Case 2 Quiz

Question
1 Name 2 Lower UTIs
2 Name 3 Symptoms of a UTI

3 Which groups of people are more likley to get a UTI?

4 How can you distinguish between Acute urethral syndrome

5 Name some risk factors for UTIS

How can constipation cause UTIs or increase the risk of getting

a UTI
What organism is the majority of UTIs caused be? - BONUS 7
what percentage caused by this organism
6

Name three ways in which E coli can respons to environmental

signals

9 Name 3 Virulence factors of Ecoli

What does proteus mirabilis produce that distinguishes it from

E-coli?
11 What group of people does proteus affect?
10

12 Why is this the case?

Name 2 ways in which proteus is good at avoiding host
defence
14 Name 3 Virulence factors of Proteus
13

15

Which is the second most common pathogen associated with

UTIs? - BONUS - what percentage is caused by this organism?

16 What makes Staph. S different from E coli and Proteus?

17 What makes it similar to proteus?
18 Name four ways in which a patient can prevent UTIs

19 How does cranberry juice help to prevent UTIs?

20 Name three factors suggestive on a complicated UTI

21

Name the first line treatment for uncomplicated UTI with more
than 3 symptoms

22 When would you not be given antibiotics for a UTI

23

If there are 2 symptoms what would you do if the dipstick

came back with negative nitrate but positive leucocyte?

se 2 Quiz
Answer
Acute urethral synfrome
Cystitis
Dysuria
Urgency
Frequency (increase)
Polyuria
Haematuria
Suprapubic tenderness
Women
Women and men over 65 years old
Women and men with catheters
Cystitis will have all three of Leucotyes, Erythrocyte
and Bacteria whereas Acute urethral sydrome will
only have Leucoytes present in the urine
Pregnancy
Urinary retention i.e due to tumours, divericular
Catherterisation
Increases liklihood for urinary retention
E-coli - 70%
It can sense the presence or absence of chemicals
and gases in its environment and swin towards or
away from them
It can grow fimbriae that will specifically attach it to a
cell or surface receptor.
It can vary pore diameter of its outer membrane to
accommodate nutrients or to exclude inhibitory
substrances
Survey the chemical contents in its environment in
advance of synthesising any enzymes that
metabolise these compounds
Invasins
Flagella for motility
Adhesins
Defense against immune responses
Genetic attributes
Urease
People with catheters

Normally the urinary tract can wash out the microbe

before it accumulates, but the catheter prevents this
from happening.
Fimbrae, IgA-degrading protease and production of
ammonia
Urease
Pore forming hemolysin
Flagella for motility
Swarming motility
Staph. Saprophyticus - 10-20%
Gram positive
Also produces urease
Cranberry Juice - helps to prevent
Treating constipation promptly
Drinking plenty of water
Going to the toliet when feeling the need to urinate
Practicing good hygiene- washing every day
Emptying bladder after sex
Contains compounds with anti adherance properties,
can therefore prevent the adherance of Ecoli to
uroepithelial cells in the urinary tract
Male, Elderly, Childhood UTI, Emergency presentation,
Pregnancy
Symptoms for more than seven days
Catherterisation
Immunosuppression
Hospital aquired infection
Diabetes
Trimethoprim
If you have less than 3 of the symtpms and negative
dipstick for nitrates and leucocytes
Redo test in the morning and treat if the two
symptoms are severe, or consider delayed
prescription