
3-star budget hotels, inclusive of F.F. & E.
5-star luxury hotels, inclusive of F.F. & E.
OFFICE/COMMERCIAL
Average standard shopping centres
Prestige shopping centres
DOMESTIC
Low cost housing, high rise
Terraced houses
BUILDING TYPE
M&E SERVICES COSTS FOR HONG KONG
240 - 330
110 - 280
140 - 280
140 - 280
390 - 510
240 - 320
470 - 530
370 - 460
430 - 560
260 - 390
300 - 430
300 - 460
340 - 480
250 - 350
110 - 130
110 - 140
320 - 360
430 - 510
450 - 550
390 - 410
450 - 550
470 - 700
390 - 500
510 - 700
400 - 480
430 - 600
30 - 50
120 - 190
60 - 100
300 - 340
60 - 100
300 - 380
15 - 30 - -
40 - 80 - -
240 - 300
450 - 560
620 - 710
750 - 940
750 - 1,000
1,100 - 1,300
LIFTS/
ESCALATORS
(HK$/m2)
FIRE
SERVICES
380 - 430
1,200 - 1,300
1,300 - 1,800
840 - 1,000
1,100 - 1,400
900 - 1,000
980 - 1,250
305 - 360
710 - 770
800 - 900
770 - 940
950 - 1,300
ELECTRICAL
SERVICES
- 290
- 370
- 300
- 320
- 260
- 450
- 510
- 520
- 550
110
230
250
320
350
- 180
- 270
- 280
- 470
- 450
216 - 280
220 - 270
420 - 540
420 - 600
270
270
220
220
210
330
320
400
430
HYDRAULIC
SERVICES
1,170 - 1,720
1,370 - 1,910
1,970 - 2,960
2,040 - 2,710
3,770 - 4,570
1,746 - 2,080
1,600 - 1,810
3,940 - 4,500
4,220 - 5,460
2,960 - 3,680
3,830 - 4,900
3,250 - 3,840
3,620 - 4,400
665 - 860
1,805 - 2,160
2,030 - 2,610
1,935 - 2,400
2,220 - 3,230
TOTAL
SERVICES

M&E Services costs for HONG KONG
12
ACmV costs for Various Designs

and Developments IN HONG KONG
13
14
ConstRuction cost specificAtion

The costs for the respective categories given on the
previous pages are averages based on fixed price
competitive tenders. It must be understood that the actual
cost of a building will depend upon the design and many
other factors and may vary from the figures shown.
The costs per square metre are based on construction
floor areas measured to the outside face of the external
walls/external perimeter including lift shafts, stairwells,
balconies, plant rooms, water tanks and the like.
All buildings are assumed to have no basement (unless
otherwise stated) and to be built on flat ground, with normal
soil conditions. The costs exclude external works, land
costs, professional fees, finance and legal expenses.
The standards for each category of building vary from
country to country and do not necessarily follow those
of Hong Kong.
DOMESTIC
Low cost housing is based on Hong Kong Housing
Authority's Harmony 1 Rental Block design.
Average standard apartments are based on blocks
containing 30-50 storeys, with 6-8 flats per storey and
600 s.f. - 1,000 s.f. per flat.
Air conditioning, kitchen cabinets and home appliances
are included for average standard apartments, luxury
apartments, terraced houses and prestige houses.
All types of domestic construction include provision of
functional light fittings only and no feature light fittings
have been allowed. Fitting out works and loose furniture
are also not included.
15
OFFICE/COMMERCIAL
Office based on buildings 20-30 storeys high with floor
plans minimum 1,000 m2 per level.
Average standard offices and shopping centres exclude
finishes, A/C ducting and light fittings to tenants areas.
Prestige offices have curtain wall elevations and
granite finished lobbies, with raised floor, suspended
ceiling, A/C ducting and light fittings to tenants areas.
INDUSTRIAL
Flatted factories exclude manufacturing equipment,
air-conditioning, electrical distribution systems
and special services provisions to tenants areas.
HOTELS
F.F. & E. includes interior decoration and loose furniture
etc. but excludes pre-opening expenses and hotel
operation system and equipment costs (e.g. cutlery,
crockery, linen, uniform, etc.).
Includes 1 level of basement.
OTHERS
Carparks to be multi-storey.
Primary and secondary schools with standard
government provisions.
International Schools with upgraded facilities.
Student hostels to university standard.
Sports club to the standard of the Government's indoor
recreational centre.
16
Fit-out costs for HONG KONG

BUILDING TYPE
HK$/m2
HOTELS

Public Areas (Front of House) :

3-star Hotel
6,700 - 10,000
4-star Hotel
11,000 - 14,000
5-star Hotel
15,000 up
Guest Rooms :
3-star Hotel
4-star Hotel
5-star Hotel
4,800 - 6,000
6,100 - 8,400
8,500 up
Notes :
1. Includes furniture, floor, wall and

ceiling finishes, drapery, sanitary
fittings and light fittings.

2. Excludes partitioning, M&E works,
building shell, chandeliers, operational
items and equipment (e.g. cutlery,
crockery, linen, television, refrigerator
etc.), opening expenses, stage
equipment and computer systems.
General office
Executive office
Prestige office
DEPARTMENT STORES
General department store
Prestige department store
HK$/m2
5,200 - 8,200
8,800 up
Notes :
1. Includes electrical work, additional

FCU and minor alteration of fire
services to suit layout.
2.

Excludes facade modification, data

cabling, operational items and
equipment (e.g. computers, P.O.S.,
office equipment) and opening
expenses.
RESTAURANTS
General dining restaurant

Fine dining restaurant
6,700 - 13,000
14,000 up
Note :
OFFICES

BUILDING TYPE
4,200 - 6,500
6,600 - 8,900
9,000 up
Includes furniture, floor, wall and ceiling

finishes, electrical work, minor alteration to
air-conditioning and fire services installation
to suit layout, exhaust for kitchen but
excludes exhaust flue, operational items
(e.g. cutlery, crockery, linen, utensils, etc.).
Notes :
1. Local/Taiwanese/PRC furniture allowed

for general offices.
2. Includes furniture, partitioning, electrical
work, minor alteration to air-conditioning,
fire services and suspended ceiling
to suit ayout.
3. Excludes telephones, data cabling,
office equipment (e.g. computers, photo
copiers, fax machines, UPS, etc).
17
18
Unit costs for ancillary Facilities

for Hong Kong

DESCRIPTION
UNIT
HK$
DESCRIPTION
SQUASH COURTS
SAUNAS
Single court with glass backwall

including associated mechanical
and electrical services but
excluding any public facilities
(enclosing structure not included). per court 350,000
Single court on grade with

acrylic surfacing and complete
with chain link fence.
per court 700,000
Single court on grade with

artificial turf surfacing and
complete with chain link fence.
per court 800,000
Extra for lighting.
per court 300,000
120,000
Steam bath for 4-6 people

complete with all accessories
(enclosing structure not
included).
per room
120,000
GOLF COURSES
(Based on average cost of an

18-hole golf course)
GOLF SIMULATOR
per pool 4,500,000
PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENT
Outdoor playground equipment

200,000
comprising various activities.
per set
to

550,000
19
per room
Excluding associated buildings

6,300,000
and equipment.
per hole
to

11,000,000
SWIMMING POOLS
Half Olympic (25m x 10.50m)
outdoor swimming pool built into
ground, fully tiled; complete with
5m wide deck and associated
pool equipment and ozone
system.
HK$
STEAM BATHS
TENNIS COURTS
Sauna room for 4-6 people

complete with all accessories
(enclosing structure not
included).
UNIT
Golf simulation system

complete with projector,
high impact projection screen,
artificial turf, recording system
and control computer with
software (enclosing structure not
included).
per set
500,000
20
21

OTHERS
Basement carparks (< 3 levels)
Elevated carparks (< 4 levels)
Student hostels
Exchange Rate Used : US$1 =
RMB6.84
650
330
490
285
680
N/A
850
1,300
N/A
N/A
410
520
625
270
335
210
670
RMB6.84
N/A
980
1,615
N/A
N/A
468
610
630
375
510
270
790
RMB6.84
>
MOP7.98
950
620
850
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2,530
3,200
N/A
N/A
1,940
S$1.48
1,220
745
1,050
1,150
1,760
910
N/A
1,250
1,015
2,160
2,265
3,075
1,755
2,060
1,555
2,430
1,995
1,655
2,705
RM3.55
400
280
280
340
700
420
540
510
430
1,310
1,510
2,200
740
1,080
950
940
310
450
1,050
INR48
255
218
190
218
595
270
335
325
280
620
665
1,558
415
510
480
395
290
350
435
INDIA @
Rates are exclusive of contingencies.

Rates are nett of GST and exclusive of contingencies.
Rates are exclusive of contingencies and any management contracting fee.
Rates based on projects in Bangalore and Hyderabad and are nett
of VAT and Service Tax. Mumbai costs are generally 7% higher.
630
880
835
730
1,040
915
525
365
435
505
N/A
N/A
1,070
1,330
KUALA
MACAU > SINGAPORE* LUMPUR

(US$/m2)
640
432
472
640
For latest cost information, please refer to our Quarterly Construction

Cost Review.
The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2008 levels, inclusive of

preliminaries and contingencies unless otherwise stated.
HK$7.8
1,180
835
1,285
1,550
2,655
N/A
1,515
455
615
N/A
1,120
1,130
925
1,440
N/A
N/A
2,350
2,990
805
1,030
980
685
520
480
625
1,030
1,860
2,335
2,170
GUANGZHOU/
SHANGHAI + BEIJING +
SHENZHEN +
2,990
2,230
1,470
1,840
INDUSTRIAL
Light duty flatted factories, 7.5 kpa
(150 lb.) loading
Heavy duty flatted factories and
warehouses, 15 kpa (300 lb.) loading
Single storey conventional factory of
structural steelwork
Owner operated factories, low rise
DOMESTIC
Detached houses and bungalows
Terraced houses

OFFICE/COMMERCIAL
Shopping centres

HOTELS
Resort Hotel
3-star budget hotels inclusive of F.F. & E.
5-star luxury hotels inclusive of F.F. & E.
BUILDING TYPE
HONG KONG
CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES

CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED

ASIAN CITIES
22
23

OTHERS
Basement carparks (< 3 levels)
Elevated carparks (< 4 levels)
Student hostels
Exchange Rate Used : US$1 =
++
$
For latest cost information, please refer to our Quarterly Construction

Cost Review.
PHP48
BAHT34.31
440
365
480
595
1,030
583
291
N/A
N/A
N/A
350
370
410
370
1,125
1,080
1,395
710
940
530
940
510
680
920
540 - 630
300 - 410
425 - 450
450 - 560
670 - 785
320 - 425
320 - 400
320 - 425
215 - 345
1,065 - 1,345
1,345 - 1,570
1,625 - 1,850
670 - 785
785 - 1,010
615 - 730
450 - 540
380 - 425
560 - 670
730 - 840
800
430
1,450
860
1,150
540
N/A
N/A
N/A
1,180
1,500
2,000
1,000
1,140
1,430
1,500
1,250
1,000
1,250
JPY94
N/A
1,600
2,130
1,920
2,340
1,700
N/A
1,910
1,490
3,190
3,400
4,800
2,550
3,040
1,600
2,660
N/A
2,130
2,980
TOKYO
Rates are exclusive of contingencies and include 12% VAT.

Rates are nett of VAT and exclusive of contingencies.
Rates are nett of VAT and contingencies.

Rates are nett of VAT.
IDR11,000 VND16,915 KRW1,400
255
205
N/A
N/A
N/A
215
N/A
N/A
N/A
1,020
820
1,185
485
740
400
390
N/A
475
645
(US$/m2)
MANILA + + JAKARTA ^ HO CHI MINH # SEOUL$
The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2008 levels, inclusive of

preliminaries and contingencies unless otherwise stated.
B$1.4718
N/A
520
645
525
N/A
420
N/A
583
N/A
952
N\A
2,040
1,195
1,749
583
1,400
1,630
2,140
648
874
729
455
850
1,120
830
851
519
729
1,020
BANGKOK #
715
510
815
1,005
BRUNEI
INDUSTRIAL
Light duty flatted factories, 7.5 kpa
(150 lb.) loading
Heavy duty flatted factories and
warehouses, 15 kpa (300 lb.) loading
Single storey conventional factory of
structural steelwork
Owner operated factories, low rise
DOMESTIC
Terraced houses

OFFICE/COMMERCIAL
Shopping centres

HOTELS
Resort Hotel
3-star budget hotels inclusive of F.F. & E.
5-star luxury hotels inclusive of F.F. & E.
BUILDING TYPE
CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES (CONTINUED)
PKR78.90
220 - 250
170 - 200
450 - 550
350 - 450
685 - 750
375
270 - 350
300 - 350
250 - 300
1,700 - 2,000
970 - 1,200
1,500 - 1,800
500 - 600
800 - 900
600 - 750
850 - 900
200 - 270
500 - 650
750 - 850
KARACHI


ASIAN CITIES
24
25
(RMB/m )
390 -
390 -
450 -
400 -
300 -
260 -
240 -
370 -
300 -
60 -

700
550
700
600
380
430
320
560
480
100
420 - 600
220 - 320
330 - 510

565
375
715
565
320
260 -
125 -
205 -
305 -
155 -
205 -
155 -
260 -
245 -
42 -
515
360
460
460
305
290
255
360
350
102
335 - 440
125 - 165
155 - 205
100 - 145
80 - 120
510 -
265 -
565 -
450 -
215 -
690 - 875
155 - 260
880 - 1,150
900 - 1,000
100 - 370
263 - 525
126 - 368
210 - 473
294 - 473
158 - 263
178 - 263
136 - 210
210 - 368
210 - 347
42 - 105
362 - 473
131 - 189
162 - 221
89 - 131
89 - 131
414 - 603
288 - 404
635 - 808
462 - 635
231 - 347
735 - 997
157 - 262
900 - 1,100
787 - 945
126 - 368
(RMB/m )
2
*
**
Generally without A/C.

Excludes special power supply.
610 N/A
370 N/A
715 1,700 - 1,900
565 1,700 - 1,900
345
400 - 700
230 -
120 -
185 -
280 -
95 -
170 -
115 -
215 -
215 -
40 -
Rates are nett of GST.
700 - 1,100
300 - 400
550 - 650
380 N/A
355 N/A
355
550 - 750
400
400 - 600
205
400 - 450
265 N/A
215 N/A
320
400 - 550
320
360 - 500
90
130 - 155
305 - 380
90 - 125
110 - 195
90 - 125 N/A
65 - 90 N/A
425 -
245 -
530 -
425 -
225 -
70
60
90
70
60
70 - 210
50 - 130
85 - 165
95 - 240
30 - 145
35 -
25 -
50 -
40 -
20 -
100 - 155
50 - 85
85 - 175
30 - 75
20 - 45
260 - 410
65 - 195
260 - 460
210 - 360
145 - 340
190 - 290
35 - 170
185 - 370
190 - 280
115 - 250
(S$/m )
2
75
60
86
80
25
86 - 400
54 - 190
83 - 360
83 - 110
63 - 105
55 -
45 -
61 -
60 -
20 -
170 - 220
20 - 35
18 - 45
20 - 48
36 - 45
215 - 450
140 - 157
235 - 580
193 - 250
81 - 210
350 - 450
60 - 90
280 - 450
278 - 400
200 - 280
(RM/m )
2

KUALA
SINGAPORE +
LUMPUR
Rates are based on projects in Bangalore and Hyderabad and are nett
of VAT and Service Tax. Mumbai costs are generally 7% higher.
(MOP/m )
2
MACAU
620 - 830 N/A

127 - 220 N/A
835 - 1,045 1,500 - 2,000
620 - 835 1,450 - 1,800
95 - 305
360 - 450
(RMB/m )
2
GUANGZHOU/
BEIJING
SHENZHEN
The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2008 levels, exclusive of contingencies unless otherwise stated.
LIFTS / ESCALATORS
Offices
Industrial
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment
FIRE SERVICES
Offices
Industrial
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment
270 - 370
220 - 280

840 - 1,400
380 - 530
1,200 - 1,800
900 - 1,250
710 - 900
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
Offices
Industrial **
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment
HYDRAULIC SERVICES
Offices
Industrial
1,200 - 2,000
370 - 400
1,500 - 1,800
1,430 - 1,750
405 - 720
(HK$/m )
2
SHANGHAI
HONG KONG
MECHANICAL SERVICES
Offices
Industrial *
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment
BUILDING TYPE
M&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
600 - 850
400 - 500
700 - 900
750 - 1,000
500 - 650
900 - 1,100
400 - 500
1,000 - 1,200
800 - 900
400 - 500
3,000 - 4,000
800 - 1,400
1,300 - 1,800
550 - 800
370 - 600
2,750 - 4,000
1,800 - 2,600
3,200 - 4,600
3,000 - 4,000
1,200 - 1,500
3,600 - 4,500
1,500 - 2,600
4,500 - 5,500
3,500 - 4,500
2,000 - 2,500
(INR/m2)
INDIA @

26
27
900 - 1,800
700 - 1,200
3,000 - 5,800
2,000 - 3,500
4,400 - 8,400
3,000 - 4,000
3,200 - 4,800
800
730
800
780
800
600 - 950
600 - 750
600 - 1,000
600 - 900
500 - 900
145 - 220
55 - 110
130 - 220
140 - 180
140 - 180
450 - 650
110 - 165
450 - 650
110 - 165
55 - 110
450 - 600
250 - 400
450 - 650
400 - 500
450 - 600
550 - 650
175 - 400
550 - 750
500 - 600
500 - 650
25 1,000 - 1,100 1,600 - 2,900 240 - 650

15 N/A N/A N/A
32 1,000 - 1,150 1,500 - 2,800 240 - 600
32
115 - 525 700 - 1,700 180 - 480
20
410 - 505 700 - 1,500 240 - 480
750 -
720 -
750 -
760 -
760 -
1,300 - 1,500 1,800 - 3,600

750 - 900 650 - 1,100
1,100 - 1,300 1,300 - 2,600
700 - 850
650 - 750
2,100 - 2,400
1,550 - 1,650
2,700 - 3,000
2,100 - 2,300
2,200 - 2,900
3,800 - 4,800
1,100 - 1,350
4,500 - 5,250
4,300 - 4,900
4,300 - 4,900
(IDR'000/m )
@@
*
**
JAKARTA #
Generally without A/C.

Excludes special power supply.
Rates are nett of VAT.
Based upon nett enclosed area and nett of VAT.
Transformer, included in Electrical Services.
^^

612 - 1,020
N/A
N/A
N/A
612 - 1,020
428 - 652.8
N/A
N/A
N/A
346.8 - 448.8
N/A
N/A
464 - 816
255 - 442
N/A
1,564 - 1,734
N/A
N/A
N/A
1,428 - 1,598
1,360 - 1,632
N/A
N/A
N/A
1,105 - 1,292
17,000
5,500
18,700
12,900
5,900
20,500
10,600
19,700
8,000
12,800
20,800
11,200
14,700
7,000
2,900
(JPY/m )
2
TOKYO ^^
5,500
2,500
4,900
3,600
2,600
63
30
Included
87
in above
69
50
40 - 50
13 - 20
100 - 120
45 - 50
22 - 35
40 -
27 -
56 -
42 -
30 -
55 - 80
25 - 50
49 - 55
30 - 50
20 - 28
250 - 300
100 - 120
350 - 400
150 - 170
120 - 130
200 - 280
84 - 135
200 - 295
125 - 200
80 - 145
SEOUL$
(VND'000/m ) (KRW'000/m )
2
HO CHI MINH
1,410 - 2,500
1,410 - 2,500
3,000 - 6,250
1,410 - 2,500
1,410 - 2,500
945 - 1,250
945 - 1,680
940 - 2,000
940 - 1,250
635 - 1,000
2,710 - 4,000
650 - 1,060
1,180 - 1,690
650 - 1,060
530 - 690
3,300 - 4,035
2,000 - 2,700
4,550 - 7,400
3,950 - 6,700
1,650 - 2,700
3,180 - 6,700
940 - 1,440
6,330 - 7,000
6,330 - 7,400
2,230 - 2,700
(PKR/m2)
KARACHI
All cost are average. Sprinkler system, fire hose reel are included in Hydraulic Services. Smoke spill
exhaust system is included in Mechanical Services. Fire alarm system, emergency PA system are
included in Electrical Services.
All rates are nett of VAT. Rates for Electrical Services are excluding genset. Rates for Hydraulic
Services are excluding STP. Rates for Mechanical Services refer to ACMV Rates only.
The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2008 levels, exclusive of contingencies unless otherwise stated.
9 -
4 -
17 -
16 -
9 -

25 -

9 -
23 -
28 -
21 -

FIRE SERVICES
Offices
Industrial
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment

55 - 73
15 - 35
30 - 47
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment
LIFTS / ESCALATORS
Offices
Industrial
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment
14 - 32
9 - 15
HYDRAULIC SERVICES
Offices
Industrial
30
15
39
52
37
190 - 238
155 - 185
270 - 340
208 - 340
212 - 260
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
Offices
Industrial **
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment
155 - 185
20 - 32
267 - 300
190 - 217
177 - 207
(PHP/m )
2
MANILA ^
3,000 - 4,300
650 - 1,050
3,000 - 4,900
2,500 - 3,500
1,900 - 3,000
(BAHT/m )
(B$/m )
2
BANGKOK @@
BRUNEI
MECHANICAL SERVICES
Offices
Industrial *
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment
BUILDING TYPE
M&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES (CONTINUED)

28
29

42
42
50 @
750
900
9.0
9.0
145
145
150
kg
230
m 2
m 2
m 2
%
12mm Fibrous plasterboard

ceiling lining
Two coats of emulsion paint to
plastered surfaces
Average expected preliminaries
3 - 8
27
145
125
22
9
28
11
530
5 - 10
28
120
100
13
11
15
5 - 10
22
140
100
15
8.5
17
11
420
700**
11
N/A
40
50
40
370
450
4.8
4.8
145
22
60
17
(RMB)
N/A
35
40
35
330
430
5.2
5.2
120
11
25
11
(RMB)
GUANGZHOU/
BEIJING
SHENZHEN
8 - 12
68
300
250
80
32
70
28
1,030
N/A
190
135
185
600
720
9.5
10
230
65
45
55
(MOP)
MACAU
14 - 18.5
3.5 - 4
35
58
22
4.5 - 5.5
15.5
4.5 - 5.5
315
42
39 - 44
36 - 42
39 - 44
245 + +
195
1.8 - 2
1.8 - 2
50
17
15
17
(S$)
6 - 12
3.5 - 4
30 - 45
50 - 70
15 - 20
6.5 - 7.5
12 - 15
6.5 - 7.5
350 - 500
55 - 60
28 - 35
30 - 35
28 - 35
250 - 270
270 - 300
4.3 - 5
4.3 - 5
45 - 65
11 - 13
10 - 18
12 - 15
(RM)
KUALA
SINGAPORE +
LUMPUR
6 - 10
3.5
14
30
*
**
Rate including waste charges implemented on 1 Dec. 2005.

Rates for double glazed window.
Rates for 120mm thick concrete block walls.
+ Rates are nett of GST.

++ Rates for lean concrete blinding.
2.55
6.5
2.7
160 - 240
28.75
14
18
14
110
140
1.5
1.5
38
3
3.5
B$
BRUNEI
The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2008 levels and are based on lump sum fixed price contract rates exclusive of preliminaries and contingencies unless otherwise stated.
10 - 15
40
380
85
m 2
Ceramic tiles bedded to floor

screed (m/s)
20mm Cement and sand (1:4)

plaster to walls
28
70
kg
m 2
23
1,300
m 2
Structural steelwork - beams,

stanchions and the like
Steelwork - angles, channels, flats
and the like
25mm Cement and sand (1:3) paving
550
m 2
N/A
340
400
4.8
4.8
540
m 3
m 3
kg
kg
Aluminium casement windows,

single glazed
"Kliplok Colorbond" 0.64mm profiled

steel sheeting
20
42
90
160*
140
23
90
m 3
Mild steel rod reinforcement

High tensile rod reinforcement
Sawn formwork to soffits of suspended
slabs
m 2
Sawn formwork to columns and walls m2
112.5mm Thick brick walls
m 2
Hardcore bed blinded with fine

materials
Mass concrete grade 15
Reinforced concrete grade 30
(RMB)
(HK$)
Unit HONG KONG SHANGHAI
Excavating basements; not exceeding

2.00m deep
m 3
Excavating for footings; not exceeding
1.50m deep
m 3
Remove excavated materials off site m3
DESCRIPTION
MAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES

Major RAtes For SELECTED asian cITIES
30
31
55
55
180
kg
kg
m 2
m 2
m 2
m 2
m 2
%
25mm Cement and sand (1:3) paving

20mm Cement and sand (1:4)
plaster to walls
Ceramic tiles bedded to floor
screed (m/s)
12mm Fibrous plasterboard
ceiling lining
Two coats of emulsion paint to
plastered surfaces
Average expected preliminaries
10 - 15
100
800
1,200
8 - 15
350
1,300
1,200
350
90
350
95
8,500^
850
700
N/A
750
2,500
3,500
4,800
52
53
5 - 10
16
80##
80
35
17
30
17
700
140
85
85
85
25
63
70
10
10
20
20
20
(IDR'000)
8 - 12
48.2
245.5
173.3
40.3
18.7
35.3
19.8
1,610
349
96.4
140.3
108.2
230
1,135
1,493
16
15.8
56
29.7
60
(VND'000)
5 - 10
130
800
850
190
70
275
70
3,000
900
350
500
375
2,800
3,400
4,250
43
45
140
100
120
(INR)
JAKARTA # HO CHI MINH # INDIA @@
2,400
8,000
2,400
(KRW)
SEOUL$
95,000
27,000
50,000
27,000
8 - 10
215&
750 - 850
925 - 1,280
325 - 370
160
376
160
5 - 10
5,000
5,300
45,000
8,000
2,000
2,000
1,950
4,305 - 5,380 206,500
3,000
430 - 485
645
430 - 485
1,000 - 1,050 25,000

4,250 - 4,600 67,400
7,072 - 8,345 69,000
80 - 85
1,200
80 - 85
1,200
300 - 350
125 - 150
350 - 425
(PKR)
KARACHI
15 - 22
905
N/A
6,000
2,900
395
2,500
250
23,000
2,150
3,300
12,800
3,300
7,850
10,400
12,250
115
125
900
3,050
870
(JPY)
TOKYO
The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2008 levels and are based on lump sum fixed price contract rates exclusive of preliminaries and contingencies unless otherwise stated.
@@
$ Rates include labour costs and are nett of VAT.
# Rates are nett of VAT.
Rates based on projects in Bangalore and

Hyderabad and are nett of VAT and Service Tax.
## 9mm gypsum board.
^ Aluminium with anodized finish; 6mm thick.

Mumbai costs are generally 7% higher.
& Including filling materials.
Steelwork - angles, channels, flats

and the like
200
5,500
m 2
Structural steelwork - beams,

stanchions and the like
Aluminium casement windows,

single glazed
900
350
500
350
m 2
m 2
m 2
800
1,800
2,250
28
28
m 3
m 3
m 3
kg
kg
250
200
100
120
m 2
"Kliplok Colorbond" 0.64mm profiled

steel sheeting
112.5mm Thick brick walls
Sawn formwork to columns and walls
Sawn formwork to soffits of

suspended slabs
High tensile rod reinforcement
Mild steel rod reinforcement
Mass concrete grade 15

Reinforced concrete grade 30
Hardcore bed blinded with

fine materials
350
(PHP)
MANILA
120
(BAHT)
Unit BANGKOK #
Excavating basements; not exceeding

2.00m deep
m 3
Excavating for footings; not exceeding
1.50m deep
m 3
Remove excavated materials off site m3
DESCRIPTION
MAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES (CONTINUED)

Major RAtes For SELECTED asian cITIES
32
33
750
850
2,500
2,750
1,575
2,250
2,750
3,000
1,200
370
430
1,060
1,300
1,080
750
960
1,170
- -
1,200
1,600
3,700
4,200
2,800
3,100
3,400
2,900
- -
1,400
1,800
3,900
4,400
3,100
3,100
3,800
3,100
- -

SAN

LOS
JO'BURG
FRANCISCO
ANGELES
(US$/m2)
1,200
1,900
4,000
4,500
3,200
3,300
3,800
3,200
- -
NEW
YORK
1,350 - 1,750
2,250 - 2,600
4,300 - 5,100
5,300 - 6,850
2,650 - 3,550
4,300 - 5,100
5,300 - 7,250
5,850 - 9,050
- -
LONDON
2,538
3,450
2,700
3,020
3,900
3,910
920
1,990
1,450
2,500
4,200
4,200
2,800
4,200
4,200
2,600
4,400
4,400
905
4,000
1,930
370
990
670
830
9,500
2,800
860
9,500
3,200
880
6,460
3,400
700 - 1,100
4,100 - 5,300
3,150 - 3,750
2,750 - 3,150
4,900 - 6,850
N/A

A$
NZ$
ZAR
US$
US$
US$
GBP
1.25
1.42
7.59
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.51
500
2,825
1,900
The above costs are at 2nd Quarter 2008 levels,

inclusive of preliminaries but exclusive of site works
services, land and interest costs, professional fees, tenant fitout and equipment.
Large fluctuations in exchange rates can create short-term anomalies.
Exchange Rate Used (Avg. 2nd Qtr 2008)

US$1 =
OTHERS
Multi Storey Carpark
District Hospital
Primary and Secondary Schools
HOTEL
3 Star Budget
5 Star Luxury
Resort Style
640
788
2,400
2,925
1,690
1,890
2,388
2,500
- -
AUCKLAND
COMMERCIAL/RETAIL
Major shopping centre (CBD)
INDUSTRIAL
Light duty factory
Heavy duty factory
.
SYDNEY
RESIDENTIAL
Average multi unit, high rise
Luxury unit, high rise
BUILDING TYPE
CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED INTERNATIONAL CITIES


INTERNATIONAL CITIES
34
GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA

c2009 Outlook
Building Cost Trends in Hong Kong
Labour Index in Hong Kong
Material Prices in Hong Kong
Estimating Rules of Thumb
Construction Activity in Hong Kong
Construction Value in Hong Kong
China's Buildings Going Green
Hong Kong General Construction Insurance
Specified Forms for Buildings Ordinance or Regulations
for Hong Kong
Summary of Building Regulations for Hong Kong
Percentage Site Coverage and Plot Ratios
for Hong Kong
Progress Payments
2009 OUTLOOK
Amidst headlines of stimulus measures, bailout schemes and
record-low interest rates, 2008 ended with the worst global
downturn in decades. 2009 will undoubtedly be a challenging
year for the construction industry around the region.
CHINA: The Financial Crisis in Wall Street has taken the world
by storm. Investments, share prices, property values, sales
turnover and economic growth are plunging. People are losing
their jobs. No place on earth is immune from this truly global
economic downturn. Not even China apparently.
However, construction in China has not been affected to the
same degree as the financial sectors in other countries..at
least for now. The price of reinforcement dropped significantly
from around RMB5,500/tonne (US$800/tonne) to RMB3,500/
tonne (US$500/tonne) following the slump in the world steel
market. On the other hand, we are not witnessing prices for
materials, works or labour falling to the anything near the
same degree. The contractors and suppliers are holding
their fort of tenders and quotations. In our view, this is partly
due to the large number of projects on-hand which have
been secured during the last two years boom - even taking
account of those recently suspended. These appear to be
keeping everyone busy enough at the moment; partly due to
the fact that China is still predicted to have around 8% growth
in 2009 - although some may worry this forecast is somewhat
optimistic. Furthermore, the government has announced a
RMB4 trillion economic stimulus package of which a large
portion will be directed into infrastructure, i. e. construction.
Confidence in the market appears stable, or at least is not
showing signs of a dramatic deterioration.
The overall effect is that construction costs in general are
deflated when compared to the peak in the 2nd and early
3rd quarters of 2008, but have also been sustained at
approximately the same level as in 1st quarter 2008. They
have not slumped over the full-year.
Foreign investments, however, remain volatile. Whilst
many funds have reduced their investments, and indeed
some have pulled out completely, we are seeing others
who are increasing their exposure to this last oasis of
37
possible economic growth - presumably hoping to make as

much gains as possible in an effort to balance out the inevitable
deficit back home. For some it might well be a golden
opportunity to grab bargains - many projects or properties
are, and will be, up for sale at much more reasonable prices
than in recent years. This will likely mean that the market for
renovation and fit-out works will pick up.
It would be difficult to predict the price trend in 2009 which will
be largely dependent on how the overall Chinese economy
performs. For construction, it might well be a race between
how fast the on-going projects are completed and how soon
or how effective the up-coming government infrastructure
investments will fill the growing vacuum. And of course the
economy in the rest of the world will still be a critical factor for
China. After all, in this age of globalization, no single country
however large, can be isolated from the events unfolding
within their trading partners borders.
HONG KONG: The Hong Kong construction industry also
suffered from the same volatility in material prices and general
inflation in 2008, resulting in an overall rise of 12% in building
tender prices for the full year. However, the overall level of
construction activity in Hong Kong lagged behind the overall
rate of GDP growth.
During the first three quarters of 2008, the value of gross
construction output rose by 8%. However, after factoring in
rises in construction costs driven by general inflation, actual
output remained fairly flat. In anticipation of a general drop
in construction workload, the industry has been lobbying for
early launches of the major infrastructure projects that were
announced in the Chief Executives 2007 Policy Address.
In light of worldwide drops in commodity prices and a
decreased supply of new building projects, it is anticipated
that building construction costs will fall quite sharply during
2009. However, given the anticipated roll-out of the various
infrastructure projects, tender prices for works of a civil
engineering nature are likely to have more upside.
(Cont'd)
38
2009 OUTLOOK
BUILDING COST TRENDS IN HONG KONG
MACAU: The Macau construction industry suffered

its first set back in early 2008 as a result of Beijings
introduction of travel restrictions on visitors from the
Mainland, and its subsequent impact on the gaming
industry. The suspension of a series of large-scale
developments during the summer months by their
US-based investors, amidst financial difficulties at
home, further worsened Macaus construction business.
This triggered a sudden lay-off of about 10,000 workers
- many from Hong Kong. The total floor area under
construction in the 4 th Quarter of 2008 shrank by 20%
from a year earlier. More ominously for future work load,
the gross floor area which started construction in the first
10 months of 2008 was just a quarter of that in the same
period in 2007.
Whilst Macaus construction costs rose by about 5% in 2008,
this was mainly attributable to rise in material prices during
the first half of the year rather than being driven by demand.
The industry will have to face a further contraction in 2009
but, with the potential Hengqin development in next-door
Zhuhai, a bottoming out would still be possible in 2010.
Construction Cost Trend Prediction

Region
2008
2009
2010
China (1)
(+)5%
0%
(+)3%
Hong Kong (1)
(+)11%
(-)7%
Hong Kong (2)
(+)10%
(+)4%
Macau (1)
(+)5%
(-)10%
(1) Building Works

(2) Civil Engineering Work
0%
(+)10%
0%
YEAR
INDEX
(Base = 100, at Year 1970)
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
1998
1,295
1,259
1,227
1,207
1999
1,185
1,164
1,148
1,130
2000
1,079
1,057
1,040
1,020
2001
990
960
945
935
2002
915
890
875
840
2003
855
878
895
895
2004
940
952
933
930
2005
945
955
963
970
2006
970
980
985
990
2007
1,020
1,074
1,175
1,150
2008
1,239
1,360
1,355
1,281
Historical TPI values from 1970 onwards available at www.dlsqs.com.
39
40
BUILDING COST TRENDS IN HONG KONG
YEAR
INDEX
(Base = 100, at Year 1970)
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
YEAR
HyD Const. Cost

Index
(Nov. 1975 Value = 100)
CEDD Civil
Engineering Works
Index

(1980 Value = 100)
1998
1,103
1,054
1,065
1,034
1998
813
403
1999
1,024
1,031
1,025
989
1999
823
408
2000
959
873
858
844
2000
844
419
2001
862
842
807
721
2001
838
416
2002
687
742
692
733
2002
839
416
2003
720
723
722
681
2003
848
419
2004
685
712
704
701
2004
871
428
2005
711
716
718
697
2005
869
429
2006
714
730
751
789
2006
886
436
2007
821
859
906
998
2007
917
450
2008
1,118
1,305
1,401
2008*
1,042
506
Source : Architectural Services Department, Hong Kong, SAR

Refer to www.archsd.gov.hk for further information.
41
* 1/08 to 9/08 only

Source : Civil Engineering and Development Department, Hong Kong, SAR
Refer to www.cedd.gov.hk/eng/index.htm for further information.
42

MATERIAL PRICES IN HONG KONG
LABOUR INDEX IN HONG KONG
GALVANIZED MILD STEEL ANGLE
YEAR
INDEX
Source : Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong, SAR

Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk for further information.
(Base = 100, at June 1995)
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
1999
149
150
152
153
2000
152
153
154
154
2001
152
152
152
151
2002
150
150
149
148
2003
147
146
146
143
2004
143
140
140
138
2005
137
136
133
132
2006
131
133
134
136
2007
137
135
131
130
2008
129
128
128
REBAR
Figures above are the quarterly average of the monthly indices

43

Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk for further information. (Cont'd)
44
MATERIAL PRICES IN HONG KONG

SAND

ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT

45
COPPER GRADE A
Source : London Metal Exchange

Refer to www.lme.co.uk for further information.
CRUDE OIL
Source : Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Refer to www.opec.org for further information.
46
Estimating rules of thumb

Composition of Concrete (per m3)
Mix
1:3:6
1:2:4
1:1:2
Cement
Structural Design - Concrete Ratios
Sand
216 kg
308 kg
540 kg
Aggregate
0.45 m3
0.43 m3
0.38 m3
0.90 m3
0.86 m3
0.75 m3
Weight of Concrete Items

Item
Concrete
Cement
Sand
Aggregate
Steel
2,400
1,450
1,600
1,600
7,843
Average Loads
10.0 m3
5.5 m3
200 - 1,450 m3
Dimensions for Standard Parking Space,

Loading/Unloading Bays and Lay-bys

Private Cars, Taxes
and Light Vans
Coaches and Buses
Lorries
Container Vehicles
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
Volume
Lorry (24 ton)

Concrete truck (24 ton)
Barge
Weight
Length
Width
5 m
12 m
11 m
16 m
2.5 m
3.0 m
3.5 m
3.5 m
Minimum
Headroom
2.4 m
3.8 m
4.1 m
4.5 m
Minimum headroom means the clearance between the

floor and the lower most projection from the ceiling including any lighting units, ventilation ducts, conduits or
similar.
The following is a range of concrete ratios for building

superstructure design in Hong Kong :
Concrete/floor area
Formwork/floor area
Reinforcement
0.4 m3/m2
2.2 m2/m2
160 kg/m3
to 0.5 m3/m2
to 3.0 m2/m2
to 250 kg/m3
Average External Wall/Floor Ratio

Residential Apartments
Office, Hotel
Industrial
1.0 m2/m2
0.4 m2/m2
0.4 m2/m2
Average Internal Wall/Floor Ratio

Residential Apartments
Office
Hotel
1.0 m2/m2
0.5 m2/m2
1.5 m2/m2
The above ratios are indicative and for reference purposes

only. They do not account for buildings with special
shapes, configurations or particularly small foot prints.
Indicative Dimensions for Sports Grounds

Tennis Court
Squash Court
Basketball Court
Volleyball Court
Badminton Court
Ice Rink
Soccer Pitch
Length
Width
40 m
13 m
34 m
36 m
20 m
61 m
120 m
20 m
6m
20 m
20 m
10 m
26 m
90 m
The above dimensions are for a single court with

appropriate clearance. No spectator seating or support
area has been allowed.
47
48
Construction Activity IN HONG KONG
Year

*
#

1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003#
2004#
2005#
2006#
2007#
2008#*
Completed
m2
3,099,000
3,080,000
2,888,000
2,162,000
1,834,000
1,849,000
2,526,000
2,630,000
1,515,000
1,354,000
1,909,000
1,587,000
1,720,000
1,227,000
1,389,000
1,030,000
714,000
construction value IN HONG KONG
Consent to
Commence
m2
2,967,000
2,261,000
2,025,000
2,040,000
2,970,000
2,951,000
2,139,000
2,191,000
1,850,000
1,388,000
1,372,000
1,683,000
1,115,000
1,476,000
1,398,000
1,539,000
881,000
1/08 to 9/08 only

As from January 2003 onwards, statistics by Buildings Department on
"Consent to Commence" are published with 2 sub-divisions, viz. "First
Submission" and "Major Revision". Details can be found in the Buildings
Department's "Monthly Digest".
Year

1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008*
Value (Actual)
HK$ millions
67,741
75,338
89,172
99,807
116,290
131,500
133,316
126,437
122,071
113,986
106,000
99,032
93,171
90,851
90,230
92,866
73,205
Value (Discounted
to 1992)
HK$ millions
67,741
67,598
72,988
71,143
73,547
69,263
76,212
77,205
82,577
84,118
87,071
76,349
69,127
64,626
62,888
55,720
39,431
* 1/08 to 9/08 only


Buildings Department, Hong Kong , SAR
Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk and www.bd.gov.hk for further information.
49
50
CHINA'S BUILDINGS GOING GREEN

Energy Saving Requirements for Buildings
With over 2 billion square meters of floor space being built in China
annually, the Chinese government has been intensifying efforts to
adopt policies and proactive measures to promote energy efficient
buildings in China. A seminal legal development in this regulatory
process is the promulgation of the Regulations on Energy Conservation
for Civilian Buildings (Conservation Regulations), which came into
force on October 1, 2008. The Conservation Regulations apply to a
broad range of residential and commercial buildings.
Construction Compliance and Liabilities
home buyers with information relating to the energy consumption

levels of the properties which they have sold. If the developer
fails to provide such information to the home buyer or if the
information provided is incorrect, the developer may be subject to an
administrative penalty of up to 2% of the sale price of the property.
The home buyer may also make claims for compensation for any loss
suffered as a result of the developers non-compliance. In regards
to the maintenance, the contractor shall be responsible for the
maintenance of thermal insulation work, and shall be responsible for
rectifying any defects during the warranty period of normally five years.
Construction permits are only issued to buildings in compliance with

statutory energy conservation standards. If the planning layout of a
building fails to comply with the building energy efficiency standards,
the planning authority will not issue the Construction Project Planning
Permit, and the construction authority will not issue the Construction
Commencement Permit. No construction work may be commenced
without obtaining these two permits.
Green Building Rating System
All parties involved in a construction, that is, the project owner,

the designer, the contractor and the construction supervisor
are required to comply with the mandatory energy conservation
standards, otherwise, they could be subject to sanctions such as
fines, suspension of business, or degradation or revocation of their
professional qualification(s). They could also be sued for losses
caused to home buyers, and others. The law prohibits project owners
from instructing a contractor or designer to deviate from the mandatory
energy saving standards, or using construction materials that do not
meet the mandatory standards. A project owner may be liable for a
fine of 2% - 4% of the total construction contract price if the project
owner accepts a building that fails to comply with the mandatory
energy saving standards.
The green building rating system issues two types of certificates.

Construction projects in the design or construction phase may be
issued a Green Building Design Rating Certificate, which is valid
for 2 years. Subject to meeting relevant requirements, a completed
building may be issued a Green Building Rating Certificate after its
first year of use. Such a certificate is valid for 3 years.
To strictly implement the energy saving standards imposed by the

Conservation Regulations, the Ministry of Housing and Urban and
Rural Development (Ministry of Housing), together with three
other governmental authorities, circulated a notice on December 4,
2008 requiring local governments to pass appropriate regulations to
implement the Conservation Regulations locally. This notice also
stipulates that the local housing authorities must not grant construction
or planning permits to any project which does not comply with such
energy saving standards.
Before the green building rating system was established, some

developers marketed and labeled their properties as a green building
with reference to certain international standards. Now that the Ministry
of Housings rating system has come into effect, no building may be
marketed or labeled as a green building unless it has been issued
an official green building certificate.
Developers Obligations and Liabilities

The energy saving requirements also extend to the sale and
maintenance of the buildings. For example, a developer must provide
Provided by :
Mr Rico Chan
Partner
BAKER & MCKENZIE, Beijing/Hong Kong
Tel : (852) 2846 1971 (Hong Kong)
Email : rico.chan@bakernet.com
51
The Chinese government introduced a green building rating system

in October 2007. The green building rating system is a voluntary
national rating system implemented to recognize developers who go
beyond the statutory minimum energy saving standards to develop
sustainable buildings.
Both types of certificates have three grades with the highest grade
being the Grade Three level. Grade Three Certificates are issued by
the Ministry of Housing, and Grade One Certificates and Grade Two
Certificates are issued by local construction bureaus. In July 2008,
the Ministry of Housing announced six green buildings that have been
honored under this rating system.
As a developing country fully aware of the importance and urgency

of addressing climate change issues, China is taking a proactive
approach in adopting policies and proactive measures to promote
its green building legal regime. This is a rapidly evolving regime that
investors and users of Chinese buildings should keep a close eye on.
Provided by :
Mr Rico Chan
Partner
BAKER & MCKENZIE, Beijing/Hong Kong
Tel : (852) 2846 1971 (Hong Kong)
Email : rico.chan@bakernet.com
52
HONG KONG GENERAL CONSTRUCTION

INSURANCE
This section provides general information regarding
construction insurance arrangements in Hong Kong.
It is common place for Hong Kong construction
contracts to contain provisions as to insurances
such as Employees Compensation Insurance, Third
Party Liability Insurance, Works Insurance and, on
occasion, Professional Liability Indemnity Insurance.
For employers, the insurance placement ensures that
the contractual indemnities are backed by a financial
institution that can afford to pay. For contractors, it
provides a certain degree of protection to ensure that
he has the means to pay in the event of mishaps.
The insurances may be effected by the contractor
(Contractor Controlled Insurance Programme or CCIP)
or be taken out by the employer (Employer Controlled
Insurance Programme or ECIP). CCIP tends to be
the most common form of insurance arrangement in
Hong Kong, since the contractor is in control of all
site operations and in a better position to manage
its own site safety / risk. As a poor safety record will
count against the contractor in premiums negotiation
in the procurement of insurance, CCIP provides an
incentive for better safety / risk management. On the
other hand, ECIP placement leaves the control of the
insurance programme in the hands of the employer,
thereby offering advantage of providing comprehensive
insurance coverage on a project basis and hence
minimizing overlaps and gaps in insurance coverage.
Employees Compensation
Section 40 (1) of the Employees Compensation
Ordinance states that no employer shall employ
any employee unless there is a policy of Employees
Compensation Insurance in place. The maximum
penalty for failing to comply with this provision is two
years in jail.
53
By the Ordinance, the principal contractor shall take out

insurance for his employees and all of the employees
of subcontractors with a limit of indemnity of HK$200
million per event.
Since an injured worker could attempt to sue the
employer, the employer will want to ensure the
contractor has taken out insurance in joint names with
the employer.
Contractors' All Risks Insurance
A Contractors' All Risks policy generally comprises (i)
Third Party Insurance which covers injury to persons
(except the Contractors own workmen) or damage to
property (other than the Works), due to the carrying
out of the Works which may or may not be caused
by a default of the contractor. The policy is normally
subject to a maximum reimbursement per incident but
unlimited in the number of incidents, (ii) Contract Works
Insurance which covers damage caused to the Works
itself by risks not excluded from the policy and (iii) Plant
& Equipment Insurance which covers the contractors
plant and equipment used in the Works. Plant &
Equipment Insurance is not normally required under
the contract conditions and is voluntarily purchased
by the contractor.
Professional Indemnity Insurance
For construction contracts involving contractor s
design, it is not uncommon for the employer to
require the contractor and his design consultants and
independent checking engineers to obtain insurance
to cover their liability for design. For Government
Contracts, the Professional Indemnity Insurance shall
cover the contractor's liability for design generally for
the construction period and a further 6 years.
54
55
Application for restoration of name to the register of general building contractors / specialist contractors.
Application for approval of technical director / other officer / person appointed to act for the purposes of the Building Ordinance
for a registered general building contractor / registered specialist contractor.
BA1B
BA2
BA2A
BA2B
BA2C
BA4
BA5
BA6
BA7
BA8
BA9
Notice from a registered contractor on ceasing to be appointed in respect of building works or street works and certificate in
respect of that part of the building works or street works carried out by the registered contractor.
Certificate on completion of building works resulting in a new temporary building, a new building or part of a new building and
application for temporary occupation permit in respect of such building or part.
Certificate on completion of building works resulting in a new building and appplication for permit to occupy such building.
BA11

BA12

BA13
BA14
BA14A
BA15
BA16
BA17
BA18
BA19
BA20
Application for authorization to carry out and/or maintain groundwater drainage works.
BA22
BA23
BOs 8B
B(OSI)R 6(1) & 7(3)
BOs 28B(1)
B(P)R 23(2)
B(DW)R 8(3)
B(P)R 64
B(P)R 53(1)
B(P)R 51
BOs 42(2)
BOs 25(1)
B(A)R 25
B(A)R 25 & 26
B(A)R 25, BOs 21(2)
B(A)R 25, BOs 21(2)
B(A)R 24
B(A)R 20
BOs 20(2)
B(A)R 31
BOs 19(3), B(A)R 28
B(A)R 18
B(A)R 29(1) & 18A
B(A)R 23(1A)
BOs 8B
BOs 8D(2)
BOs 8C(2)
Source : Buildings Department, Hong Kong, SAR. Refer to www.bd.gov.hk for further information.
Notification to the Building Authority of change of business address of authorized person / registered structural engineer / registered B(A)R 45
general building contractor / registered specialist contractor.
Application for grant/renewal of licence for an oil storage installation.
Notice of nomination by authorized person or registered structural engineer or registered geotechnical engineer of another authorized
person or registered structural engineer or registered geotechnical engineer to act in his stead during temporary inability to act..
BA21

Notice of technically competent person or persons appointed to supervise demolition works.
Application for permit to erect hoardings, covered walkways or gantries.
Application for p ermit to erect a contractor's shed.
Application for permit to erect a temporary building.
Application for modification of and/or exemption from the provisions of the Buildings Ordinance and/or Regulations made thereunder.
Notice of intended material change in the use of a building.
Certificate on completion of demolition works.
Certificate on completion of building works not resulting in a new building or of street works.
Notice of appointment of registered contractor, notice of commencement of building works or street works and undertaking by
registered contractor.
Application for renewal of consent to the carrying out of building works or street works.
Application for consent to the commencement and carrying out of building works or street works.
Notice of urgent works required as a result of accident or emergency.
Stability certificate of authorized person and/or registered structural engineer.
Application for approval of plans of building works and/or street works, and certificate of preparation of plans.
Notice of appointment of authorized person and/or registered structural engineer and/or registered geotechnical engineer.
Application for renewal of registration as a registered general building contractor / registered specialist contractor.
Application for registration as a general building contractor / specialist contractor.
Application for restoration of name to the authorized persons' register / structural engineers' register / geotechnical engineers' register. BOs 3(12)
BA10

BA24

BOs 3(6)
OF REGULATION
RELEVANT SECTION
Application for retention of name in the authorized persons' register / structural engineers' register / geotechnical engineers' register. BOs 3(9B)
BA1A
Application for inclusion in the authorized persons' register / structural engineers' register / geotechnical engineers' register.
BA1
PURPOSE
FORM NO.
SPECIFIED FORMS FOR BUILDINGS ORDINANCE OR REGULATIONS

SPECIFIED FORMS FOR BUILDINGS

ORDINANCE OR REGULATIONS FOR
HONG KONG
56
SUMMARY OF BUILDING REGULATIONS

FOR HONG KONG
Description
Number of
Regulations
PERCENTAGE SITE COVERAGE AND

PLOT RATIOS FOR HONG KONG
DEFINITION
Class A Site : Not being a class B or class C site, that
abuts on one street not less than 4.5 m
wide or on more than one such street.
Administration
47
Appeal
14
Construction
93
Demolition Works
13
Energy Efficiency
Oil Storage Installations
12
Planning
72
Item
Private Streets and Access

Roads
28
Refuse Storage Chambers

and Chutes
1.
Class A site

Not less than one-half of

the roofed-over area of
the building
25
Standards of Sanitary
Fitments, Plumbing,
Drainage Works and
Latrines
2.
Class B site

Not less than one-third of

the roofed-over area of
the building
91
Ventilating Systems
3.
Class C site

Not less than one-quarter

of the roofed-over area of
the building
Source : Buildings Ordinance, Hong Kong, SAR

Refer to www.legislation.gov.hk for further information.
Class B Site : A corner site that abuts on 2 street neither

of which is less than 4.5 m wide.
Class C Site : A corner site that abuts on 3 streets
none of which is less than 4.5 m wide.
OPEN SPACE ABOUT DOMESTIC BUILDINGS

Class of site
Open space required

(Cont'd)
57
58
PERCENTAGE SITE COVERAGE AND PLOT

RATIOS FOR HONG KONG
DOMESTIC BUILDINGS
Height of
building
in metres
Percentage site
coverage
NON-DOMESTIC BUILDINGS
Plot Ratio
Class Class Class Class
Percentage site
coverage
B
site
C
site
A
site
C
lass Class
B
C
site site
Class
Not over 15 m
66.6 75
80
3.3
3.75 4.0
100
15 m to 18 m
60
67
72
3.6
4.0
4.3
97.5
97.5
18 m to 21 m
56
62
67
3.9
4.3
4.7
95
21 m to 24 m
52
58
63
4.2
4.6
5.0
24 m to 27 m
49
55
59
4.4
4.9
5.3
27 m to 30 m
46
52
55
4.6
5.2
30 m to 36 m
42
47.5 50
5.0
36 m to 43 m
39
44
47
43 m to 49 m
37
41
49 m to 55 m
35
55 m to 61 m
34
Over 61 m
A
site
A
site
Class
B
site
100
Class
C
site
100
Plot Ratio
Class
A
site
Class
B
site
Class
C
site
97.5
5.8
5.8
5.8
95
95
6.7
6.7
6.7
92
92
92
7.4
7.4
7.4
89
90
90
8.0
8.1
8.1
5.5
85
87
88
8.5
8.7
8.8
5.7
6.0
80
82.5
85
9.5
9.9
10.2
5.4
6.1
6.5
75
77.5
80
10.5
10.8
11.2
44
5.9
6.5
7.0
69
72.5
75
11.0
11.6
12.0
39
42
6.3
7.0
7.5
64
67.5
70
11.5
12.1
12.6
38
41
6.8
7.6
8.0
60
62.5
65
12.2
12.5
13.0
33.33 37.5 40
8.0
9.0 10.0
60
62.5
65
15
15
15

59
60
progress payments
The following graph and table are an indication of the rate
of expenditure for construction projects.
The rate of expenditure is an average rate and will vary
from project to project when specific project circumstances
are taken into account.
No account has been made for retention.
PROPERTY
Project Period
CONTRACT
PERIOD
CUMULATIVE
PROGRESS CLAIMES
CONTRACT
PERIOD
Property Commentary

CUMULATIVE
PROGRESS CLAIMES
5%
1%
55%
59%
10%
3%
60%
68%
15%
5%
65%
77%
20%
7%
70%
83%
25%
10%
75%
88%
30%
14%
80%
92%
35%
21%
85%
94%
40%
29%
90%
96%
45%
38%
95%
98%
50%
48%
100%
100%
61
Property Indicators
in Hong Kong
in PRC
Construction Floor Area (CFA) Definition
3. property
property COMMENTARY
2008 PROPERTY MARKET REVIEW FOR HONG KONG
Overall
In 2008, the sub-prime mortgage crisis in the US took a toll on Hong
Kongs economy. GDP growth in real terms decelerated rapidly, from
7.3% in the first quarter to 4.2% in the second and only 1.7% in the
third.
The capital values of Grade-A offices fell 40.1% after peaking in

February, returning to levels last seen in the fourth quarter of 2006.
The total number of sales transactions amounted to 2,681 in the first
ten months of 2008, down 12.1% from the same period in 2008.
Both external and domestic demand weakened markedly during the

year. Externally, the growth of merchandise exports slowed from
10.5% in the first quarter to 5.1% in the third quarter, while the growth
of visitor arrivals also diminished from 10.0% to -1.4% over the same
period. On the domestic front, consumer confidence faltered amid a
wave of corporate redundancy. The growth of retail sales value slowed
from 17.5% in the first quarter to 0.3% in October. Meanwhile, the
unemployment rate increased to 3.8% in the three months to November,
compared with 3.3% in the first quarter.
The market is likely to remain weak in the near term, with corporate
downsizing continuing and commercial banks keeping a tight grip on
lending.
Hong Kongs economy is likely to stay in recession during the first half
of 2009, with unemployment continuing to rise.
Residential
With the global financial crisis deepening, the mass residential property
sector started to lose momentum in March, while the luxury sector
commenced its downturn in July. By the end of November, the average
price of mass residential units had dropped 23.1% from its peak level in
March and luxury flat prices had fallen 32.5% from its peak in June.
With commercial banks tightening lending and credit-starved sellers
being forced to sell their properties to cover losses in other investments,
the market saw significant price corrections in the third quarter. There
were roughly 91,000 residential sales transactions in the first 11 months
of 2008, a drop of 17.1% year on year. By the end of November, luxury
residential rentals had fallen 24.3% from the peak level in July, as
demand for luxury apartments shrank significantly amid an atmosphere
of rising job insecurity and a slowing inflow of foreign corporations.
Looking ahead, residential prices are expected to slide further before
bottoming, but prices are expected to become increasingly resilient in
the second half of 2009.
Office
With growing turbulence in the local stock market and deepening
concerns over a global recession, Hong Kongs Grade-A office sales
market started to lose momentum in the first quarter of 2008, while the
leasing market began to weaken in the second half of the year.
Given the shrinking liquidity for investment funds and the contracting
revenue base of the entire corporate sector, many companies halted
their expansion plans. The average vacancy rate edged up from a low
level of 2.2% in July to 2.6% by the end of November. Meanwhile, office
rentals had dropped 18.1% in Central and 18.4% in Hong Kong overall,
by the end of November, from the peak levels recorded in July.

63
Provided by :
Retail
The fallout of the global financial crisis spilled over to Hong Kongs
retail property market in the second half of 2008, forcing a number of
retailers to close their businesses. Notable victims included U-right,
Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, Tai Lin Radio Service, Meguro Sushi and
Sushi Tei.
Rentals of shops started to head south in the third quarter, as landlords
began to soften their stance to secure tenants. Meanwhile, prices of
prime street shops showed a more marked decline in the fourth quarter,
after plunging 12.3% in the third quarter. The total number of retail
property transactions amounted to about 3,800 in the first ten months
of the year, down about 30% from the same period last year.
Prime retail properties will be under greater pressure in 2009 as tourist
numbers shrink and per-capita spending diminishes. However, vendors
selling daily necessities will fare better than luxury goods retailers during
this economic downturn.
Industrial
The industrial property market began to quieten in the third quarter of
2008, due to the deepening global financial crisis. During the first ten
months of the year, there were about 5,300 sales transactions of flatted
factories, down 27.0% from the same period in 2007. The total value
of these sales also fell 11.7% to about HK$14 billion.
Deteriorating investment sentiment dragged down en-bloc industrial
sales, from about 30 last year to below 20 this year. Two notable enbloc transactions in 2008 involved two buildings in Kwun Tong, namely
the 110,000-sq-ft Cosmo-Sing Shing Building and the 408,000-sq-ft
Piazza Industrial Building, which were sold for HK$220 million and
HK$622 million, respectively.
Both the rentals and prices of flatted factories started to edge down in
August, falling 2.3% and 10.5% respectively from their peak levels in
July, according to Rating and Valuation Department. As prices fell faster
than rents, there was a slight increment in yields, which averaged 6.2%
in October, higher than those of all other property sectors.
Looking ahead, the industrial market is expected to remain sluggish
as Hong Kongs exports may further slow in 2009.
Provided by :
64
3. property
property INDICATORS
HONG KONG GRADE-A OFFICE PRICE
HONG KONG GRADE-A OFFICE RENTAL VALUES
* Oct-Nov average
Source : Knight Frank
* Oct-Nov average
HONG KONG GRADE-A OFFICE VACANCY RATES
HONG KONG GRADE-A OFFICE SUPPLY
* Oct-Nov average
65
Source : Rating and Valuation Department / Knight Frank
66
67
Subject to justification with reasonable plant layouts.
Applicable only for private spaces serving users of the building and as permitted
under land leases.
Concession may be granted for lift lobbies subject to conditions.
Non-accountable if the covered areas is clearly intended for and designed as

playground.
Non-accountable if: 1. Part of Green features applied and subject to conditions;
2. The platform is for maintenance or other similar functions .
Open-sided covered walkways for residential development may be exempted,
subject to the proposed walkways being for public amenity function.
Non-accountable if permitted under land lease.
Non-accountable subject to conditions.

Non-accountable if situated in non-accountable areas.
Non-accountable
Non-accountable
Non-accountable
Accountable
Accountable
Non-accountable
Accountable
Accountable
Non-accountable
Non-accountable
Accountable
Accountable
Non-accountable
Non-accountable
Accountable
Non-accountable
Non-accountable
Non-accountable
Accountable
Curtain wall / Cladding

External wall finishes (Including
Bay Window)
Plant rooms
Staircases and lift shafts
Covered public carpark space
Covered carparking space
Lobby
Canopy
Refuge floor
Elevated deck on ground level
Machinery platforms
Covered walkways
Loading and unloading bay
Refuse storage chambers, refuse
storage, refuse chutes, refuse hopper
rooms
Sloping structure roof
Construction on roof-tops
Recreational facilities
Spaces for watchmen
management staff
Subject to a maximum percentage of the residential gross floor area.
Non-accountable for E&M and staircases only.
Non-accountable when the canopy soley serves as weather protection.
Disclaimer : GFA calculations are subject to various legislation and practice notes. All cases of accountable or non-accountable GFA are subject to individual conditions.
The above presents a brief summary only and users are advised to seek professional advice from authorized persons (in Hong Kong). Davis Langdon &
Seah herewith disclaims any liability that may arise from unsolicited use of the information given above.
External staircases
Precast facades may subject to conditions be excluded from GFA calculation.
Accountable
Balcony / utility platform
and
Non- accountable if: 1. The curtain wall system itself does not form part of the
structural system of the parent building; 2. The system does not result in any
additional floor area at a floor level; 3. The projection of the system from the outer
face of the structural elements does not exceed 300 mm.
Accountable
Except staircases and lift shafts solely serving non-accountable areas.
Green features may upon application and subject to conditions be nonaccountable.
Accountable
Remarks
Basement
Building (Planning)
Regulation
General floor area
Item
GROSS FLOOR AREA (GFA) CALCULATIONS IN HONG KONG

3. property
gross FLOOR AREA (GFA) CALCULATIONS

IN HONG KONG
68
69
Non-accountable for GFA subject to the platforms being solely for maintenance
or other similar functions.
Except where vertical height does not exceed 1.2m.

1. Shanghai : Non-accountable if the area of the construction on roof-top does
not exceed 1/8 of area of the standard floor.
2. Guangzhou: E&M construction on roof-tops are exempt from GFA.
Accountable
Accountable
Accountable
Accountable
Accountable
Accountable
Machinery platforms
Covered walkways
Loading and unloading bay
Refuse storage chambers, refuse
storage, refuse chutes, refuse hopper
rooms
Sloping structure roof
Construction on roof-tops
Non-accountable if not roofed over.
Disclaimer : GFA calculations are subject to various legislation and practice notes. All cases of accountable or non-accountable GFA are subject to individual conditions.
The above presents a brief summary only and users are advised to seek professional advice from qualified design institutes (in PRC). Davis Langdon &
Seah herewith disclaims any liability that may arise from unsolicited use of the information given above.
Accountable
Accountable
External staircases
Accountable
Recreational facilities
Spaces for watchmen
management staff
and
Non-accountable for GFA subject to the elevated deck functions being walkway,
green, public amenities or similar public function.
Non-accountable
Elevated deck on ground level
Non-accountable subject to width of the canopy not exceeding 2.1m.
Accountable
Refuge floor
Guangzhou: Non-accountable.
Accountable
Canopy
Accountable
Staircases and lift shafts
Guangzhou: Provided width of bay window does not exceed 0.5m.
Accountable
Accountable
Plant rooms
Except decorative type of curtain wall.
Lobby
Non-accountable
External wall finishes (Including

Bay Window)
National Regulation: Accountable for 50% of the area of the balcony.
Accountable
Accountable
Curtain wall / Cladding
Accountable
Accountable
Balcony / utility platform
Covered carparking space
Accountable
Basement
1. B
eijing: Non-accountable provided the vertical height between the top slab
of the basement and ground level does not exceed 1.5m.
2. Shanghai : Non-accountable.
3. G
uangzhou : Accountable for GFA except where the floor space is solely
for machinery or equipment or carpark.
1. Beijing and Shanghai : Non-accountable if storey height is less than 1.2m.

2. Guangzhou: Accounatble for 50% of GFA if floor height is less than 2.2m.
Remarks
Covered public carpark space
Accountable
National Regulation Regulation of Gross

Floor Area Calculation for
Construction Project
(GB/T 50353-2005)
General floor area
Item
GROSS FLOOR AREA (GFA) CALCULATIONS IN PRC

3. property
gross FLOOR AREA (GFA) CALCULATIONS

IN PRC
70
3. property
CONSTRUCTION FLOOR AREA (CFA)

definition
The construction floor area measured from drawings is defined
as covered floor areas fulfilling the functional requirements of
the building measured to the outside face of the external walls
or external perimeter.
It includes floor areas occupied by:
partitions
columns
stairwells
lift shafts
plant rooms
water tanks
balconies
utilities platforms
vertical ducts
service floors higher than 2.2m and the like
But excludes floor areas occupied by:
bay windows
planters projected from the building, and
the areas covered by canopies, roof eaves and awnings
FINANCIAL
Financial Definitions
Financial Formulae
Mortgage Repayment Table
Composite CPI
Exchange Rates
Currency Charts
Prime Rates
Hang Seng Index
Sloping surfaces such as staircases, escalators and carpark ramps

are to be measured flat on plan.
The measurement of construction floor area is as defined by

Davis Langdon & Seah.
71
4. financial
Financial definitions
DISCOUNT RATE
The rate of return a developer expects when investing
in a project.
i.e. opportunity cost.
INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR)
The IRR may be defined as the interest rate that equates
the present value of expected future cash flows to the
cost of the investment.
The IRR can be compared to the Discount Rate.
NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV)
The NPV is the present value of all future cash flows,
discounted back to today's values at the Discount Rate.
The NPV indicates in today's dollars the profit or loss a
developer makes above or below his required profit (based
on a nominated Discount Rate).
72 RULE
The approximate number of years required to double
your capital can be calculated by dividing the interest
rate into 72.
e.g.

If interest rate = 10% p.a.

Then 72 10 = 7.2 years
It will take approximately 7.2 years to double
your capital if it is invested at 10% p.a.
Financial formulae
Future value of $1 FV = PV (1 + i)n

Future value of $1
per period
FV = PMT [ ((1+i)n - 1) i ]
Sinking fund (the

amount required to
be put away
periodically to
PMT = FV [ i ((1 + i)n - 1) ]
realise some future
sum)
Present value of $1 PV = FV [ 1 (1+i)n ]
Present value of $1
per period
PV = PMT[((1+i)n -1)( i(1+i)n) ]
Annuity with a PV
of $1 (mortgage
bond formula)
PMT = PV[(i (1+i)n) ((1+i)n -1)]
PV
= present value
FV
= future value
PMT
= payment amount
n
= period (e.g. 10 years with monthly

payments, n = 10 x 12 = 120)
i
= interest rate per period

(e.g. 12% p.a. compounded monthly;

i = 12% 12 months = 1% per period)
73
74
4. financial
coMPOSITE CPI
Mortgage repayment table

Based on :
1,000 units of currency

Interest compounded monthly
Equal monthly repayments

Interest
p.a.
REPAYMENT (years)
10
15
20
25
1%
8.76
5.98
4.60
3.77
2%
9.20
6.44
5.06
4.24
3%
9.66
6.91
5.55
4.74
4%
10.12
7.40
6.06
5.28
5%
10.61
7.91
6.60
5.85
6%
11.10
8.44
7.16
6.44
7%
11.61
8.99
7.75
7.07
8%
12.13
9.56
8.36
7.72
9%
12.67
10.14
9.00
8.40
10%
13.22
10.75
9.65
9.09
11%
13.78
11.37
10.32
9.80
12%
14.35
12.00
11.01
10.53
13%
14.93
12.65
11.72
11.28
14%
15.53
13.32
12.44
12.04
15%
16.13
14.00
13.17
12.81
Example:
Borrow $1,000,000 to be repaid monthly at 5% p.a. over 20 years.
Repayments

= 1,000,000 1,000 x $6.60

= $6,600 per month
Refer to www.hkmc.com.hk for an online mortgage calculator.
75
Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008*
Note:
Index
77.8
84.6
92.1
100.4
106.7
113.0
116.2
111.6
107.4
105.7
102.4
99.8
99.4
100.3
102.4
104.4
108.7
% Change
9.6%
8.8%
8.8%
9.1%
6.3%
5.8%
2.8%
-4.0%
-3.8%
-1.6%
-3.0%
-2.6%
-0.4%
1.0%
2.0%
2.0%
4.7%
* 01/08 to 10/08 only
The base index (100) applies to the period from October 2004
to September 2005.
76
4. financial
exchange rates
Approximate rates prevailing in December 2008.
COUNTRY
CURRENCY
HK$1
US$1
COUNTRY
CURRENCY
HK$1
US$1
Australia
Dollar
0.19
1.44
Norway
Kroner
0.90
6.98
Brunei
Dollar
0.19
1.47
Pakistan
Rupee
10.16
78.75
Canada
Dollar
0.16
1.22
Philippines
Peso
5.97
46.27
Renminbi
0.89
6.87
Singapore
Dollar
0.19 1.44
EU (Euro Zone)
Euro
0.09
0.71
South Korea
Won
161.89
1,254.74
Hong Kong
Dollar
1.00
7.75
Switzerland
Franc
0.14
1.06
India
Rupee
6.27
48.58
Taiwan
NT Dollar
4.07
31.51
Indonesia
Rupiah
1,450
11,239
Thailand
Baht
4.48
34.72
Yen
11.63
90.17
United Kingdom
Pound
0.09
0.69
Macau
Pataca
1.06
8.18
of America
Dollar
0.13
1.00
Malaysia
Ringgit
0.45
3.47
Vietnam
Dong
2,245
17,400
New Zealand
Dollar
0.22
1.72
China
Japan

United States
Source
: Hong Kong Monetary Authority
Refer to www.info.gov.hk/hkma for further information
Refer also
77
: www.xe.com ; www.oanda.com
78
4. financial
currency charts
STERLING POUND
AUSTRALIAN DOLLAR
JAPANESE YEN
RENMINBI
Source : Hong Kong Monetary Authority

79

80
4. financial
prime rates
PRIME RATES AND BASE LENDING RATES AS AT
4TH QUARTER 2008
COUNTRY
RATE (%)
Australia*
5.33
Brunei
5.50
China^
5.40
Egypt
13.50
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
9.50
Japan
2.40
Macau
5.25
Malaysia
New Zealand
13.59
Pakistan"
12.37
Philippines
8.089
Singapore
5.38
South Africa
5.00
13.75
6.50
@
15.50
South Korea
3.00
Thailand
7.20
United Kingdom
2.00
United States of America
3.25

*
@
^
$
81
Vietnam
13.00
+ Call Rate
O/N Cash Rate
" Weighted Average Lending Rate
Official Cash Rate
#
3-Year Benchmark Lending Rate Min. and in USD/ per year
Minimum Loan Rate % per annum (average based on local bank)
CHANGES IN HONG KONG PRIME RATES
DATE
11 Jan 1999
12 Apr 1999
03 May 1999
30 Aug 1999
14 Feb 2000
27 Mar 2000
22 May 2000
08 Jan 2001
05 Feb 2001
26 Mar 2001
23 Apr 2001
21 May 2001
03 Jul 2001
24 Aug 2001
19 Sep 2001
04 Oct 2001
08 Nov 2001
13 Dec 2001
08 Nov 2002
23 Sep 2004
%
8.75
8.50
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.50
9.00
8.50
8.00
7.50
7.00
6.75
6.50
6.00
5.50
5.25
5.125
5.00
5.125
DATE
12 Nov 2004
21 Mar 2005
23 May 2005
05 Jul 2005
22 Jul 2005
11 Aug 2005
23 Sep 2005
03 Nov 2005
15 Dec 2005
30 Mar 2006
07 Nov 2006
20 Sep 2007
02 Nov 2007
12 Nov 2007
13 Dec 2007
24 Jan 2008
01 Feb 2008
20 Mar 2008
10 Nov 2008
5.00
5.25
5.75
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.50
7.75
8.00
7.75
7.50
7.25
7.00
6.75
6.00
5.75
5.25
5.00

Refer to www.info.gov.hk/hkma for further information.
82
4. financial
hang seng index
OTHER INFORMATION
HANG SENG INDEX
cFung Shui
Utility Costs for Selected Asian Cities
Conversion Factors
IDD Codes and Time Differences
China Map
International Directory of Offices
Telephone Directory
Refer to www.aastocks.com for further information.
Public Holidays
Davis Langdon & Seah Professional Services
83
42
5. other information
FUNG SHUI
Hei ( ) is as vital to the body as it is to a building because
it represents energy and growth. To have good Fung Shui
is to have Sang Hei(
), a live force.
When people work and live in areas where there is an
abundance of Sang Hei, they are motivated, energetic
and innovative. Because of their enterprising attitude and
hard work they make a success of everything they do, and
thus have more fortune than others. Therefore, it can be
said that good Fung Shui provides the opportunity for
a person to benefit from revitalizing Hei and utilize its
energy to fulfill goals. In achieving the latter, the person
will enjoy health and success.
In the year of 2008, year of the rat, with [1] in the centre,
the orbit of the planetary system for the nine stars is
as follows:

SE
South
East
NE
North
SW
West
NW
Key to the above 9 stars:

[1] : Travel, stocks, money market
[2] : Bad health, illness
[3] : Gossip, quarrel, judicial disputes
[4] : Fame, conducive to study
[5] : Evil, misfortune, unlucky, disastrous
[6] : Activity, mobility, figure head
[7] : Theft, quarrel
[8] : Fortune, success in everything, prosperity
[9] : Fortune, success, aggressive
In addition, the Tri-devil ( ) is also located at the

South position in 2008. The South with [5] being
located at this position in 2008 is already undesirable and
this coupled with the Tri-devil have made it even more
disastrous. Whether accidentally or purposely designed
by architects, most Government buildings (including
the White House in USA) are set out at the orientation
of basing North and facing South or basing South
and facing North. This means that these buildings
are subject to the influence of both [5] and Tri- devil in
2008 and therefore people living/working inside these
buildings would suffer misfortune and disasters in 2008.
Some would say that this may explain one of the factors
contributing to the financial tsunami in 2008.
So, what about year 2009? [9] will move to the centre
in 2009. The disposition of the 9 stars will become as
follows:

SE
South
East
NE
North
SW
West
NW
Where is the horrible [5]? It will be at the North position

in 2009. As mentioned above, this evil [5] is still at the
North - South or South - North axis. That means,
there would not be much improvement in terms of Fung
Shui for these Government buildings in 2009 albeit the
Tri-devil will move to the East position. As such, we
should not have high hopes for a quick turn around in the
economic situation in 2009.
As can be seen from the above, [8] and [9] are good,
whereas [2] and [5] are evils.
(Cont'd)
85
86
QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
FUNG SHUI
Some hints on Fung Shui in 2009
1. If the postion of your door, bed rest, or desk is at the
South-East position, it may bring you good fortune.
2. Try to avoid the North position as far as you possibly
can.
Having said all these, a prediction of the future of 2009
(using HK stocks market as a reference) would be shown
in the chart as below:
End of May is the bottom.
From 8th August to mid September, it would be the most
bullish period in 2009.
Nowadays an effective
is one of the core elements in
any kind of business. Davis
Langdon and Seah Hong
Kong Limited aims to provide
not merely quantity surveying
services but also the highest
quality services to meet
clients' requirements.
We launched our Quality
Management System in 1993
to embrace the following
Quality Policy:
16,000
14,000
Assure the quality of

the company's professional services through the
systematic maintenance and improvement of specialist
knowledge and skills to meet the challenges of Clients'
expectations.
Offer the company's Clients the best available research,
database, technology, experience and expertise.
Davis Langdon & Seah Hong Kong Limited achieved

certification to ISO 9001:1987 by the Hong Kong Quality
Assurance Agency in October 1994 to cover quantity
surveying services. We were certified to ISO 9001:1994 in
October 1995.
12,000
10,000
The following further displays our commitment to the continual

improvement of our Quality Management System:
8,000
6,000
09
20
/
4/2
5/3
4/4
5/5
5/6
7/7
7/8
7/9 8/10 7/11 7/12
5/1
(i)
March 2002 saw us become the first quantity surveying

consultancy firm in Hong Kong to be certified to the ISO
9001:2000 standard.
(ii)
May 2004 saw the Hong Kong office of Davis Langdon &
Seah China Limited being certified to the ISO 9001:2000
standard.
(iii) In September 2007, Davis Langdon & Seah (Beijing)

Construction Consultants Co., Ltd. were certified to the
GB/T19001-2000 idt ISO 9001:2000 standard.
87
88
UTILITY COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
CITY
Hong Kong
Shanghai
Beijing
Guangzhou
Shenzhen
Macau
Singapore
Kuala Lumpur
Brunei
Bangkok
Manila
Jakarta
Ho Chi Minh
Bangalore
New Dehli
Islamabad
Seoul
Tokyo
Exchange
Rate
US$1=
ELECTRICITY
Domestic
US$/kwh
HK$7.80
0.10
0.09(peak) /
RMB6.84
0.045(normal)
RMB6.84
0.07
RMB6.84
0.09
RMB6.84
0.099
MOP7.98
0.12
S$1.48
0.21
RM3.55
0.016 - 0.130
B$1.4718
0.028 - 0.158
BAHT34.31
0.052 - 0.087
PHP48.00
0.19 - 0.21
IDR11,000
0.056
VND17,099
0.102
INR48.00
0.123 - 0.209
INR48.00
0.105 - 0.178
PKR78.90
0.017 - 0.094
KRW1,364.46
0.052
JPY94
0.220
Commercial/
Industrial
US$/kwh
0.11
0.14(peak) /
0.064(normal)
0.15
0.16 / 0.13
0.051 - 0.18
0.12
0.21
0.097 - 0.115
0.028 - 0.136
0.049 - 0.051
0.17
0.046
0.045 - 0.15
0.185 - 0.375
0.132 - 0.244
0.058 - 0.096
0.048
0.220

Domestic
Domestic (bi-monthly consumption)
0 - 12m3 :
Free of charge
0 - 400kwh
: US$ 0.10/kwh
12 - 43m3 :
US$ 0.53/m3 400 - 1,000kwh
: US$ 0.11/kwh
43 - 62m3 :
US$ 0.83/m3 1,000 - 1,800kwh
: US$ 0.11/kwh
Above 62m3 :
US$ 1.16/m3 Above 1,800kwh
: US$ 0.12/kwh
Water
Domestic - Within 22m3
23 - 30m3
31m3 above
Commercial
Industrial
Unleaded Fuel
:
:
:
:
:
:
Electricity
US$ 0.27/m3
Commercial
:
US$ 0.42/m3
Industrial
US$ 0.55/m3 Peak
:
US$ 0.431/m3
Normal
:
US$ 0.329/m3 Off-peak
:
93# = US$0.722/litre; 97# = US$0.844/litre;
Consumption charge (flat rate) :

Other charges (Depending on :
meter size 15mm - 200mm)
Minimum consumption fee
:
US$ 0.55/m3
Meter rental
US$0.34 - 58.00/month
US$2.20 - 352.08/month
US$ 0.138/kwh
US$ 0.18/kwh
US$ 0.112/kwh
US$ 0.051/kwh
98# = US$1.109/litre
Electricity
Electricity tarrif are composition of demand

charges, consumption charges, fuel clause
adjustment and government tax

Basis of Charges in Guangzhou, China
Water
Electricity
Domestic
: 35m3 - 50m3/month
Domestic
: 109kwh - 962kwh
Commercial/Industrial : 3,863m3/month
Commercial/Industrial : 204,600kwh
- Water and Electricity actual billing includes miscellaneous charges such as Environmental Charge, Currency
Exchange Rate Adjustment (CERA), VAT, etc.
89
0.83
0.15
0.54
0.19
0.27 - 0.55
0.55
1.22
0.161 - 0.561
0.116
0.248 - 0.412
0.36 - 0.48
0.248
0.16 - 0.47
3.280 - 5.859
3.515 - 5.625
0.058 - 0.139
0.20
2.455
US$/m
0.59
0.26
0.82
0.40 / 0.27
0.329 - 0.431
0.55
1.41
0.583 - 0.642
0.458
0.277 - 0.461
0.76
0.473
0.26 - 0.47
4.406 - 7.266
5.175 - 8.438
0.080 - 0.225
0.11
3.773
Diesel
Leaded
Unleaded
US$/litre
US$/litre
US$/litre
1.06
0.71
0.87
0.75
0.751
1.44
0.87
0.48
0.21
0.564
0.728
0.47
0.70
0.829
0.66
0.608
1.03
0.727
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.33
N/A
N/A
0.352
0.833
N/A
N/A
0.64
1.183
1.031
N/A
N/A
1.055
2.22
0.79
0.85
0.84
0.722 - 1.109
1.32
1.09
0.51
0.360
0.492
0.728
0.50
0.67
1.183
1.031
0.735
1.05
1.109
Basis of Charges in Singapore
- Domestic water rate includes conservation tax and water-borne fee and is an average for the 1st 40m3,
exclude sanitary appliance fee.
- Non-domestic water rate includes conservation tax and water-borne fee, exclude sanitary appliance fee.
- Electricity tariff is based on low tension power supply as at December 2008. With effect from 1st Jan. 2009,
the new tariff will be revised from S$0.3045/kwh to S$0.2293/kwh exclusive of GST.
- Unleaded fuel rate is for 98 Unleaded petrol as at 5th December 2008.
Basis of Charges in Tokyo, Japan (All rates are VAT inclusive)
Water Electricity
Domestic /
: US$ 1.13 - 3.58/m3 diameter of 0kwh - 120kwh : US$0.142/kwh
Commercial / water piping (13mm - 300mm) 120kwh - 300kwh : US$ 0.186/kwh
Industrial Over 300kwh
: US$ 0.197/kwh
Water
Domestic
: US${0.086 (base rate) * contracted amount/m3} + US$0.020/m3
Commercial : US${0.047 (base rate) * contracted amount/m3} + US$0.11/m3
Electricity
Domestic
: US$4.15 (base rate) + US$0.052/kwh
Commercial : US$3.92 (base rate) + US$0.048/kwh (within 1,000kwh, 3,300V - 66,000V)
Basis of Charges in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam (All rates are VAT inclusive)
- Unleaded fuel rate is for Unleaded gasoline 97 Ron.
Basis of Charges in Manila, Philippines
US$/m
Basis of Charges in Seoul, Korea
Basis of Charges in Macau, China

Water
- Unleaded fuel rate is for Unleaded petrol Ron 97
Electricity (Based on tariff scheme of CLP Holding Limited)
Basis of Charges in Shenzhen, China
Commercial/
Industrial
Domestic
FUEL
WATER
Basis of Charges in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Basis of Charges in Hong Kong, China

Water
Water
:

Domestic (Used in norm = US$ 0.16) (Used over norm = US$ 0.47)
Industrial = US$0.26 ; Commercial = US$0.47
Domestic
Commercial
Fuel

Under 100kwh = US$ 0.032; 100 - 200kwh = US$ 0.085

Normal hours = US$ 0.082;
Rest hours = US$ 0.045;
Rush hours = US$ 0.15
Diesel fuel D.O - 0.5%
Leaded petrol used in Vietnam from 1/7/2001. 92 Leaded petrol at December 2008.
Unleaded petrol used in Vietnam from 1/7/2001. 95 Unleaded petrol at December 2008.
Electricity (Domestic electricity rates are applied to the 301 KW above wards; Above 22kwh for Commercial)
:
:
:
:
:
90
conversion factors
UNIT
LENGTH
10 mm = 1 cm
100 cm = 1 m
1,000 m = 1 km
12 in = 1 ft
3 ft = 1 yd
1,760 yd = 1 mile
AREA
10,000 m2 = 1 ha
100 ha = 1 km2
638 acre = 1 mile2
9 ft2 = 1 yd2
4,840 yd2 = 1 acre
VOLUME
1,000 ml = 1 l
(US) 8 pt = 1 gal
1,000 l = 1 m3
(UK) 8 pt = 1 gal
MASS
(APPROX)
1 in
1 ft
1 yd
1 mile
= 25.400 mm
= 30.480 cm
= 0.914 m
= 1.609 km
1 cm
1 m
1 m
1 km
=
=
=
=
0.394 in
3.281 ft
1.094 yd
0.621 mile
1 ft2
1 yd2
1 acre
1 mile2
=
=
=
=
1 m2
1 m2
1 ha
1 km2
=
=
=
=
10.764 ft2
1.196 yd2
2.471 acres
0.386 mile2
(UK) 1 pt
(US) 1 pt
(UK) 1 gal
(US) 1 gal
0.093 m2
0.836 m2
0.405 ha
2.590 km2
=
=
=
=
0.568 l
0.473 l
4.546 l
3.785 l
(APPROX)
(UK) 1 l
(US) 1 l
(UK) 1 l
(US) 1 l
=
=
=
=
1.760 pt
2.113 pt
0.220 gal
0.264 gal
1 oz
1 lb
1 ton
1 catty
= 28.350 g
= 0.454 kg
= 1.016 tonne
= 0.605 kg
1 gram = 0.035 oz
1 kg
= 2.205 lb
1 tonne = 0.984 ton
POWER
1 hp
1 kw
TEMPERATURE
1,000 g = 1 kg
1,000 kg = 1 tonne
16 tael = 1 catty
91
16 oz = 1 lb
2,224 lb = 1 ton
0.746 kw
(0F-32) x 5/9
= 1.340 hp
(0C x 9/5) + 32
92
idd codes AND Time differences

Location

Australia:
Melbourne
Perth
Sydney
Bahrain
Bangladesh (Dhaka)
Bhutan (Thimphu)
Brunei:
Bandar Seri Begawan
Kuala Belait
Cambodia (Phnom Penh)
Canada:
Toronto (Metropolitan)
Vancouver
China:
Beijing
Guangzhou
Hong Kong
Macau
Shanghai
Shenzhen
France (Paris)
India:
Bangalore
Chennai
New Delhi
Mumbai
Indonesia:
Bali
Jakarta
Ireland:
Cork
Dublin
Japan
Tokyo
Osaka
Kazakhstan (Almaty)
Korea (Seoul)
Korea (Pyongyang)
Laos (Vientiane)
IDD
Area
Country
Code
Code

Time
Difference
(hours)*
61
61
61
973
880
975
3
8
2
-
2
2
+3
+1
+3
-5
-2
-2
673
673
855
2
3
23
0
0
-1
1
1
604 / 250 / 778
416
-13
-16
86
86
852
853
86
86
33
10
20
-
-
21
755
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
-7
91
91
91
91
80
44
11
22
-2.5
-2.5
-2.5
-2.5
62
62
361
21
0
-1
353
353
21
1
-8
-8
81
81
7
82
850
856
3
6
727
2
2
21
+1
+1
-2
+1
+1
-1
Source : www.worldtimeserver.com ; www.worldtimezone.com

www.timeanddate.com

93

Location

Malaysia:
Johor Bahru
Kota Kinabalu
Kuala Lumpur
Kuching
Penang
Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar)
Myanmar (Rangoon)
Nepal (Kathmandu)
New Zealand:
Auckland
Wellington
Pakistan (Karachi)
Philippines (Manila)
Qatar
Singapore
Spain:
Barcelona
Girona
South Africa:
Johannesburg
Cape Town
Sri Lanka (Colombo)
Russia (Moscow)
Taiwan (Taipei)
Thailand:
Bangkok
Phuket
United Arab Emirates:
Abu Dhabi
Dubai
United Kingdom:
London
Edinburgh
USA:
Los Angeles
New York
Vietnam:
Ho Chi Minh City
Hanoi
IDD
Area
Country
Code
Code

Time
Difference
(hours)*
60
60
60
60
60
976
95
977
7
88
3
82
4
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1.5
-2.25
64
64
92
63
974
65
9
4
21
2
-
-
+5
+5
-3
0
-5
0
34
34
93
972
-7
-7
27
27
94
7
886
11
21
1
495
2
-6
-6
-2.5
-5
0
66
66
2
76
-1
-1
971
971
2
4
-4
-4
44
44
20
131
-8
-8
1
1
213
212
-16
-13
84
84
8
4
-1
-1
* As compared to Hong Kong. Allowance should be made for seasonal

time variations. Time differences above as at 1 January.
94
Public holidays
2008
HONG KONG
The first day of January
Lunar New Year's Day
The 2nd day of Lunar New Year
The 3rd day of Lunar New Year
Ching Ming Festival
Good Friday
The day following Good Friday
Easter Monday
Labour Day
Buddha's Birthday
Tuen Ng Festival
HKSAR Establishment Day
National Day
The day following the Chinese
Mid-Autumn Festival
Chung Yeung Festival
Christmas Day
The 1st week-day after
Christmas Day
2008
2009
CHINA
New Year's Day
01 Jan 01 Jan

02 Jan#
Chinese New Year's Eve
06 Feb 28 Jan*
Chinese New Year
07 Feb 26 Jan

08 Feb 27 Jan

-
29 Jan@

-
30 Jan@
Tomb-Sweeping Day
04 Apr 06 Apr*
Labour Day
01 May 01 May
Dragon-Boat Festival
08 Jun
28 May

-
29 May^
Mid-Autumn Festival
14 Sep 05 Oct*
National Day
01 Oct 01 Oct

02 Oct 02 Oct

03 Oct 06 Oct

-
07 Oct$

-
08 Oct$
01 Jan 01 Jan
07 Feb 26 Jan
08 Feb 27 Jan
09 Feb 28 Jan
04 Apr 04 Apr
21 Mar 10 Apr
22 Mar 11 Apr
24 Mar 13 Apr
01 May 01 May
12 May 02 May
09 Jun 28 May
01 Jul 01 Jul
01 Oct 01 Oct
15 Sep 03 Oct*
07 Oct 26 Oct
25 Dec 25 Dec
26 Dec 26 Dec
2009
* The original day falls on a Saturday / Sunday and a
working day are selected as a substitute holiday

@ 24 Jan , 01 Feb are working days
# 04 Jan is working day

^ 31 May is working day

$ 27 Sep, 10 Oct are working days
As the day following the Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival falls on a

Sunday, the day of that Festival will be designated as an additional
general holiday.
(Cont'd)
95
96
Public holidays
2008
MACAU
New Year's Day
Lunar New Year's Eve
(Afternoon)
Lunar New Year's Day
The 2nd day of Lunar New Year
The 3rd day of Lunar New Year
Ching Ming Festival
Good Friday
The day following Good Friday
Easter Monday
Labour Day
The Buddha's Birthday
Tuen Ng Festival
(Dragon Boat Festival)
Bank's Holiday
National Day
The day following Mid-Autumn
Festival
The day following National Day
Chung Yeung Festival
All Soul's Day
Feast of the Immaculate
Conception
Macau SAR Establishment Day
Winter Solstice
Christmas Eve
Christmas Day
Bank's Holiday
New Year's Eve (Afternoon)
* The days fall on Sunday
^
@

#

For Banks only

Not applicable to Banks
Special grant by the Chief Executive
2008
2009
01 Jan

01 Jan
-
06 Feb
07 Feb 26 Jan
08 Feb 27 Jan
09 Feb 28 Jan
04 Apr 04 Apr@
21 Mar 10 Apr
22 Mar 11 Apr@
24 Mar 13 Apr^
01 May 01 May
12 May 02 May@
08 Jun
01 Jul
01 Oct
28 May
01 Jul^
01 Oct
15 Sep
02 Oct
07 Oct
02 Nov
04 Oct*@
02 Oct
26 Oct
02 Nov
08 Dec
20 Dec
21 Dec
24 Dec
25 Dec
26 Dec
31 Dec
08 Dec
20 Dec*@
22 Dec@
24 Dec
25 Dec
31 Dec#@
BRUNEI
New Year's Day
First Day of Hijrah 1429*
Chinese New Year
25th National Day
Prophet Muhammad's Birthday*
Royal Brunei Armed Forces
Anniversary
His Majesty's Birthday
Israk Mikraj*
First Day of Ramadhan*
Anniversary of the Revelation
of the Holy Koran*
Hari Raya Aidifitri*
Hari Raya Aidifitri (2nd Day)*
Hari Raya Aidil Adha*
First Day of Hijrah 1431*
Christmas Day
2009
01 Jan
10 Jan
07 Feb
23 Feb
20 Mar
01 Jan
26 Jan
23 Feb
09 Mar
31 May
15 Jul
30 Jul
01 Sep
01 Jun
15 Jul
20 Jul
22 Aug
17 Sep
01 Oct
02 Oct
08 Dec
29 Dec
25 Dec
07 Sep
21 Sep
22 Sep
27 Nov
18 Dec
25 Dec
Notes : Fridays and Sundays are government off days

* Subject to change
INDIA
New Year's Day
Sankranthi
Republic Day
Ugadi
Good Friday
May Day
Independence Day
Gandhi Jayanthi
Karnataka Formation Day
Deepavali
Christmas Day
01 Jan
14 Jan
26 Jan
06 Apr
10 Apr
01 May
15 Aug
02 Oct
01 Nov
19 Oct
25 Dec
01 Jan
14 Jan
26 Jan
07 Apr
12 Apr
01 May
15 Aug
02 Oct
01 Nov
05 Nov
25 Dec
(Cont'd)
97
98
Public holidays
2008
INDONESIA
New Year's Day
01 Jan
Chinese New Year (Imlek)
07 Feb
Prophet Muhammad's Birthday 20 Mar
Hindu Day of Quiet (Nyepi)
07 Mar
Good Friday
21 Mar
Waicak Day
20 May
Ascension Day of Jesus Christ
01 May
Ascension of Prophet
Mohammad*
30 Jul
National Independence Day
17 Aug
Idul Fitri*
01 Oct

02 Oct
Idul Adha Day
08 Dec
Hijriyah New Year
29 Dec
Christmas Day
25 Dec
2009
01 Jan
26 Jan
09 Mar
26 Mar
10 Apr
09 May
21 May
20 Jul
17 Aug
21 Sep
22 Sep
27 Nov
18 Dec
25 Dec
MALAYSIA
New Year's Day**
Chinese New Year@

Prophet Muhammad's Birthday
Labour Day
Wesak Day
King/Agong's Birthday
National Day
Hari Raya Aidilfitri*

Deepavali*
Hari Raya Qurban*
Awal Muharam (Maal Hijrah)
Christmas Day
*
**
@
* Subject to change
JAPAN
New Year's Day
Coming-of-Age Day
National Foundation Day
Spring Equinox Day
Greenery Day
Constitution Memorial Day
National Holiday
Children's Day
Marine Day
Respect for Senior Citizens Day
Autumnal Equinox Day
Physical Fitness Day
Culture Day
Labour Thanksgiving Day
The Emperor's Day
01 Jan
14 Jan
11 Feb
20 Mar
29 Apr
03 May
04 May
05 May
21 Jul
15 Sep
23 Sep
13 Oct
03 Nov
23 Nov
23 Dec
* The following Monday will be a public holiday
01 Jan*
12 Jan
11 Feb
20 Mar
29 Apr
03 May
04 May
05 May
20 Jul
21 Sep
23 Sep
12 Oct
03 Nov
23 Nov
23 Dec
2008
2009
01 Jan
07 Feb
08 Feb
20 Mar
01 May
19 May
07 Jun
31 Aug
01 Oct
02 Oct
27 Oct
08 Dec
29 Dec
25 Dec
01 Jan
26 Jan
27 Jan
09 Mar
01 May
09 May
06 Jun
31 Aug
20 Sep
21 Sep
17 Oct
27 Nov
18 Dec
25 Dec
Subject to change
Except Johor, Kelantan, Kedah, Perlis and Terengganu
2nd Day except Kelantan and Terengganu
PAKISTAN
Ashoura*

Kashmir Day
Eid-e-Milad-un-Nabi*
Pakistan Day
Labour Day
Independence Day
Eid al-Fitr (End of Ramadan)*

Allama Muhammad lqbal Day
Eid ul-Azha
(Feast of the Sacrifice)*

Quaid-e-Azam's Birthday
19 Jan
20 Jan
05 Feb
21 Mar
23 Mar
01 May
14 Aug
02 Oct
to
05 Oct
09 Nov
07 Jan
08 Jan
05 Feb
09 Mar
23 Mar
01 May
14 Aug
20 Sep
to
22 Sep
09 Nov
10 Dec 27 Nov
-
28 Nov
25 Dec 25 Dec
* Subject to change
(Cont'd)
99
100
public holidays

PHILIPPINES
Regular Holidays
New Year's Day
Araw ng Kagitingan
Maundy Thursday
Good Friday
Labour Day
Independence Day
Ninoy Aquino Day
National Heroes' Day
End of Eid-ul-Fitre*
All Saint's Day
Bonifacio Day
Christmas Day
Rizal Day
Last Day of the Year
2008
01 Jan
09 Apr
20 Mar
21 Mar
01 May
12 Jun
21 Aug
31 Aug
30 Sep
01 Nov
30 Nov
25 Dec
30 Dec
31 Dec
01 Jan
09 Apr
09 Apr
10 Apr
01 May
12 Jun
21 Aug
31 Aug
21 Sep
01 Nov
30 Nov
25 Dec
30 Dec
31 Dec
In the event the holiday falls on Wednesday, the holiday will be observed on the
Monday of the week. If the hoilday falls on a Sunday, the holiday will be observed
on the Monday that follows. Provided, that for movable holidays, the President
shall issue a proclamation, at least six months prior to the holiday concerned,
the specific date shall be declared as a non-working day (RA9492)
* Subject to change
SOUTH KOREA
New Year's Day
Lunar New Year (Seol)

Independent Movement Day
Buddha's Birthday
Children's Day
Memorial Day
Liberation Day
National Foundation Day
Full Moon Day (Chuseok)

Christmas Day
01 Jan
06 Feb
07 Feb
08 Feb
01 Mar
12 May
05 May
06 Jun
15 Aug
03 Oct
13 Oct
14 Oct
15 Oct
25 Dec
2008
2009
01 Jan
26 Jan
27 Jan
01 Mar
02 May
05 May
06 Jun
15 Aug
03 Oct
02 Oct
03 Oct
25 Dec
SINGAPORE
New Year's Day
Chinese New Year

Good Friday
Labour Day
Vesak Day
National Day
Hari Raya Puasa
Deepavali
Hari Raya Haji
Christmas Day
#
01 Jan
06 Feb
to
09 Feb
11 Feb
-
-
30 Apr
01 May
02 Sep
-
01 Jan
25 Jan
to
28 Jan
29 Jan*
04 Apr
06 Apr@
30 Apr
01 May
02 Sep
25 Dec
Substitute for 25th January 2009 (Sunday)

Substitute for 4th April 2009 (Saturday)
101
01 Jan
26 Jan
27 Jan
10 Apr
01 May
09 May
09 Aug#
20 Sep@
17 Oct
27 Nov
25 Dec
The following Monday 10th Aug. 2009 will be a public holiday.

The following Monday 21st Sep. 2009 will be a public holiday.
VIETNAM
Normal Scheduled Holidays
Solar New Year
Lunar New Year

Hung Vuong King Celebration

Liberation Day of Saigon
International Labour Day
National Day
Christmas Day
*
01 Jan
07 Feb
08 Feb
21 Mar
01 May
19 May
09 Aug
01 Oct
28 Oct
08 Dec
25 Dec
2009
(Cont'd)
102
public holidays
2008
TAIWAN
Founding Day of the
Republic of China
Lunar New Year's Eve
Lunar New Year

Peace Memory Day
Revolutionary Martyrs Day
Women Day and Children's Day
Tomb-Sweeping Day
Labour Day
Dragon Boat Festival
Confucius Birthday
Mid-Autumn Festival
National Day
Taiwan's Restoration Day
President Chiang Kai-shek's
Birthday
Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Birthday
Constitution Day
2008
2009
01 Jan
06 Feb
07 Feb
08 Feb
09 Feb
28 Feb
29 Mar
04 Apr
05 Apr
01 May
08 Jun
28 Sep
14 Sep
10 Oct
25 Oct
01 Jan
25 Jan*
26 Jan
27 Jan
28 Jan
28 Feb
29 Mar
04 Apr
04 Apr
01 May
28 May
28 Sep
03 Oct
10 Oct
25 Oct
31 Oct
12 Nov
25 Dec
31 Oct
12 Nov
25 Dec
The following Thursday 29 January 2009 will be replacement

public holiday.
THAILAND
New Year's Day
Chinese New Year*
Makha Bucha Day
Chakri Memorial Day
Songkran Festival

National Labour Day
Coronation Day
Visakha Bucha Day
Royal Ploughing Ceremony Day@
Mid Year Bank Holiday@
Asarnha Bucha Day
Khao Phansa Day (Buddhist Lent)+
H.M. The Queen's Birthday
Chulalongkorn Day
H.M. The King's Birthday
Constitution Day
New Year's Eve

+
^
@
01 Jan
07 Feb
21 Feb
07 Apr
13 Apr
14 Apr
15 Apr
01 May
05 May
19 May
09 May
01 Jul
17 Jul
18 Jul
12 Aug
23 Oct
05 Dec
10 Dec
31 Dec
01 Jan
26 Jan
09 Feb
06 Apr
13 Apr
14 Apr
15 Apr
01 May
05 May
08 May
11 May
01 Jul
07 Jul
08 Jul
12 Aug
23 Oct
07 Dec^
10 Dec
31 Dec
Unofficial Chinese Community only

Banks only
Government only
Substitute for 05 December 2009 (Saturday)
103
2009
(Cont'd)
104
Davis Langdon & Seah Professional

services
Project Types :
New-build
Maintenance and alteration
Infrastructure and civil engineering
M&E building services
Fitting-out
Normal Services :
Feasibility studies
Preliminary cost advice and planning
Analysis of cost/design options
Advice on best-fit procurement and contractual
rangements
Cash flow projections
Advice on contractors' claims
Special Services :
Value engineering
Lender's agent
Reinstatement assessments for fire insurance
Asset registers and depreciation calculations
Due diligence studies
Legal support
Expert witness
Project management
Life cycle costing
ar-
Contractor pre-qualification
Preparation of tender documents
Negotiation with contractors
Contract documents
Visiting site and valuation of works in progress
Assessing the cost of proposed variations
Attending site and other meetings
Preparation of financial statements
Settlement of final cost with contractors and subcontractors
(Cont'd)
105
106

services
DLS Infrastructure Team

Rail viaduct construction.
The core service sectors served by this unit are rail, road
and airports.
Marine land reclamation.
Service requirements range from mega-projects such

as new airports and rail networks, to providing specific
contract dispute resolution advice.
Airport systems and ground field services.
DLS Infrastructure Team is a distinct unit within Davis

Langdon and Seah International, which specializes in
providing cost and procurement management services to
the transport and infrastructure sectors of the construction
industry.
The team typically works as part of multi-disciplinary

design teams in dedicated project offices.
The core services provided by the Infrastructure Team
include: Initial Feasibility Studies
Providing initial project cost advice to major infrastructure
projects, quantified estimates of civil, structural,
architectural and building services.
Detailed Design Pre and Post Contract Services
Preparing Schematic Design Estimates and Detailed
Design Estimates, estimates on alternatives, tender
documentation, pre-tender estimates and post contract
financial control and reporting.
Noise mitigation.
Diaphragm walling and other specialist
foundation and ground treatment works.
Specialist rail M&E and systems services,
including tunnel ventilation, power and control.
Ports.
Value Engineering Studies

Project-related and product-related research studies into
cost, value and time benefits of various design options.
The infrastructure team has developed its own discrete
historical database which is available to supplement
real-time cost analysis.
Contractual Solutions
Independent advice and contractual solutions relating to
all aspects of the infrastructure market.
Specialist Construction Technique Advice

The team is experienced in working closely with civil
and structural engineers to advise on costs for specialist
construction techniques such as: -
Tunneling in rock and soft ground conditions.

Underground stations
(Cont'd)
107
108
Professional services

services
DLS Interior Fitting Out Team
The DLS Interior Fitting-Out Team is a dedicated unit
within Davis Langdon and Seah International which
specializes in providing both Quantity Surveying and
Project Management Services for interior fitting-out
projects.
The team has developed a particular expertise in banking
sector fit-outs, but also works extensively on office, retail,
hotel and clubhouse projects.
Quantity Surveying Services
As a supplement to our traditional Quantity Surveying
Services, the team has the expertise to provide up-to-date
knowledge and information on fitting-out projects and
can advise tenants, occupiers, building owners, project
managers and interior designers on:
Providing a cost effective and independent service, the

team manages client input, integrates and co-ordinates
the different disciplines and handles external expertise
and resources to achieve the project objectives.
The team has in place proven systems and management
procedures including detailed project programming skills,
construction documentation, cost planning, critical path
analysis to ensure:
Project objectives are achieved by completing on time,

within the approved cost and to the required quality
standards.
Communications with end-users, client representatives,

stakeholders, other consultants and contractors are
maintained throughout the duration of the project.
Elemental cost of fitting-out works

Cost analysis of functional areas
Comparative cost advice on alternative materials,
systems and methods
Key fitting-out cost drivers and design issues
Programme/build-out rates
Procurement methods
Contractor/trade contractor database
Project Management Services

The team has the experience and expertise to provide
all aspects of project management services to fitting-out
projects including due diligence, feasibility studies, value
engineering, budget development, end-user co-ordination, design co-ordination, programming, procurement
management, construction and site management, move
management etc.
109
110

services
DLS Project Monitoring Team
Project Monitoring is a distinct extension from our core
business in cost management services. Our specialized
Project Monitoring Team is a selection of proactive and
versatile quantity surveying and project management
professionals who are fully acquainted with the intricacies
of the development, design and construction process
and understand the key value drivers behind. The very
purpose of this dedicated unit is to protect the Clients
interest by identifying and advising on the risks associated
with acquiring an interest in a development that is not
under the Clients direct control.
The team has the experience and expertise to act as an
investigator and advisor to Clients such as:-
funding institutions, which will acquire the scheme as

an investment upon completion; or
tenants or purchasers which enter into a commitment
to lease or purchase a property upon completion; or
banks or other financiers where a loan matures at the
end of the development period;
grant funders; or
private finance initiative funders and end users
With the Project Monitor as their eyes and ears during

the development process, the Clients would have:
enhanced risk management;
enhanced financial management;
enhanced programme management; and
enhanced quality management.
Initial Due Diligence

This consists of a comprehensive audit and examination
of the scheme, generally carried out prior to the
commencement of the construction on site.
Aspects of the scheme the Project Monitor will look at
and appraise include:-
Project Monitoring services can broadly be broken down

into two stages:-
Stage 1: Initial Due Diligence

Stage 2: Monitoring
Development appraisal
Development cash flow
Construction cash flow
Design information - drawings, specifications,
performance information
Construction information quality - scope and breadth
of information
Proposed project team - competency, track record,
reputation, suitability
Project team appointments - scope of service, fee
levels, etc
Construction cost appraisal
Programme - development and construction
programme
Procurement route both development level and site
level
Technical reports and investigations
Insurance provisions - construction, design, site
insurances, etc
Statutory approvals and requirements
Statutory authority services issues
Legal issues - warranties, step in provision into
contracts
Construction contract provision - suitability, scope,
status
Health and safety strategy and administrative
compliance
Information provided
(Cont'd)
111
112

services
DLS Project Monitoring Team
Initial Due Diligence (Cont'd)
The report to be produced at this initial due diligence
stage will provide a complete picture of the development
on its cost, time, quality and project team. The Project
Monitor will then be able to advise the Client on the risks
associated with the development and fully appreciate
the consequences of variations or changes, as they
arise.
Monitoring
As this second stage of the project monitoring remit,
a more cyclical approach is taken to the now active
scheme.
Generally monthly or at other agreed intervals, the
Project Monitor will visit the site and meet relevant
project team members to gather the pertinent
information for that period, which may include :-
Contractors report
Project Manager/Architects report
Progress against programme
Financial positions against budgeted
Any variations or additional items instructed/
anticipated
Progress photographs
Progression of any issues outstanding in the
initial due diligence report, or the previous months
monitoring report
Building regulation status

Health and safety issues General labour levels and
productivity to gauge progress against cash flow
and programme
Prevailing condition and organization of the site
Generally, the purpose of the monitoring report (or
interim report) is to give the Client a view as to the
progress and status of the scheme each period, along
with an assessment of the construction cash flow,
expenditure and cost to complete for the project.
No two Clients will require exactly the same Project
Monitoring services coverage. DLS will fully discuss
and explore with each Client in the light of the Clients
purpose and the particulars of the development to
understand the key concerns and requirement and
agree upon a bespoke scope of services best fit for
the purpose.
The monitoring report should further consider items of

concern about cost and programme, such as:-
113
Insurances in place and up to date

Warranty status for any designing parties
Planning condition discharge status
114
CHINA MAP
115
- DLS Hong Kong & China Office Locations
116
INTERNATIONAL Directory of OFFICES

ASIA PACIFIC
CHINA
HONG KONG
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH HONG KONG LIMITED
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH CHINA LIMITED
DLS MANAGEMENT LIMITED
2101 Leighton Centre
77 Leighton Road
Hong Kong
Tel
: (852) 2830 3500 / 2576 3231
Fax
: (852) 2576 0416
Email : dlshk@dlshk.com
Website : www.dlsqs.com
Contact : Lee Ying Kee, Joseph
CHONGQING
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH CHINA LIMITED
CHONGQING REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE
Room 3408, International Trade Centre
No. 38 Qing Nian Road
Central District
Chongqing 400 010
China
Tel
: (86 23) 8655 1333
Fax
: (86 23) 8655 1616
Email : dlscq@dlscq.com
Contact : Ng Hin Kan, Kenn / Lin Wai Yip, Gary
BEIJING
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH (BEIJING) CONSTRUCTION
CONSULTANTS CO. LTD.
Suite 1225 - 1238
Junefield Plaza, Central Tower South
No. 10 Xuan Wu Men Wai Street
Beijing 100 052
China
Tel
: (86 10) 6310 1136
Fax
: (86 10) 6310 1143
Email : dlsbj@dlsbj.com
Contact : Chan C.K. Andrew
FOSHAN
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHENZHEN)
CO. LTD. FOSHAN BRANCH
Unit 1803 Room 2
18/F Hua Hui Mansion
46 Zu Miao Road
Foshan 528 000
China
Tel
: (86 757) 8203 0028
Fax
: (86 757) 8203 0029
Email : dlsgz@dlsgz.com
Contact : Wong W.C. Jack
CHENGDU
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (CHENGDU)
CO. LTD.
Room 807, Block A
Times Plaza
No. 2 Zongfu Road
Chengdu 610 016
China
Tel
: (86 28) 8671 8373
Fax
: (86 28) 8671 8535
Email : dlscd@dlscd.com
GUANGZHOU
CO. LTD. GUANGZHOU BRANCH
Unit 2711 - 2713 & 2718
Bank of America Plaza
No. 555 Ren Min Zhong Road
Guangzhou 510 145
China
Tel
: (86 20) 8130 3813
Fax
: (86 20) 8130 3812
Email : dlsgz@dlsgz.com
Contact : Wong W.C. Jack
Contact : Ng Hin Kan, Kenn / Lee Seung Kei, Franklin
(Cont'd)
117
118

ASIA PACIFIC (Continued)
CHINA
MACAU
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH MACAU LIMITED
14 Andar B
Edifacio Commercial Rodrigues
No. 599 Avenida da Praia Grande
Macau
Tel
: (853) 2833 1710
Fax
: (853) 2833 1532
Email : dlsmacau@dlsmacau.com
Contact : Chan Yuk Sim, Katherine
SHANGHAI
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHANGHAI)
CO. LTD.
Room 1582, Tower B
City Centre of Shanghai
No. 100 Zun Yi Road
Shanghai 200 051
China
Tel
: (86 21) 6091 2800
Fax
: (86 21) 6091 2999
Email : dlssh@dlssh.com
Contact : Lai Pak Hung
SHENYANG
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH (BEIJING) CONSTRUCTION
CONSULTANTS CO. LTD. SHENYANG BRANCH
Room 8-9
11/F E Tower of Fortune Plaza
No. 59 Beizhan Road
Shenhe District
Shenyang 110 013
China
Tel
: (86 24) 3128 6678
Fax
: (86 24) 3128 6983
Email : dlssy@dlssy.com
Contact : Chow Hau Ming, Simon
SHENZHEN
CO. LTD.
Room E & F
42/F World Finance Centre, Block A
4003 East Shennan Road
Shenzhen 518 001
China
Tel
: (86 755) 8269 0642
Fax
: (86 755) 8269 0641
Email : dlssz@dlssz.com
Contact : Lee Kwok Wing, Dickey
TIANJIN
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY CO. LTD.
TIANJIN BRANCH
Suite 1-1-2103, Tianjin Harbour Centre
No. 240 Zhang Zizhong Road
Heping District
Tianjin 300 041
China
Tel
: (86 22) 8331 1618
Fax
: (86 22) 2319 3186
Email : dlstj@dlstj.com
Contact : Wong Chin Ying
WUHAN
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHANGHAI)
CO. LTD. WUHAN BRANCH
Room B, 5th Floor, 2-1 Building
Wuhan Tiandi
No. 68 Lu Gou Qiao Road
Wuhan 430 010
China
Tel
: (86 27) 5920 9299
Fax
: (86 27) 5920 9298
Email : dlswh@dlswh.com
Contact : Lam Yuk Ching, Martin
(Cont'd)
119
120

BRUNEI
BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN

DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH
JURU UKUR BAHAN UTAMA - DLS
25, BT Complex
Kg. Jaya Setia
Mukim Berakas 'A' BB2713
Bandar Seri Begawan BS8670
Negara Brunei Darussalam
Tel
: (673) 233 2833
Fax
: (673) 233 2933
Email : dlsbsb@dls.com.bn
Contact : Shafie Yusof / Justin Teoh
KUALA BELAIT
PETROKON UTAMA SDN BHD
3rd Floor, Hong Kong Bank Chambers
Jalan McKerron
P.O. Box 811
Kuala Belait KA1131
Negara Brunei Darussalam
Tel
: (673 3) 335 718
Fax
: (673 3) 335 717
Email : pusbkb@pusbbrunei.com
Contact : Shafie Yusof
INDIA
BANGALORE
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTING INDIA
PVT LTD
3rd Floor, Raheja Chancery Building
No. 133 Brigade Road
Bangalore 560 025
India
Tel
: (91 80) 4123 9141
Fax
: (91 80) 4123 8922
Email : dlsindia@dls.co.in
Contact : Jim Pollock / Lorimer Doig
CHENNAI
PVT LTD
New No. 125 (Old No. 63)
Jammi Building, 1st Floor
Royapettah High Road
Mylapore
Chennai 600 004
India
Tel
: (91 44) 2498 8141
Fax
: (91 44) 2498 8137
Contact : Jim Pollock / Lorimer Doig /
Sankar Ramakrishnan
DELHI
PVT LTD
Unit No. 465, 2nd Floor
Udyog Vihar, Phase-V
Haryana 122 016
India
Tel
: (91 12) 4430 8790
Fax
: (91 12) 4430 8793
Contact : Jim Pollock / Lorimer Doig / Arun Basu
HYDERABAD
PVT LTD
2nd Floor, Trade Fair Office
Hitex Exhibition Center
Izzatnagar
Hyderabad 500 034
India
Tel
: (91 40) 2311 4942
Fax
: (91 40) 2311 2942
Contact : Jim Pollock / Lorimer Doig /
Ramamurthi Karthikeyan
(Cont'd)
121
122

MUMBAI
PVT LTD
No. 1204, 1205 & 1206
12th Floor, Marithili's Signet
Flat No. 39/4, Sector 30-A Vashi
Navi Mumbai 400 703
India
Tel
: (91 22) 2781 5546
Fax
: (91 22) 2781 5548
Contact : Jim Pollock / Lorimer Doig / Neil Stubbs
INDONESIA
JAKARTA
P.T. DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH INDONESIA
Level 18
Ratu Plaza Office Tower
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 9
Jakarta 10270
Indonesia
Tel
: (62 21) 739 7550
Fax
: (62 21) 739 7846
Email : dlsjkt@dls.co.id
Contact : Peter Robinson / Jim Pollock
BALI
Kuta Poleng Block B/3A
Jalan Setiabudi
Kuta, Badung
Bali 80361
Indonesia
Tel
: (62 361) 766 260
Fax
: (62 361) 750 312
Email : dlsbali@dls.co.id
Contact : Ir. Putu Arya Canti
SURABAYA
Room 601-A
Bumi Mandiri Building
Jalan Basuki Rahmand 129-137
Surabaya 60271
Indonesia
Tel
: (62 31) 546 5857
Fax
: (62 31) 531 6579
Email : dlssby@dls.co.id
Contact : Jim Pollock / Ely Nursanti
JAPAN
TOKYO
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH JAPAN LIMITED
5F, Akasaka Kowa Building
2-8-16 Akasaka Minato-ku
Tokyo 107 0052
Japan
Tel
: (81 3) 6459 1277
Fax
: (81 3) 6459 1278
Email : tokyo@dlsjapan.com
Contact : Seiichi Hayashida
KAZAKHSTAN
ALMATY
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH KAZAKHSTAN LLC
Trade Center "Koktem"
170 Valikhanova
Almaty 050 059
Republic of Kazakhstan
Tel
: (7 727) 264 1952
Fax
: (7 727) 264 6675
Email : dlskz@dlskz.com
Contact : Jaden S. Jeon
(Cont'd)
123
124

KOREA
SEOUL
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH KOREA CO LTD
#429 G-Five Central Plaza
1685-8 Seocho 4-dong
Seocho-gu
Seoul 137 882
Korea
Tel
: (82 2) 543 3888
Fax
: (82 2) 543 3898
Email : dlsk@dlskorea.com
Contact : Lee Moon-Su, Max / Goh Chok Sin
MALAYSIA
SELANGOR
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH (MALAYSIA) SDN BHD
JURU UKUR BAHAN MALAYSIA
JUBM SDN BHD
DLS MANAGEMENT (M) SDN BHD
2, Jalan PJU 5/15, Kota Damansara
47810 Petaling Jaya
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Tel
: (60 3) 6156 9000
Fax
: (60 3) 6157 8660
Email : info@dlsjubm.com.my
Contact : Loo Ming Chee / Ong See Lian /
Mohd Ali Abd Karim / Justin Teoh /
Mohd Faiz Awang / Nur Aziz Bin Abu Bakar
JOHOR
JUBM SDN BHD
49-01 Jalan Tun Abdul Razak
Susur 1/1 Medan Cahaya
80000 Johor Bahru
Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia
Tel
: (60 7) 223 6229
Fax
: (60 7) 223 5975
Email : jubmjb@dlsjubm.com.my
Contact : Syed Mahadzir Syed Ahmad / Mohd Faiz Awang
125
PENANG
JUBM SDN BHD
Suite 3A-3, Level 3A
Wisma Great Eastern
No. 25, Lebuh Light
10200 Penang
Malaysia
Tel
: (60 4) 264 2071/ 264 2072 / 264 2073
Fax
: (60 4) 264 2068
Email : penangoffice@dlsjubm.com.my
Contact : Yap King Keong / Nur Aziz Abu Bakar
SABAH
JUBM SDN BHD
Suite 8A, 8th Floor, Wisma Pendidikan
Jalan Padang, P.O. Box 11598
88817 Kota Kinabalu
Sabah
Malaysia
Tel
: (60 88) 223 369
Fax
: (60 88) 216 537
Email : jubmkk@dlsjubm.com.my
Contact : Ang Kun Eng
SARAWAK
JUBM SDN BHD
No. 2 (3rd Floor)
Jalan Song Thian Cheok
93100 Kuching
Sarawak
Malaysia
Tel
: (60 82) 232 212
Fax
: (60 82) 232 198
Email : kuching@dlsjubm.com.my
Contact : Nor Azman Bin Baharum
(Cont'd)
126

PAKISTAN
THAILAND
KARACHI
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH PAKISTAN (PRIVATE)
LIMITED
29C, Sunset Commercial Street No. 1
Phase IV, P.D.O.H. Authority
Karachi 75500
Pakistan
Tel
: (92 21) 531 3159
Fax
: (92 21) 531 3187
Email : info@dls.com.pk
Contact : Junaid Hamid / Justin Teoh
BANGKOK
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH (THAILAND) LTD
LECE (THAILAND) CO LTD
10th Floor, Kian Gwan 2 Building
140/1 Wireless Road
Lumpinee, Patumwan
Bangkok 10330
Thailand
Tel
: (66 2) 253 7390
Fax
: (66 2) 253 4977
Email : general@dls.co.th
Contact : Leong Choong Peng
PHILIPPINES
MANILA
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH PHILIPPINES INC
4th Floor, Kings Court 1
2129 Pasong Tamo
Makati City 1231
Philippines
Tel
: (63 2) 811 2971
Fax
: (63 2) 811 2071
Email : manila@dls.com.ph
Contact : Alan Hearn
VIETNAM
SINGAPORE
HO CHI MINH CITY

DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO LTD
9th Level, Unit E
OSIC Building
08 Nguyen Hue, District 1
Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam
Tel
: (848) 3823 8297
Fax
: (848) 3823 8197
Email : dlsvietnam@dls.com.sg
Contact : Jim Pollock / David Lockwood
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH SINGAPORE PTE LTD

DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH PROJECT
MANAGEMENT PTE LTD
DLS CONTRACT ADVISORY & DISPUTE
MANAGEMENT SERVICES
1 Magazine Road
#05-01 Central Mall
Singapore 059567
Tel
: (65) 6222 3888
Fax
: (65) 6224 7089
Email : dlssp3@dls.com.sg
Contact : Jim Pollock / Goh Chok Sin / Eugene Seah
HANOI
DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO LTD
#706 7th Floor, North Star Building
4 Da Tuong Street
Hoan Kiem District
Hanoi
Vietnam
Tel
: (844) 3942 7525
Fax
: (844) 3942 7526
Email : dlsvietnam@dls.com.sg
Contact : Mark Olive
(Cont'd)
127
128

AUSTRALASIA
EUROPE
AUSTRALIA
UNITED KINGDOM
MELBOURNE
DAVIS LANGDON
Level 20
350 Queen Street
Melbourne Victoria 3000
Australia
Tel
: (61 3) 9933 8800
Fax
: (61 3) 9933 8801
Email : melb@davislangdon.com.au
Contact : Bob Hunt
LONDON
DAVIS LANGDON
DAVIS LANGDON CROSHER & JAMES
DAVIS LANGDON LLP
DAVIS LANGDON MACKENZIE
DAVIS LANGDON MOTT GREEN WALL
DAVIS LANGDON SCHUMANN SMITH
MidCity Place
71 High Holborn
London WC1V 6QS
United Kingdom
Tel
: (44 20) 7061 7000
Fax
: (44 20) 7061 7061
Email : rob.smith@davislangdon.com
Website : www.davislangdon.com
Contact : Rob Smith
Also at : Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Canberra,

Darwin, Hobart, Perth, Sunshine Coast,
Sydney and Townsville
NEW ZEALAND
AUCKLAND
DAVIS LANGDON NEW ZEALAND LTD
Level 10, Citibank Centre
23 Customs Street East
P.O. Box 935
Auckland
New Zealand
Tel
: (64 9) 379 9903
Fax
: (64 9) 309 9814
Email : akld@davislangdon.co.nz
Contact : Chris Sutherland
Also at : Christchurch and Wellington
Also at :

Birmingham, Bristol, Cambridge, Cardiff

Edinburgh, Glasgow, Heathrow, Leeds,
Liverpool, Maidstone, Manchester, Milton
Keynes, Norwich, Oxford, Peterborough,
Plymouth and Southampton
IRELAND
DUBLIN
DAVIS LANGDON PKS
24 Lower Hatch Street
Dublin 2
Ireland
Tel
: (353 1) 676 3671
Fax
: (353 1) 676 3672
Email : dlpks@dlpks.ie
Website : www.dlpks.ie
Contact : Norman Craig
Also at : Cork, Galway and Limerick
(Cont'd)
129
130

EUROPE (Continued)
MIDDLE EAST
SPAIN
LEBANON
BARCELONA
DAVIS LANGDON EDETCO
C/Muntaner, 479, 1-2
Barcelona 08021
Spain
Tel
: (34 93) 418 6899
Fax
: (34 93) 211 0003
Email : barcelona@edetco.com
Contact : Francesc Monells
BEIRUT
DAVIS LANGDON
1st Floor, Chatilla Building
Australia Street
Rawche, Shouran
P O Box 13-5422 - Shouran
Beirut
Lebanon
Tel
: (96 11) 780 111
Fax
: (96 11) 809 045
Email : dll.mi@cyberia.net.lb
Contact : Muhyiddin Itani
RUSSIA
MOSCOW
RUPERTI PROJECT SERVICES INTERNATIONAL
6A/1, 8th March Street
Moscow 127083
Russia
Tel
: (7 495) 983 0850
Fax
: (7 495) 983 0851
Email : info@RPSi.ru
Contact : Tim Ruperti
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE)

DUBAI
DAVIS LANGDON
Level 7
Building C/P54
Dubai Healthcare City
P.O. Box 7856
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Tel
: (971 4) 324 3690
Fax
: (971 4) 324 3691
Email : dubaioffice@davislangdon.com
Contact : Neil Taylor
ABU DHABI
DAVIS LANGDON
Villa 213/3
25th Street, Mushrif
P.O. Box 113971
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Tel
: (971 2) 444 2040
Fax
: (971 2) 444 2039
Email : N/A
Contact : Steven Coates
(Cont'd)
131
132

MIDDLE EAST (Continued)
NORTH AMERICA
BAHRAIN
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
MANAMA
DAVIS LANGDON
Al Saffar House
Unit 22B, Bldg No. 1042
Block 436, Road 3621
Al Seef District
P.O. Box 640, Manama
Kingdom of Bahrain
Tel
: (973) 1758 8796
Fax
: (973) 1758 1288
Email : bahrainoffice@davislangdon.com
Contact : Stephen Gee
LOS ANGELES
DAVIS LANGDON
301 Arizona Avenue
Suite 301
Santa Monica
CA 90401, USA
Tel
: (1 310) 393 9411
Fax
: (1 310) 393 7493
Email
: nbutcher@davislangdon.us
Contact : Nicholas Butcher
QATAR
DOHA
DAVIS LANGDON
Salwa Commercial Complex Bldg.
1st Floor, Behind Al Seal Bldg.
Salwa Road
P.O. Box 3206
Doha
State of Qatar
Tel
: (974) 458 0150
Fax
: (974) 469 7905
Email : dohaoffice@davislangdon.com
Contact : Steven Humphrey
Also at : Boston, Honolulu, New York, Philadelphia,

San Francisco, Sacramento and Seattle
AFRICA
SOUTH AFRICA
JOHANNESBURG (PARKTOWN)
DAVIS LANGDON
DAVIS LANGDON CROSHER & JAMES (PTY) LTD
DAVIS LANGDON SCHUMANN SMITH
DAVIS LANGDON BUILDING SERVICES
3rd Floor, MPF House
32 Princess of Wales Terrace
Sunnyside Office Park
Parktown 2193
Johannesburg, South Africa
Tel
: (27 11) 544 1800
Fax
: (27 11) 642 2289
Email
: corp@davislangdon.co.za
Contact : Indresen Pillay
Also at : Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, George,
Klerksdorp, Pietermaritzburg, Port Elizabeth,
Port Shepstone, Pretoria, Richards Bay,
Stellenbosch, Vanderbijlpark, Botswana,
Gaborne, Mozambique and Maputo.
(Cont'd)
133
134

ASSOCIATED OFFICES
UGANDA
KAMPALA
YMR DIRECTORSHIP
12 Wempewo Avenue
Kololo
P.O. Box 7742
Kampala
Uganda
Tel
: (256 41) 259 676
Fax
: (256 41) 235 083
Email
: ymrug@starcom.co.ug
KENYA
NAIROBI
YMR DIRECTORSHIP
Dale House
Rapta Road
Westlands
P.O. Box 69641 - 00400
Nairobi
Kenya
Tel
: (254 2) 444 5380 / 1
Fax
: (254 2) 444 2261
Email
: nairobi@ymr.co.ke
MOMBASA
YMR DIRECTORSHIP
Ralli House
Nyerere Avenue
P.O. Box 80057
Mombasa
Kenya
Tel
: (254 11) 220 856
Fax
: (254 11) 220 856
Email
: mombasa@ymr.co.ke
telephone directory
Hong Kong Government
Architectural Services Department
Headquarters Administration Division

Architectural Branch
Advisory & Statutory Compliance
Division
Architectural Drawing Records Unit
Division 1
Division 2
Division 4
Site Staff (New Works)
Subvented Projects Division
Technical Officer (Architectural)
Grade Management Unit
Building Services Branch
Division 1
Division 2
Division 3
Division 4
Property Services Branch
Quantity Surveying Branch
Structural Engineering Branch
Buildings Department
Census and Statistics Department
Civil Engineering and Development
Department
Customs and Excise Department
Drainage Services Department
Electrical and Mechanical Services
Department
Environmental Protection Department
Fire Services Department
Government Laboratory
Government Property Agency
Highways Department
Housing Department
Labour Department
Lands Department
Planning Department
Rating and Valuation Department
Water Supplies Department
2867 3628
2867 3759
2867 3691
2867 3935
2867 3814
2867 3900
2867 3992
2867 4145/2867 4130
2867 3691
2867 3538
2867 3493
2867 4075/2867 3629
2867 3710
2773 2333
2867 4156/2867 4192
2867 3791
2626 1616
2582 4807
2762 5111
2815 7711/2852 1411
2594 7012
1823
2594 6308
2311 0066
2762 3700
2594 7604
2926 4111
2712 2712
2717 1771
2231 3294
2231 5000
2152 0111
2824 5000
Refer to http://tel.directory.gov.hk for further information.
135
136

China Hong Kong Construction Cost Handbook 2009

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China Hong Kong Construction Cost Handbook 2009

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Handbook 2005

The following handbook of information relating to the

For private circulation to staff

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

Published by Davis Langdon & Seah Hong Kong Limited

ISO 9001 : 2000

1. CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

2. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA

DAVIS LANGDON & SEAH

CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2008 levels.

CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR HONG KONG

CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR HONG KONG

The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2008 levels.

M&E SERVICES COSTS FOR HONG KONG

M&E Services costs for HONG KONG

1. CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

ACmV costs for Various Designs

1. CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

ConstRuction cost specificAtion

1. CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

Fit-out costs for HONG KONG

Public Areas (Front of House) :

1. Includes furniture, floor, wall and

1. Includes electrical work, additional

Excludes facade modification, data

General dining restaurant

Includes furniture, floor, wall and ceiling

1. Local/Taiwanese/PRC furniture allowed

1. CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

Unit costs for ancillary Facilities

Single court with glass backwall

Single court on grade with

per court 700,000

Single court on grade with

per court 800,000

Extra for lighting.

per court 300,000

Steam bath for 4-6 people

(Based on average cost of an

Excluding associated buildings

Sauna room for 4-6 people

Golf simulation system

Rates are exclusive of contingencies.

For latest cost information, please refer to our Quarterly Construction

The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2008 levels, inclusive of

CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES

CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED

For latest cost information, please refer to our Quarterly Construction

Rates are exclusive of contingencies and include 12% VAT.

Rates are nett of VAT and contingencies.

IDR11,000 VND16,915 KRW1,400

MANILA + + JAKARTA ^ HO CHI MINH # SEOUL$

The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2008 levels, inclusive of

CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES (CONTINUED)

CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED

Generally without A/C.

Rates are nett of GST.

620 - 830 N/A

M&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES

M&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES

25 1,000 - 1,100 1,600 - 2,900 240 - 650

1,300 - 1,500 1,800 - 3,600