SPM Paper 2 Section C Essay Questions

Question 12 (Construct concept)

Module pg 42 (Q6)

1. (a) Lily was chased by a dog. Explain how the nervous and endocrine systems coordinate to produce
response.
Choosing a meal for dinner
[4 marks]
Reading newspaper
(b) Diagram 6 shows three types of action.

Drawing

Voluntary action

Diagram 6
Study Diagram 6. You are required to develop a concept based on the actions shown in Diagram 6.
[6 marks]
Answer
(a)

- Receptor in eyes detect the dog and send the impulses to the brain.
- The brain interprets the state of emergency that can cause dangerous / death.
- The brain sends impulses to the muscles in the feet and the adrenal gland to secrete
adrenaline hormone.
- The adrenaline hormone increase the heartbeat and breathing rate to supply more
oxygenated blood to muscle. The level of glucose increase in blood to provide
energy to the muscle.
- The muscles contract and relax quickly to allow Lily to run fast.

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(b)

Common
characteristic
Example

(i) All the actions are control under our conscious mind.
(ii)All the actions are controlled by the cerebrum.
Dancing/ thinking/ talking*(min 2)

Non-example

Sneezing/ peristalsis/ respiration*(min 2)

Initial concept

An action which controls under our conscious mind is a

voluntary action.
*(Explanation in front, Term behind)
A voluntary action is an action which is control under
our conscious mind. It is carried out under our awareness
and the speed of the action can be fast or slow.
*(Term in front, explanation behind)

Actual
concept

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SPM Paper 2 Section C Essay Questions

Question 12 (Construct concept)
Module pg 42 (Q7)

Conversion of glucose to glycogen

Growth

2. (a) State four differences between nervous coordination and hormonal coordination.
(b) Diagram 7 shows several processes which occur in our body.

Development of secondary sexual characteristics

Hormonal Coordination

Diagram 7
Study Diagram 7. You are required to develop a concept based on the actions shown in Diagram 7.
[6 marks]
Answer
(a)

Nervous Coordination
Impulse is sent through the nerves
Short term effect
Acts in a specific area
Response occurs immediately
Messages in the form of electrical
impulses

Hormonal Coordination
Impulse is sent through the bloodstream
Long term effect
Acts in a wide area
Response occurs slowly
Messages are in the form of chemical
substances

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max: 4

(b)

Common
characteristic
Example
Non-example
Initial concept
Actual
concept

(i) Process happen over a long period

(ii) Process controlled by hormones
heartbeat / breathing rate / glucose level*(min 2)
writing / dancing / thinking *(min 2)
Process happen over a long period which controlled by
hormonesishormonal coordination.
(Explanation in front, Term behind)
Hormonal coordination is a process happen over a long
period which controlled by hormones.
(Term in front, explanation behind)

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10 M

SPM Paper 2 Section C Essay Questions

Question 12 (Construct concept)

Module pg72 (Q7)
3. (a) State two importance of genetic research in each of the following fields:
(i)
Medicine
(ii)
Agriculture

Turners syndrome

Klinefelters syndrome

(b) Diagram 7 shows two genetic disorders that occur in human.

Genetic disorder
Diagram 7
Study Diagram 7. You are required to develop a concept about genetic disorder.
[6 marks]
Answer
(a)

Fields
(i) Medicine

(ii)

Agriculture

Importance of genetic research

- discovery of hereditary diseases.

-produces various types of vaccines and medicine,
stem cells for treatment of diseases and for the
improvement of health.
- helps to identification and treatment of genetic
diseases at an early stage of embryo development.
(any 2)
- increase the production of a variety of food which is
easily available and cheaper.
- improves the quality and quantity of crops, livestock
and food.

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max: 4

(b)

Common
characteristic

Example
Non-example
Initial concept
Actual
concept

(i) Additional or deletion of one chromosomes in the

human body cell compare to the normal human body
cell.
(ii) The difference in the number of chromosomes occur
during meiosis to produce gametes with either more or
less the number of chromosomes
Downs syndrome
Albinism / colour blindness / sickle cell anaemia*(min 2)
Process occur when there are changes in structure or
number of chromosomes is chromosome mutation.
(Explanation in front, Term behind)
Chromosome mutationis a process occur when there are
changes in structure or number of chromosomes
(Term in front, explanation behind)

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