Chapter 1 Respiration

4. ________________ = Process of breathing out air.

1. The human respiratory system consists of:

a. _______________________________
b. _______________________________
c. _______________________________
d. _______________________________
e. _______________________________
f. _______________________________
g. _______________________________
h. _______________________________
i. _______________________________
j. _______________________________

5.

Lungs main respiratory organ.

Located in the _________________________ and protected

by the _______________.

6. Pathway:
_______________________ ___________________
_____________________ _______________________
______________________

2. The function of different parts of the respiratory system:

a. Nasal cavity
Warms and moisten air.
Filters dusts particles in air.
b. Trachea
Consists of cilia and mucus.
Trap dust particles and microorganisms in air.
c. Bronchus
Direct air to the left and right lungs.
d. Lung
Consists of alveoli.
e. Diaphragm
Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
3. ________________ = Process of breathing in air.

7. Differences between inhalation and exhalation mechanisms:

Aspects
Diaphragm muscle
External intercostal
muscle

Inhalation

Exhalation

Internal intercostal
muscle
Movement of ribs
Volume of the
thoracic cavity
Air pressure in
thoracic cavity
Movement of air

1. The exchange of respiratory gases occurs in the _____________

by ___________________.
2. Alveolus:
a. ___________ surface area and _________ walls.
b. ______________.
c. Surrounded by a network of ___________________________

3. In the blood, oxygen will combine with haemoglobin to form

_____________________________.
4. When oxyhaemoglobin reaches the body tissue, it breaks down to
release oxygen.
5. Oxygen then diffuses into the cells and is used in respiration.
6. The components of inhaled and exhaled air:

1.

Harmful substances and their effects to human respiratory

system.
Sources

2.
Substances
Sulphur dioxide

Factory smoke

Asbestos dust
Dust and soot

Carbon monoxide

Vehicles exhause

Hydrocarbons
Oxides of nitrogen

Tar

Nicotine
Cigarette smoke

Carbon monoxide

Effects
Corrodes the
tissues of the
alveolus and
trachea walls.
Oxygen cannot
be transported to
the blood
capillaries.
Lung cancer
Breathing
difficulties.
Lung cancer
Reduce the
capacity of blood
to carry oxygen.
Cancer
Damage lung
tissues.
Smog.
Cancer
Blackens the
lungs
Affect blood flow.
Heart attack.
Trigger the
growth of
cancerous cells.
Addiction.
Reduce the
capacity of blood
to carry oxygen.

Respiratory diseases:

Diseases
Asthma

Lung cancer

Emphysema

Factors
Genetic factors
Food allergy
Pollutants and
dust
Inflammation of
the breathing
channel.
Smoking
Carcinogen
(asbestos dust,
hydrocarbons and
nicotine)

Symptoms
Breathing
difficulty
Coughing
Tightness in chest

Smoking
Dust

Influenza

Virus

Pneumonia

Bacteria
Viruses

Loss of appetite
Heavy coughing
Weight loss
Chest pain
Breathing
difficulty
Coughing
continuously
Breathing
difficulty
Tiredness
Blocked or runny
nose
Teary eyes
Giddiness
Aches in the
limbs
Fever
Cough
Lungs filled with
pus and fluids
Breathing
difficulty
Chest pain
Fever
Cough