Circuit I KZ Manual

CircuiTikZ
version 0.4
Massimo A. Redaelli
May 4, 2015
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 About . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Loading the package . . . . .
1.3 License . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4 Feedback . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5 Requirements . . . . . . . .
1.6 Incompatible packages . . .
1.7 Introduction to version 0.3.0
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2 Package options
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
3 The components
3.1 Monopoles . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Bipoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.1 Instruments . . . . . . .
3.2.2 Basic resistive bipoles . .
3.2.3 Resistors and the like . .
3.2.4 Stationary sources . . . .
3.2.5 Diodes and such . . . . .
3.2.6 Basic dynamical bipoles .
3.2.7 Sinusoidal sources . . . .
3.2.8 Special sources . . . . .
3.2.9 DC sources . . . . . . . .
3.2.10 Switch . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.11 HF components . . . . .
3.3 Tripoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.1 Controlled sources . . .
3.3.2 Transistors . . . . . . . .
3.3.3 HF . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.4 Switch . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.5 Other bipole-like tripoles
3.3.6 Misc . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4 Double bipoles . . . . . . . . . .
3.5 Logic gates . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
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6
7
9
9
9
10
12
13
15
16
16
17
17
17
19
19
21
24
24
24
24
25
26
3.6
3.7
Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 Usage
4.1 Labels . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 Currents . . . . . . . . .
4.3 Voltages . . . . . . . . .
4.3.1 European style . .
4.3.2 American style . .
4.4 Nodes . . . . . . . . . . .
4.5 Special components . . .
4.6 Integration with siunitx
4.7 Mirroring . . . . . . . . .
4.8 Putting them together . .
28
29
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29
30
31
32
32
33
33
34
36
36
37
5 Not only bipoles

5.1 Anchors . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.1 Logical ports . . . . .
5.1.2 Transistors . . . . . .
5.1.3 Other tripoles . . . .
5.1.4 Operational amplifier
5.1.5 Double bipoles . . . .
5.2 Input arrows . . . . . . . . .
5.3 Transistor paths . . . . . . .
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37
37
37
38
40
40
41
42
43
6 Customization
6.1 Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 Components size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3 Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
44
45
46
7 FAQ
48
8 Examples
49
9 Revision history
54
Index of the components
57
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Introduction
After two years of little exposure only on my personal website1 , I did a major rehauling of the code of CircuiTikZ, fixing several problems and converting everything to
TikZ version 2.0.
Im not too sure about the result, because my (La)TEX skills are much to be
improved, but it seems its time for more user feedback. So, here it is
I know the documentation is somewhat scant. Hope to have time to improve it a
bit.
1 Now the package is moved to its own git repository: https://github.com/mredaelli/
circuitikz. Contributions are welcome.
1.1 About
This package provides a set of macros for naturally typesetting electrical and (somewhat less naturally, perhaps) electronical networks.
It was born mainly for writing my own exercise book and exams sheets for the
Elettrotecnica courses at Politecnico di Milano, Italy. I wanted a tool that was easy
to use, with a lean syntax, native to LATEX, and supporting directly PDF output format.
So I based everything with the very impressive (if somewhat verbose at times)
TikZ package.
1.2 Loading the package

LATEX
ConTEXt2
\usepackage{circuitikz}
\usemodule[circuitikz]
TikZ will be automatically loaded.

CircuiTikZ commands are just TikZ commands, so a minimum usage example would
be:
R1
\tikz \draw (0,0) to[R=$R_1$] (2,0);
1.3 License
Copyright 20072011 Massimo Redaelli. This package is author-maintained. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this software under the terms
of the LATEXProject Public License, version 1.3.1, or the GNU Public License. This software is provided as is, without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied,
including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness
for a particular purpose.
1.4 Feedback
Much appreciated: k mailto:m.redaelli@gmail.com. Although I dont guarantee
quick answers.
1.5 Requirements
tikz, version 2;
xstring, not older than 2009/03/13;
siunitx, if using siunitx option.
2 ConT Xt
suppurt was added mostly thanks to Mojca Miklavec and Aditya Mahajan.
1.6 Incompatible packages

TikZs own circuit library, which is based on CircuiTikZ, (re?)defines several
styles used by this library. In order to have them work together I added the
compatibility package option, which basically prefixes the names of all CircuiTikZ
to[] styles with an asterisk.
So, if loaded with said option, one must write (0,0) to[*R] (2,0) and, for
transistors on a path, (0,0) to[*Tnmos] (2,0), and so on (but (0,0) node [nmos] {}).
See example at page 54.

Probably nobody is hoping or caring for a new version of the package at this point,
seeing how long it took me for this next release. But here it is, fixing a big problem
(voltage labels in the wrong place, in some cases) and adding several components.
Thanks for bug reporting and suggesting improvements.

Having waited a long time before updating the package, many feature requests piled
on my desk. They should all be implemented now.
There are a number of backward incompatibilitiesIm sorry, but I had to make
a choice in order not to have a schizophrenic interface. They are mostly, in my
opinion, minor problems that can be dealt with with appropriate package options:
potentiometer is now the standard resistor-with-arrow-in-the-middle; the
old potentiometer is now known as variable resistor (or vR), similarly to
variable inductor and variable capacitor;
american inductor was not really the standard american inductor. The old
american inductor has been renamed cute inductor;
transformer, transformer core and variable inductor are now linked
with the chosen type of inductor;
styles for selecting shape variants (like [american resistors]) are now in
the plural to avoid conflict with paths (like to[american resistor]).
Package options
Circuit people are very opinionated about their symbols. The package, left to its
own devices, loads with drawing conventions that I like, so for instance you get this:
\begin{ circuitikz }
\draw (0,0) to[R=2<\ohm>, i=?, v=84<\volt>] (2,0)
3
(2,2) to[V=84<\volt>] (0,2)
4
(0,0);
5 \end{ circuitikz }
1
2
84 V
2
84 V
But if you really, really want your circuit ugly, you can load the package with:
LATEX
ConTEXt
\usepackage[american]{circuitikz}
\usemodule[circuitikz][american]
and you get (dont blame me)
+
84 V
2
84 V
Here is the list of all the options:

europeanvoltages: uses arrows to define voltages, and uses european-style
voltage sources;
americanvoltages: uses and + to define voltages, and uses american-style
voltage sources;
europeancurrents: uses european-style current sources;
americancurrents: uses american-style current sources;
europeanresistors: uses rectangular empty shape for resistors, as per european standards;
americanresistors: uses zig-zag shape for resistors, as per american standards;
europeaninductors: uses rectangular filled shape for inductors, as per european standards;
americaninductors: uses 4-bumps shape for inductors, as per american
standards;
cuteinductors: uses my personal favorite, pig-tailed shape for inductors;
americanports: uses triangular logic ports, as per american standards;
europeanports: uses rectangular logic ports, as per european standards;
americangfsurgearrester: uses round gas filled surge arresters, as per
american standards;
europeangfsurgearrester: uses rectangular gas filled surge arresters, as
per european standards;
european: equivalent to europeancurrents, europeanvoltages, europeanresistors,
europeaninductors, europeanports, europeangfsurgearrester;
5
american: equivalent to americancurrents, americanvoltages, americanresistors,

americaninductors, americanports, americangfsurgearrester;
siunitx: integrates with SIunitx package. If labels, currents or voltages are
of the form #1<#2> then what is shown is actually \SI{#1}{#2};
nosiunitx: labels are not interpreted as above;
fulldiodes: the various diodes are drawn and filled by default, i.e. when
using styles such as diode, D, sD, Un-filled diode can always be forced with
Do, sDo,
emptydiodes: the various diodes are drawn but not filled by default, i.e. when
using styles such as diode, D, sD, Filled diode can always be forced with D*,
sD*,
arrowmos: pmos and nmos have arrows analogous to those of pnp and npn
transistors;
noarrowmos: pmos and nmos do not have arrows analogous to those of pnp
and npn transistors;
straightlabels: labels on bipoles are always printed straight up, i.e. with
horizontal baseline;
rotatelabels: labels on bipoles are always printed aligned along the bipole;
smartlabels: labels on bipoles are rotated along the bipoles, unless the
rotation is very close to multiples of 90;
compatibility: makes it possibile to load CircuiTikZ and TikZ circuit library
together.
The old options in the singular (like american voltage) are still available for
compatibility, but are discouraged.
Loading the package with no options is equivalent to my own personal liking,
that is to the following options:
[europeancurrents, europeanvoltages, americanresistors, cuteinductors,
americanports, nosiunitx, noarrowmos, smartlabels].
In ConTEXt the options are similarly specified: current=european|american,
voltage=european|american, resistor=american|european, inductor=cute|american|european,
logic=american|european, siunitx=true|false, arrowmos=false|true.
The components
Here follows the list of all the shapes defined by CircuiTikZ. These are all pgf nodes,
so they are usable in both pgf and TikZ.
Each bipole (plus triac and thyristors) are shown using the following command,
where #1 is the name of the component3 :
3 If
#1 is the name of the bipole/the style, then the actual name of the shape is #1shape.
\begin{center}\begin{circuitikz} \draw
(0,0) to[ #1 ] (2,0)
; \end{circuitikz} \end{center}
The other shapes are shown with:
\begin{center}\begin{circuitikz} \draw
(0,0) node[ #1 ] {}
; \end{circuitikz} \end{center}
Please notice that for user convenience transistors can also be inputted using
the syntax for bipoles. See section 5.3.
If using the \tikzexternalize feature, as of Tikz 2.1 all pictures must end
with \end{tikzpicture}. Thus you cannot use the circuitikz environment.
Which is ok: just use tikzpicture: everything will work there just fine.
3.1 Monopoles
Ground (ground)
Reference ground (rground)
Signal ground (sground)
Noiseless ground (nground)
Protective ground (pground)
Chassis ground4 (cground)
4 These
last three were contributed by Luigi Liverpool)
Antenna (antenna)
Receiving antenna (rxantenna)
Transmitting antenna (txantenna)
Transmission line stub (tlinestub)
VCC (vcc)
match (match)
LO5 (oscillator)
5 These
last three come from Stefan Erhardts contribution of HF components
3.2 Bipoles
3.2.1 Instruments
Ammeter (ammeter)
A
Voltmeter (voltmeter)
V
Ohmmeter (ohmmeter)
3.2.2 Basic resistive bipoles

Short circuit (short)
Open circuit (open)
Lamp (lamp)
Generic (symmetric) bipole (generic)
Tunable generic bipole (tgeneric)
Generic asymmetric bipole (ageneric)
Generic asymmetric bipole (full) (fullgeneric)
Tunable generic bipole (full) (tfullgeneric)
Memristor (memristor, or Mr)
3.2.3 Resistors and the like

If (default behaviour) americanresistors option is active (or the style [american
resistors] is used), the resistor is displayed as follows:
Resistor (R, or american resistor)
Variable resistor (vR, or variable american resistor)
Potentiometer (pR, or american potentiometer)
If instead europeanresistors option is active (or the style [european resistors]

is used), the resistors, variable resistors and potentiometers are displayed as follows:
Resistor (R, or european resistor)
Variable resistor (vR, or european variable resistor)
Potentiometer (pR, or european potentiometer)

10
Other miscellaneous resistor-like devices:

Varistor (varistor)
Photoresistor (phR, or photoresistor)
Thermocouple (thermocouple)
Thermistor (thR, or thermistor)
PTC thermistor (thRp, or thermistor ptc)
NTC thermistor (thRn, or thermistor ntc)
Fuse (fuse)
Asymmetric fuse (afuse, or asymmetric fuse)
11
3.2.4 Stationary sources

Battery (battery)
Single battery cell (battery1)
Voltage source (european style) (european voltage source)
Voltage source (american style) (american voltage source)
Current source (european style) (european current source)
Current source (american style) (american current source)
If (default behaviour) europeancurrents option is active (or the

style [european currents] is used), the shorthands current source,
isource, and I are equivalent to european current source. Otherwise, if
americancurrents option is active (or the style [american currents] is
used) they are equivalent to american current source.
Similarly, if (default behaviour) europeanvoltages option is active (or
the style [european voltages] is used), the shorthands voltage source,
vsource, and V are equivalent to european voltage source. Otherwise, if
americanvoltages option is active (or the style [american voltages] is
used) they are equivalent to american voltage source.
12
3.2.5 Diodes and such

Empty diode (empty diode, or Do)
Empty Schottky diode (empty Schottky diode, or sDo)
Empty Zener diode (empty Zener diode, or zDo)
Empty tunnel diode (empty tunnel diode, or tDo)
Empty photodiode (empty photodiode, or pDo)
Empty led (empty led, or leDo)
Empty varcap (empty varcap, or VCo)
Full diode (full diode, or D*)
Full Schottky diode (full Schottky diode, or sD*)
13
Full Zener diode (full Zener diode, or zD*)
Full tunnel diode (full tunnel diode, or tD*)
Full photodiode (full photodiode, or pD*)
Full led (full led, or leD*)
Full varcap (full varcap, or VC*)
The options fulldiodes and emptydiodes (and the styles [full diodes]
and [empty diodes]) define which shape will be used by abbreviated commands such that D, sD, zD, tD, pD, leD, and VC.
Squid (squid)
Barrier (barrier)
European gas filled surge arrester (european gas filled surge arrester)
American gas filled surge arrester (american gas filled surge arrester)
14
If (default behaviour) europeangfsurgearrester option is active (or the

style [european gas filled surge arrester] is used), the shorthands gas
filled surge arrester and gf surge arrester are equivalent to the european version of the component.
If otherwise americangfsurgearrester option is active (or the style
[american gas filled surge arrester] is used), the shorthands the
shorthands gas filled surge arrester and gf surge arrester are
equivalent to the american version of the component.
3.2.6 Basic dynamical bipoles

Capacitor (capacitor, or C)
Polar capacitor (polar capacitor, or pC)
Variable capacitor (variable capacitor, or vC)
If (default behaviour) cuteinductors option is active (or the style [cute inductors]
is used), the inductors are displayed as follows:
Inductor (L, or cute inductor)
Variable inductor (vL, or variable cute inductor)
If americaninductors option is active (or the style [american inductors] is

used), the inductors are displayed as follows:
Inductor (L, or american inductor)
Variable inductor (vL, or variable american inductor)

15
Finally, if europeaninductors option is active (or the style [european inductors]

is used), the inductors are displayed as follows:
Inductor (L, or european inductor)
Variable inductor (vL, or variable european inductor)
There is also a transmission line:

Transmission line (TL, or transmission line, tline)
3.2.7 Sinusoidal sources

Here because I was asked for them. But how do you distinguish one from the other?!
Sinusoidal voltage source (sinusoidal voltage source, or vsourcesin,
sV)
Sinusoidal current source (sinusoidal current source, or isourcesin,

sI)
3.2.8 Special sources

Square voltage source (square voltage source, or vsourcesquare, sqV)
Square voltage source (vsourcetri)
Empty voltage source (esource)
16
3.2.9 DC sources
DC voltage source (dcvsource)
DC current source (dcisource)
3.2.10 Switch
Switch (switch, or spst)
Closing switch (closing switch, or cspst)
Opening switch (opening switch, or ospst)
Push button (push button)
3.2.11 HF components
Contributed by Stefan Erhardt.
generic two port6 (twoport)
vco (vco)
bandpass (bandpass)
6 To
specify text to be put in the component: twoport[t=text]):
17
text
highpass (highpass)
lowpass (lowpass)
A/D converter (adc)

A
D/A converter (dac)

D
DSP (dsp)
DSP
FFT (fft)
FFT
amplifier (amp)
VGA (vamp)
18
attenuator (piattenuator)
var. attenuator (vpiattenuator)
T attenuator (tattenuator)
var. T attenuator (vtattenuator)
phase shifter (phaseshifter)
var. phase shifter (vphaseshifter)
detector (detector)
3.3 Tripoles
3.3.1 Controlled sources
Admittedly, graphically they are bipoles. But I couldnt
Controlled voltage source (european style) (european controlled voltage
source)
19
Controlled voltage source (american style) (american controlled voltage

source)
Controlled current source (european style) (european controlled current

source)
Controlled current source (american style) (american controlled current

source)
If (default behaviour) europeancurrents option is active (or the

style [european currents] is used), the shorthands controlled current
source, cisource, and cI are equivalent to european controlled current
source. Otherwise, if americancurrents option is active (or the style
[american currents] is used) they are equivalent to american controlled
current source.
Similarly, if (default behaviour) europeanvoltages option is active (or the
style [european voltages] is used), the shorthands controlled voltage
source, cvsource, and cV are equivalent to european controlled voltage
source. Otherwise, if americanvoltages option is active (or the style
[american voltages] is used) they are equivalent to american controlled
voltage source.
Controlled sinusoidal voltage source (controlled sinusoidal voltage
source, or controlled vsourcesin, cvsourcesin, csV)
Controlled sinusoidal current source (controlled sinusoidal current

source, or controlled isourcesin, cisourcesin, csI)
20
3.3.2 Transistors
nmos (nmos)
pmos (pmos)
npn (npn)
pnp (pnp)
npigbt (nigbt)
pigbt (pigbt)
If the option arrowmos is used (or after the commant \ctikzset{tripoles/mos style/arrows}
is given), this is the output:
nmos (nmos)
21
pmos (pmos)
nfets and pfets have been incorporated based on code provided by Clemens
Helfmeier and Theodor Borsche:
nfet (nfet)
nigfete (nigfete)
nigfetebulk (nigfetebulk)
nigfetd (nigfetd)
pfet (pfet)
22
pigfete (pigfete)
pigfetebulk (pigfetebulk)
pigfetd (pigfetd)
njfet and pjfet have been incorporated based on code provided by Danilo Piazzalunga:
njfet (njfet)
pjfet (pjfet)
isfet
isfet (isfet)
23
3.3.3 HF
These come from Stefan Erhardts contribution of HF components.
circulator (circulator)
wilkinson divider (wilkinson)
3.3.4 Switch
spdt (spdt)
Toggle switch (toggle switch)
3.3.5 Other bipole-like tripoles

The following tripoles are entered with the usual command of the form
triac (triac, or Tr)
thyristor (thyristor, or Ty)
3.3.6 Misc
Mixer (mixer)
24
3.4 Double bipoles

Transformers automatically use the inductor shape currently selected. These are
the three possibilities:
Transformer (cute inductor) (transformer)
Transformer (american inductor) (transformer)
Transformer (european inductor) (transformer)
Transformers with core are also available:

Transformer core (cute inductor) (transformer core)
Transformer core (american inductor) (transformer core)
Transformer core (european inductor) (transformer core)

25
Gyrator (gyrator)
Coupler (coupler)
Coupler, 2 (coupler2)
3.5 Logic gates

American and port (american and port)
American or port (american or port)
American not port (american not port)
26
American nand port (american nand port)
American nor port (american nor port)
American xor port (american xor port)
American xnor port (american xnor port)
European and port (european and port)

&
European or port (european or port)
1
European not port (european not port)
1
European nand port (european nand port)
&
European nor port (european nor port)
27
1
European xor port (european xor port)
=1
European xnor port (european xnor port)
=1
If (default behaviour) americanports option is active (or the style

[american ports] is used), the shorthands and port, or port, not port,
nand port, not port, xor port, and xnor port are equivalent to the american version of the respective logic port.
If otherwise europeanports option is active (or the style [european
ports] is used), the shorthands and port, or port, not port, nand port,
not port, xor port, and xnor port are equivalent to the european version
of the respective logic port.
3.6 Amplifiers
Operational amplifier (op amp)
Fully differential operational amplifier7 (fd op amp)
transconductance amplifier (gm amp)

7 Contributed
by Kristofer M. Monisit.
28
Plain amplifier (plain amp)
Buffer (buffer)
3.7 Support shapes

Arrows (current and voltage) (currarrow)
Connected terminal (circ)
Unconnected terminal (ocirc)
Usage
\draw (0,0) to[R, l=$R_1$] (2,0);
1
R1
\draw (0,0) to[R=$R_1$] (2,0);
1
R1
\draw (0,0) to[R, i=$i_1$] (2,0);
1
i1
29
\draw (0,0) to[R, v=$v_1$] (2,0);
1
2
v1
R1
i1
v1
R1
i1
v1
\draw (0,0) to[R=$R_1$, i=$i _1$, v=$v_1$] (2,0);
1
2
\draw (0,0) to[R=$R_1$, i=$i _1$, v=$v_1$] (2,0);
1
2
Long names/styles for the bipoles can be used:

\begin{ circuitikz }\draw
(0,0) to[ resistor =1<\kilo\ohm>] (2,0)
3 ;\end{ circuitikz }
1
1 k
4.1 Labels
\draw (0,0) to[R, l^=$R_1$] (2,0);
1
R1
\draw (0,0) to[R, l_=$R_1$] (2,0);
1
2
R1
The default orientation of labels is controlled by the options smartlabels, rotatelabels

and straightlabels (or the corresponding label/align keys). Here are examples
to see the differences:
90
45
\ ctikzset { label /align = straight }
3 \def\DIR{0,45,90,135,180,90,45,135}
4 \foreach \i in \DIR {
5
\draw (0,0) to[R=\i , *o] (\ i :2.5);
6 }
1
2
135
180
-45
-135
-90
30
45
90
\ ctikzset { label /align = rotate }
3 \def\DIR{0,45,90,135,180,90,45,135}
5
\draw (0,0) to[R=\i , *o] (\ i :2.5);
6 }
1
2
5
13
-90
-1
35
5
-4
180
\ ctikzset { label /align = smart}
3 \def\DIR{0,45,90,135,180,90,45,135}
5
\draw (0,0) to[R=\i , *o] (\ i :2.5);
6 }
1
45
90
5
13
-1
35
-4
180
-90
4.2 Currents
\draw (0,0) to[R, i^>=$i_1$] (2,0);
1
i1
\draw (0,0) to[R, i_>=$i_1$] (2,0);
1
i1
\draw (0,0) to[R, i^<=$i_1$] (2,0);
1
i1
\draw (0,0) to[R, i_<=$i_1$] (2,0);
1
i1
\draw (0,0) to[R, i>^=$i_1$] (2,0);
1
i1
\draw (0,0) to[R, i>_=$i_1$] (2,0);
1
i1
31
\draw (0,0) to[R, i<^=$i_1$] (2,0);
1
i1
\draw (0,0) to[R, i<_=$i_1$] (2,0);
1
2
i1
Also
\draw (0,0) to[R, i<=$i_1$] (2,0);
1
i1
\draw (0,0) to[R, i>=$i_1$] (2,0);
1
i1
\draw (0,0) to[R, i^=$i_1$] (2,0);
1
i1
\draw (0,0) to[R, i_=$i_1$] (2,0);
1
i1
4.3 Voltages
4.3.1 European style
The default, with arrows. Use option europeanvoltage or style [european voltages].
v1
\begin{ circuitikz }[ european voltages]

\draw (0,0) to[R, v^>=$v_1$] (2,0);
1
2
v1

\draw (0,0) to[R, v^<=$v_1$] (2,0);
1
2

\draw (0,0) to[R, v_>=$v_1$] (2,0);
1
v1

\draw (0,0) to[R, v_<=$v_1$] (2,0);
1
v1
32
4.3.2 American style

For those who like it (not me). Use option americanvoltage or set [american voltages].
v1
v1
\begin{ circuitikz }[ american voltages]

\draw (0,0) to[R, v^>=$v_1$] (2,0);
1

\draw (0,0) to[R, v^<=$v_1$] (2,0);
1

\draw (0,0) to[R, v_>=$v_1$] (2,0);
1
v1

\draw (0,0) to[R, v_<=$v_1$] (2,0);
1
v1
4.4 Nodes
\draw (0,0) to[R, oo] (2,0);
1
2
\draw (0,0) to[R, o] (2,0);
1
2
\draw (0,0) to[R, o] (2,0);
1
2
\draw (0,0) to[R, **] (2,0);
1
2
\draw (0,0) to[R, *] (2,0);
1
2
\draw (0,0) to[R, *] (2,0);
1
2
\draw (0,0) to[R, o*] (2,0);
1
2
\draw (0,0) to[R, *o] (2,0);
1
2
33
4.5 Special components

For some components label, current and voltage behave as one would expect:
a1
\draw (0,0) to[ I=$a_1$] (2,0);
1
2
a1
\draw (0,0) to[ I , i=$a_1$] (2,0);
1
2
k a1
\draw (0,0) to[ cI=$k\cdot a_1$] (2,0);
1
2
a1
\draw (0,0) to[ sI=$a_1$] (2,0);
1
2
k a1
\draw (0,0) to[ csI =$k\cdot a_1$] (2,0);
1
2
The following results from using the option americancurrent or using the style
[american currents].
a1
\begin{ circuitikz }[ american currents]

\draw (0,0) to[ I=$a_1$] (2,0);
1
2
a1

\draw (0,0) to[ I , i=$a_1$] (2,0);
1
2
k a1

\draw (0,0) to[ cI=$k\cdot a_1$] (2,0);
1
2
a1

\draw (0,0) to[ sI=$a_1$] (2,0);
1
2
34
k a1

\draw (0,0) to[ csI =$k\cdot a_1$] (2,0);
1
2
The same holds for voltage sources:

a1
\draw (0,0) to[V=$a_1$] (2,0);
1
2
a1
\draw (0,0) to[V, v=$a_1$] (2,0);
1
2
k a1
\draw (0,0) to[cV=$k\cdot a_1$] (2,0);
1
2
a1
\draw (0,0) to[sV=$a_1$] (2,0);
1
2
k a1
\draw (0,0) to[csV=$k\cdot a_1$] (2,0);
1
2
The following results from using the option americanvoltage or the style
[american voltages].
a1
a1
k a1
a1

\draw (0,0) to[V=$a_1$] (2,0);
1
2

\draw (0,0) to[V, v=$a_1$] (2,0);
1
2

\draw (0,0) to[cV=$k\cdot a_1$] (2,0);
1
2

\draw (0,0) to[sV=$a_1$] (2,0);
1
2
35
k a1

\draw (0,0) to[csV=$k\cdot a_1$] (2,0);
1
2
4.6 Integration with siunitx

If the option siunitx is active (and not in ConTEXt), then the following are equivalent:
\draw (0,0) to[R, l=1<\kilo\ohm>] (2,0);
1
1 k
\draw (0,0) to[R, l=$\SI {1}{\ kilo \ohm}$] (2,0);
1
1 k
\draw (0,0) to[R, i=1<\ milli \ampere>] (2,0);
1
1 mA
\draw (0,0) to[R, i=$\SI {1}{\ milli \ampere}$] (2,0);
1
1 mA
\draw (0,0) to[R, v=1<\volt >] (2,0);
1
2
1V
\draw (0,0) to[R, v=$\SI {1}{\ volt }$] (2,0);
1
2
1V
4.7 Mirroring
\draw (0,0) to[pD] (2,0);
1
2
\draw (0,0) to[pD, mirror] (2,0);
1
2
At the moment, placing labels and currents on mirrored bipoles works:

\draw (0,0) to[ospst=T] (2,0);
1
i1
\draw (0,0) to[ospst=T, mirror, i=$i_1$] (2,0);
1
2
36
But voltages dont:

\draw (0,0) to[ospst=T, mirror, v=v] (2,0);
1
2
Sorry about that.
4.8 Putting them together

\draw (0,0) to[R=1<\kilo\ohm>,
3
i>_=1<\ milli \ampere>, o*] (3,0);
1
1 k
1 mA
\draw (0,0) to[D*, v=$v_D$,
3
i=1<\ milli \ampere>, o*] (3,0);
1
1 mA
vD
Not only bipoles
Since only bipoles (but see section 5.3) can be placed along a line, components
with more than two terminals are placed as nodes:
+5 V
\draw (0,0) node[npn](npn) at (0,0) {};
3 \draw (npn.C) ++(0,0.5) node[vcc ]{+5\,\ textnormal{V}};
4 \draw (npn.E) ++(0,0.5) node[vee]{5\,\textnormal{V}};
1
2
-5 V
5.1 Anchors
In order to allow connections with other components, all components define anchors.
5.1.1 Logical ports
All logical ports, except not, have two inputs and one output. They are called
respectively in 1, in 2, out:
\begin{ circuitikz } \draw
(0,0) node[and port] (myand) {}
3
(myand.in 1) node[anchor=east] {1}
4
(myand.in 2) node[anchor=east] {2}
5
(myand.out) node[anchor=west] {3}
1
2
1
2
37

(0,2) node[and port] (myand1) {}
3
4
(2,1) node[xnor port] (myxnor) {}
5
(myand1.out) | (myxnor.in 1)
6
1
2
In the case of not, there are only in and out (although for compatibility reasons
in 1 is still defined and equal to in):
(1,0) node[not port] (not1) {}
3
(3,0) node[not port] (not2) {}
4
(0,0) (not1.in)
5
(not2.in) (not1.out)
6
++(0,1) node[ground] {} to[C] (not1.out)
7
(not2.out) | (4,1) | (0,0)
1
2
5.1.2 Transistors
For nmos, pmos, nfet, nigfete, nigfetd, pfet, pigfete, and pigfetd transistors one has
base, gate, source and drain anchors (which can be abbreviated with B, G, S and
D):
(0,0) node[nmos] (mos) {}
3
(mos.base) node[anchor=west] {B}
4
(mos.gate) node[anchor=east] {G}
5
(mos.drain) node[anchor=south] {D}
6
(mos.source) node[anchor=north] {S}
1
D
G
B
S

(0,0) node[pigfete ] ( pigfete ) {}
3
( pigfete . B) node[anchor=west] {B}
4
( pigfete . G) node[anchor=east] {G}
5
( pigfete . D) node[anchor=south] {D}
6
( pigfete . S) node[anchor=north] {S}
1
G
S
Similarly njfet and pjfet have gate, source and drain anchors (which can be
abbreviated with G, S and D):
S

(0,0) node[pjfet ] ( pjfet ) {}
3
( pjfet . G) node[anchor=east] {G}
4
( pjfet . D) node[anchor=north] {D}
5
( pjfet . S) node[anchor=south] {S}
1
2
38
For npn, pnp, nigbt, and pigbt transistors the anchors are base, emitter and
collector anchors (which can be abbreviated with B, E and C):
(0,0) node[npn] (npn) {}
3
(npn.base) node[anchor=east] {B}
4
(npn. collector ) node[anchor=south] {C}
5
(npn.emitter) node[anchor=north] {E}
1
2
B
E

(0,0) node[pigbt] (pigbt) {}
3
(pigbt . B) node[anchor=east] {B}
4
(pigbt . C) node[anchor=north] {C}
5
(pigbt . E) node[anchor=south] {E}
1
2
B
C
Here is one composite example (please notice that the xscale=-1 style would
also reflect the label of the transistors, so here a new node is added and its text is
used, instead of that of pnp1):
(0,0) node[pnp] (pnp2) {2}
3
(pnp2.B) node[pnp, xscale=1, anchor=B] (pnp1) {}
4
(pnp1) node {1}
5
(pnp1.C) node[npn, anchor=C] (npn1) {}
6
(pnp2.C) node[npn, xscale=1, anchor=C] (npn2) {}
7
(pnp1.E) (pnp2.E) (npn1.E) (npn2.E)
8
(pnp1.B) node[circ ] {} | (pnp2.C) node[circ ] {}
1
2
1
Similarly, transistors and other components can be reflected vertically:
B
D

(0,0) node[pigfete , yscale=1] ( pigfete )
3
( pigfete . B) node[anchor=west] {B}
4
( pigfete . G) node[anchor=east] {G}
5
( pigfete . D) node[anchor=north] {D}
6
( pigfete . S) node[anchor=south] {S}
1
1
2
R1
3
4
5
6
39
{}
\draw (0,2)
node[rground, yscale=1] {}
to[R=$R_1$] (0,0)
node[sground] {};
\end{ circuitikz }
5.1.3 Other tripoles

When inserting a thrystor, a triac or a potentiometer, one needs to refer to the third
nodegate (gate or G) for the former two; wiper (wiper or W) for the latter one. This
is done by giving a name to the bipole:
(0,0) to[Tr, n=TRI] (2,0)
3
to[pR, n=POT] (4,0);
4
\draw[dashed] (TRI.G) | (POT.wiper)
1
2
As for the switches:

(0,0) node[spdt] (Sw) {}
3
(Sw.in) node[ left ] {in}
4
(Sw.out 1) node[right] {out 1}
5
(Sw.out 2) node[right] {out 2}
1
2
out 1
in
out 2

(0,0) to[C] (1,0) to[ toggle switch , n=Sw] (2.5,0)
3
(2.5,1) to[ battery1] (1.5,1) to[R] (0,1) | (0,0)
4
(Sw.out 2) | (2.5, 1) to[R] (0,1) (0,0)
1
2
And the mixer:

(0,0) node[mixer] (mix) {}
3
(mix.in 1) node[ left ] {in 1}
4
(mix.in 2) node[below] {in 2}
5
(mix.out) node[right] {out}
1
2
out
in 1
in 2
5.1.4 Operational amplifier

The op amp defines the inverting input (-), the non-inverting input (+) and the
output (out) anchors:
(0,0) node[op amp] (opamp) {}
3
(opamp.+) node[left ] {$v_+$}
4
(opamp.) node[left] {$v_$}
5
(opamp.out) node[right] {$v_o$}
1
vo
v+
There are also two more anchors defined, up and down, for the power supplies:
40

(0,0) node[op amp] (opamp) {}
3
4
5
(opamp.out) node[right] {$v_o$}
6
(opamp.down) node[ground] {}
7
(opamp.up) ++ (0,.5) node[above] {\SI {12}{\ volt }}
8
(opamp.up)
1
2
12 V
v
vo
v+
The fully differential op amp defines two outputs:

(0,0) node[fd op amp] (opamp) {}
3
4
5
(opamp.out +) node[right] {out +}
6
(opamp.out ) node[right] {out }
7
(opamp.down) node[ground] {}
1
2
v+
out +
out -
The circulator defined ports 1, 2 and 3:

(0,0) node[ circulator ] (c) {}
(c .1) node[ left ] {\ texttt {1}}
(c .2) node[right] {\ texttt {2}}
(c .3) node[below] {\ texttt {3}}
;
\end{ circuitikz }
1
2
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
The Wilkinson divider has:

(0,0) node[wilkinson] (w) {\SI {3}{ dB}}
(w.in) to[short,o] ++(0.5,0)
(w.out1) to[short,o] ++(0.5,0)
(w.out2) to[short,o] ++(0.5,0)
(w.in) node[below left ] {\ texttt {in }}
(w.out1) node[below right] {\ texttt {out1}}
(w.out2) node[above right] {\ texttt {out2}}
;
\end{ circuitikz }
1
2
3 dB
out2
3
4
5
in
out1
7
8
9
10
5.1.5 Double bipoles

All the (few, actually) double bipoles/quadrupoles have the four anchors, two for
each port. The first port, to the left, is port A, having the anchors A1 (up) and A2
(down); same for port B. They also expose the base anchor, for labelling:
41

(0,0) node[transformer] (T) {}
3
(T.A1) node[anchor=east] {A1}
4
(T.A2) node[anchor=east] {A2}
5
(T.B1) node[anchor=west] {B1}
6
(T.B2) node[anchor=west] {B2}
7
(T.base) node{K}
1
A1
B1
B2
A2

(0,0) node[gyrator] (G) {}
3
(G.A1) node[anchor=east] {A1}
4
(G.A2) node[anchor=east] {A2}
5
(G.B1) node[anchor=west] {B1}
6
(G.B2) node[anchor=west] {B2}
7
(G.base) node{K}
1
A1
B1
B2
A2
However:

(0,0) node[coupler] (c) {\SI {10}{ dB}}
(c .1) to[short,o] ++(0.5,0)
(c .2) to[short,o] ++(0.5,0)
(c .3) to[short,o] ++(0.5,0)
(c .4) to[short,o] ++(0.5,0)
(c .1) node[below left ] {\ texttt {1}}
(c .2) node[below right] {\ texttt {2}}
(c .3) node[above right] {\ texttt {3}}
(c .4) node[above left ] {\ texttt {4}}
;
\end{ circuitikz }
1
2
3
10 dB
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

(0,0) node[coupler2] (c) {\SI {3}{ dB}}
(c .1) to[short,o] ++(0.5,0)
(c .2) to[short,o] ++(0.5,0)
(c .3) to[short,o] ++(0.5,0)
(c .4) to[short,o] ++(0.5,0)
(c .1) node[below left ] {\ texttt {1}}
(c .2) node[below right] {\ texttt {2}}
(c .3) node[above right] {\ texttt {3}}
(c .4) node[above left ] {\ texttt {4}}
;
\end{ circuitikz }
1
2
3
3 dB
4
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
5.2 Input arrows

two ports
The new two ports all have a defined direction. If one needs opposite direction, just
place them from right to left. With the option > a input arrow is drawn:
42
1
2
FFT
4
5
6
7

(0,0) to[short , o] ++(0.3,0)
to[lowpass,>] ++(2,0)
to[adc ,>] ++(2,0)
to[ fft ,>] ++(2,0)
to[short,o] ++(0.3,0);
\end{ circuitikz }
multi ports
Since inputs and outputs can vary, input arrows can be placed as nodes:
(0,0) node[mixer] (m) {}
(m.in1) to[short,o] ++(1,0)
(m.in2) to[short,o] ++(0,1)
(m.out) to[short,o] ++(1,0)
(m.in1) node[inputarrow] {}
(m.in2) node[inputarrow,rotate=90] {};
\end{ circuitikz }
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5.3 Transistor paths

For syntactical convenience transistors can be placed using the normal path notation
used for bipoles. The transitor type can be specified by simply adding a T (for
transistor) in front of the node name of the transistor. It will be placed with the
base/gate orthogonal to the direction of the path:

(0,0) node[njfet ] {1}
3
(1,2) to[ Tnjfet =2] (1,2)
4
to[ Tnjfet =3, mirror] (3,2);
1
2
Access to the gate and/or base nodes can be gained by naming the transistors
with the n or name path style:
43
\begin{ circuitikz } \draw[yscale =1.1, xscale =.8]

(2,4.5) (0,4.5) to[Tpmos, n=p1] (0,3)
3
to[Tnmos, n=n1] (0,1.5)
4
to[Tnmos, n=n2] (0,0) node[ground] {}
5
(2,4.5) to[Tpmos,n=p2] (2,3) to[short , *] (0,3)
6
(p1.G) (n1.G) to[short , *o] ($(n1.G )+(3,0)$)
7
(n2.G) ++(2,0) node[circ ] {} | (p2.G)
8
(n2.G) to[short , o] ($(n2.G )+(3,0)$)
9
(0,3) to[short , o] (1,3)
1
2
The name property is available also for bipoles, although this is useful mostly for
triac, potentiometer and thyristor (see 3.3.5).
Customization
6.1 Parameters
Pretty much all CircuiTikZ relies heavily on pgfkeys for value handling and configuration. Indeed, at the beginning of circuitikz.sty a series of key definitions
can be found that modify all the graphical characteristics of the package.
All can be varied using the \ctikzset command, anywhere in the code.
Shape of the components
(on a per-component-class basis)
1
\tikz \draw (0,0) to[R=1<\ohm>] (2,0); \par
\ ctikzset { bipoles/ resistor /height =.6}
3 \tikz \draw (0,0) to[R=1<\ohm>] (2,0);
1
\tikz \draw (0,0) node[nand port] {}; \par

\ ctikzset { tripoles /american nand port/input height=.2}
3 \ ctikzset { tripoles /american nand port/port width=.2}
4 \tikz \draw (0,0) node[nand port] {};
1
2
Thickness of the lines
(globally)
1F
\tikz \draw (0,0) to[C=1<\farad>] (2,0); \par
\ ctikzset { bipoles/thickness=1}
3 \tikz \draw (0,0) to[C=1<\farad>]
(2,0);
1
1F
44
Global properties
Of voltage and current

\tikz \draw (0,0) to[R, v=1<\volt >] (2,0); \par
\ ctikzset {voltage/distance from node=.1}
3 \tikz \draw (0,0) to[R, v=1<\volt >]
(2,0);
1
1V
1V
\tikz \draw (0,0) to[C, i=$\imath$] (2,0); \par

\ ctikzset {current/distance = .2}
3 \tikz \draw (0,0) to[C, i=$\imath$] (2,0);
1
2
However, you can override the properties voltage/distance from node8 , voltage/bump b9
and voltage/european label distance10 on a per-component basis, in order to
fine-tune the voltages:
\tikz \draw (0,0) to[R, v=1<\volt >] (1.5,0)
to[C, v=2<\volt >] (3,0); \par
3 \ ctikzset { bipoles/capacitor/voltage/%
4
distance from node/. initial =.7}
5 \tikz \draw (0,0) to[R, v=1<\volt >]
(1.5,0)
6
to[C, v=2<\volt >] (3,0); \par
1
1V
1V
2V
2V
Admittedly, not all graphical properties have understandable names, but for the
time it will have to do:
\tikz \draw (0,0) node[xnor port] {};
\ ctikzset { tripoles /american xnor port/aaa=.2}
3 \ ctikzset { tripoles /american xnor port/bbb=.6}
4 \tikz \draw (0,0) node[xnor port] {};
1
2
6.2 Components size

Perhaps the most important parameter is \circuitikzbasekey/bipoles/length,
which can be interpreted as the length of a resistor (including reasonable connections): all other lenghts are relative to this value. For instance:
8 That
is, how distant from the initial and final points of the path the arrow starts and ends.
how high the bump of the arrow is how curved it is.
10 Controlling how distant from the bipole the voltage label will be.
9 Controlling
45
10
A
vx
20
S
5 vx
B
\ ctikzset { bipoles/length=1.4cm}
\begin{ circuitikz }[ scale =1.2]\ draw
3
(0,0) node[anchor=east] {B}
4
to[short , o*] (1,0)
5
to[R=20<\ohm>, **] (1,2)
6
to[R=10<\ohm>, v=$v_x$] (3,2) (4,2)
7
to[ cI=$\frac{\ si {\siemens}}{5} v_x$, **] (4,0) (3,0)
8
to[R=5<\ohm>, **] (3,2)
9
(3,0) (1,0)
10
(1,2) to[short , o] (0,2) node[anchor=east]{A}
1
2
10
A
vx
20
S
5 vx
B
\ ctikzset { bipoles/length=.8cm}
3
4
5
to[R=20<\ohm>, **] (1,2)
6
to[R=10<\ohm>, v=$v_x$] (3,2) (4,2)
7
to[ cI=$\frac{\siemens}{5} v_x$, **] (4,0) (3,0)
8
to[R=5<\ohm>, **] (3,2)
9
(3,0) (1,0)
10
1
2
6.3 Colors
The color of the components is stored in the key \circuitikzbasekey/color.
CircuiTikZ tries to follow the color set in TikZ, although sometimes it fails. If you
change color in the picture, please do not use just the color name as a style, like
[red], but rather assign the style [color=red].
Compare for instance
46
\begin{ circuitikz } \draw[red]

3
4
5
6
1
2
and
\begin{ circuitikz } \draw[color=red]
3
4
5
6
1
2
One can of course change the color in medias res:

(0,0) node[pnp, color=blue] (pnp2) {}
3
(pnp2.B) node[pnp, xscale=1, anchor=B, color=brown] (pnp1) {}
4
(pnp1.C) node[npn, anchor=C, color=green] (npn1) {}
5
(pnp2.C) node[npn, xscale=1, anchor=C, color=magenta] (npn2) {}
6
(pnp1.E) (pnp2.E) (npn1.E) (npn2.E)
7
(pnp1.B) node[circ ] {} | (pnp2.C) node[circ ] {}
1
2
The all-in-one stream of bipoles poses some challanges, as only the actual body
of the bipole, and not the connecting lines, will be rendered in the specified color.
Also, please notice the curly braces around the to:
1

(0,0) to[V=1<\volt>] (0,2)
3
{ to[R=1<\ohm>, color=red] (2,2) }
4
to[C=1<\farad>] (2,0) (0,0)
1
2
1V
1F
Which, for some bipoles, can be frustrating:

47

(0,0){ to[V=1<\volt>, color=red] (0,2) }
3
to[R=1<\ohm>] (2,2)
4
to[C=1<\farad>] (2,0) (0,0)
1
2
1V
1F
The only way out is to specify different paths:

1
\begin{ circuitikz } \draw[color=red]

(0,0) to[V=1<\volt>, color=red] (0,2);
3
\draw (0,2) to[R=1<\ohm>] (2,2)
4
to[C=1<\farad>] (2,0) (0,0)
1
2
1V
1F
And yes: this is a bug and not a feature
FAQ
Q: When using \tikzexternalize I get the following error:

! Emergency stop.
A: The TikZ manual states:
Furthermore, the library assumes that all LATEX pictures are ended
with \end{tikzpicture}.
Just substitute every occurrence of the environment circuitikz with tikzpicture.
They are actually pretty much the same.
Q: How do I draw the voltage between two nodes?
A: Between any two nodes there is an open circuit!
node[ocirc] (A) at (0,0) {}
3
node[ocirc] (B) at (2,1) {}
4
(A) to[open, v=$v$] (B)
1
2
Q: I cannot write to[R = $R_1=12V$] nor to[ospst = open, 3s]: I get errors.
A: It is a limitation of the TikZ parser. Use to[R = $R_1{=}12V$] and to[ospst = open{,} 3s]
instead.
48
Examples
2.2 k
0.3 ki1
1 k
10 F
12 mH
1 mA
i1

(0,0) to[C, l=10<\micro\farad>] (0,2) (0,3)
3
to[R, l =2.2<\ kilo \ohm>] (4,3) (4,2)
4
to[L, l=12<\ milli \henry>, i=$i_1$] (4,0) (0,0)
5
(4,2) { to[D*, **, color=red] (2,0) }
6
(0,2) to[R, l=1<\kilo\ohm>, *] (2,2)
7
to[cV, v=$\SI {.3}{\ kilo \ohm} i_1$] (4,2)
8
(2,0) to[ I , i=1<\ milli \ampere>, *] (2,2)
1
2
49
2 mH
4 nF
1
e(t)
0.25 k
1 k
2 nF
a(t)

(0,0) node[ground] {}
3
to[V=$e(t )$, **] (0,2) to[C=4<\nano\farad>] (2,2)
4
to[R, l _=.25<\ kilo \ohm>, **] (2,0)
5
(2,2) to[R=1<\kilo\ohm>] (4,2)
6
to[C, l_=2<\nano\farad>, **] (4,0)
7
(5,0) to[ I , i_=$a(t )$, *] (5,2) (4,2)
8
(0,0) (5,0)
9
(0,2) (0,3) to[L, l=2<\ milli \henry>] (5,3) (5,2)
1
2
10
11
12
{[ anchor=south east] (0,2) node {1} (2,2) node {2} (4,2) node {3}}
;\end{ circuitikz }
10
A
vx
20
S
5 vx
B
3
4
to[R=20<\ohm>, **] (1,2)
5
to[R=10<\ohm>, v=$v_x$] (3,2) (4,2)
6
to[ cI=$\frac{\siemens}{5} v_x$, **] (4,0) (3,0)
7
to[R=5<\ohm>, **] (3,2)
8
(3,0) (1,0)
9
1
2
50
\begin{ circuitikz }[ scale =1]\draw

(0,0) node[transformer] (T) {}
3
(T.B2) to[pD] ($( T.B 2)+(2,0)$) | (3.5, 1)
4
(T.B1) to[pD] ($( T.B 1)+(2,0)$) | (3.5, 1)
1
2
Cd1
Rd
Uwy
Rd
Uwe
Cd2
\begin{ circuitikz }[ scale =1]\draw

(5,.5) node [op amp] (opamp) {}
3
(0,0) node [ left ] {$U_{we}$} to [R, l=$R_d$, o*] (2,0)
4
to [R, l=$R_d$, **] (opamp.+)
5
to [C, l_=$C_{d2}$, *] ($( opamp.+)+(0,2)$) node [ground] {}
6
(opamp.out) | (3.5,2) to [C, l_=$C_{d1}$, *] (2,2) to [short] (2,0)
7
(opamp.) | (3.5,2)
8
(opamp.out) to [short , *o] (7,.5) node [ right ] {$U_{wy}$}
1
2
51
i1 /mA
t0
2k
1 mA
2V
v1
-3
-2
i1
2 k
2
4
v1 /V
-4
1 k
4V
\begin{ circuitikz }[ scale =1.2, american]\draw
(0,2) to[ I=1<\ milli \ampere>] (2,2)
3
to[R, l_=2<\kilo\ohm>, **] (0,0)
4
to[R, l_=2<\kilo\ohm>] (2,0)
5
to[V, v_=2<\volt>] (2,2)
6
to[ cspst , l=$t_0$] (4,2) (4,1.5)
7
to [generic , i=$i _1$, v=$v_1$] (4,.5) (4,1.5)
8
(0,2) (0,1.5) to[V, v_=4<\volt>] (2,1.5)
9
to [R, l=1<\kilo\ohm>] (4,1.5);
1
2
10
\begin{scope}[ xshift =6.5cm, yshift =.5cm]

\draw [>] (2,0) (2.5,0) node[anchor=west] {$v_1/\volt $};
13
\draw [>] (0,2) (0,2) node[anchor=west] {$i_1/\SI {}{\ milli \ampere}$} ;
14
\draw (1,0) node[anchor=north] {2} (1,0) node[anchor=south] {2}
15
(0,1) node[anchor=west] {4} (0,1) node[anchor=east] {4}
16
(2,0) node[anchor=north west] {4}
17
(1.5,0) node[anchor=south east] {3};
18
\draw [thick ] (2,1) (1,1) (1,1) (2,0) (2.5,.5);
19
\draw [dotted] (1,1) (1,0) (1,1) (1,0)
20
(1,1) (0,1) (1,1) (0,1);
21
\end{scope}
11
12
52
RF
LO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
\begin{ circuitikz }[ scale =1]

\ ctikzset { bipoles/detector/width=.35}
\ ctikzset {quadpoles/coupler/width=1}
\ ctikzset {quadpoles/coupler/height=1}
\ ctikzset { tripoles /wilkinson/width=1}
\ ctikzset { tripoles /wilkinson/height=1}
%\draw[help lines , red , thin , dotted ] (0,5) grid (5,5);
\draw
(2,0) node[wilkinson](w1){}
(2,0) node[coupler] (c1) {}
(0,2) node[coupler,rotate =90] (c2) {}
(0,2) node[coupler,rotate =90] (c3) {}
(w1.out1) .. controls ++(0.8,0) and ++(0,0.8) .. (c 3.3)
(w1.out2) .. controls ++(0.8,0) and ++(0,0.8) .. (c 2.4)
(c 1.1) .. controls ++(0.8,0) and ++(0,0.8) .. (c 3.2)
(c 1.4) .. controls ++(0.8,0) and ++(0,0.8) .. (c 2.1)
(w1.in) to[short,o] ++(1,0)
(w1.in) node[ left =30] {LO}
(c 1.2) node[match,yscale=1] {}
(c 1.3) to[short,o] ++(1,0)
(c 1.3) node[right=30] {RF}
(c 2.3) to[detector,o] ++(0,1.5)
(c 2.2) to[detector,o] ++(0,1.5)
(c 3.1) to[detector,o] ++(0,1.5)
(c 3.4) to[detector,o] ++(0,1.5)
;
\end{ circuitikz }
53
R1
1
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\ usetikzlibrary { circuits . ee.IEC}
5 \ usetikzlibrary { positioning }
3
4
6
7
8
\usepackage[compatibility]{ circuitikz }
\ ctikzset { bipoles/length=.9cm}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture }[ circuit ee IEC]
12
\draw (0,0) to [ resistor ={name=R}] (0,2)
13
to[diode={name=D}] (3,2);
14
\draw (0,0) to[*R=$R_1$] (1.5,0) to[*Tnpn] (3,0)
15
to[*D ](3,2);
16 \end{tikzpicture }
17 \end{document}
10
11
Revision history
version 0.4 (in progress)

1. minor improvements to documentation
2. comply with TDS
3. merge high frequency symbols by Stefan Erhardt
4. added switch (not opening nor closing)
5. added added solder dot in some transistors
6. improved ConTeXt compatibility
version 0.3.1
1. typo in documentation
2. fixed an error in the angle computation in voltage and current routines
3. fixed problem with label size when scaling a tikz picture
4. added gas filled surge arrester
5. added compatibility option to work with Tikzs own circuit library
version 0.3.0 (20121229)

1. fixed gate node for a few transistors
2. added mixer
3. added fully differential op amp (by Kristofer M. Monisit)
54
4. now general settings for the drawing of voltage can be overridden for
specific components
5. made arrows more homogeneous (either the current/voltage one, or
latex by pgf)
6. added the single battery cell
7. added fuse and asymmetric fuse
8. added toggle switch
9. added varistor, photoresistor, thermocouple, push button
10. added thermistor, thermistor ptc, thermistor ptc
11. fixed misalignment of voltage label in vertical bipoles with names
12. added isfet
13. added noiseless, protective, chassis, signal and reference grounds (Luigi
Luigi Liverpool)
version 0.2.4 (20110911).
1. added square voltage source (contributed by Alistair Kwan)
2. added buffer and plain amplifier (contributed by Danilo Piazzalunga)
3. added squid and barrier (contributed by Cor Molenaar)
4. added antenna and transmission line symbols contributed by Leonardo
Azzinnari
5. added the changeover switch spdt (suggestion of Fabio Maria Antoniali)
6. rename of context.tex and context.pdf (thanks to Karl Berry)
7. updated the email address
8. in documentation, fixed wrong (non-standard) labelling of the axis in an
example (thanks to prof. Claudio Beccaria)
9. fixed scaling inconsistencies in quadrupoles
10. fixed division by zero error on certain vertical paths
11. introduced options straighlabels, rotatelabels, smartlabels
version 0.2.3 (20091118).
1. fixed compatibility problem with label option from tikz
2. Fixed resizing problem for shape ground
3. Variable capacitor
4. polarized capacitor
5. ConTEXt support (read the manual!)
6. nfet, nigfete, nigfetd, pfet, pigfete, pigfetd (contribution of Clemens
Helfmeier and Theodor Borsche)
7. njfet, pjfet (contribution of Danilo Piazzalunga)
8. pigbt, nigbt
9. backward incompatibility potentiometer is now the standard resistor-witharrow-in-the-middle; the old potentiometer is now known as variable
resistor (or vR), similarly to variable inductor and variable capacitor
55
10. triac, thyristor, memristor

11. new property name for bipoles
12. fixed voltage problem for batteries in american voltage mode
13. european logic gates
14. backward incompatibility new american standard inductor. Old american
inductor now called cute inductor
15. backward incompatibility transformer now linked with the chosen type of
inductor, and version with core, too. Similarly for variable inductor
16. backward incompatibility styles for selecting shape variants now end are
in the plural to avoid conflict with paths
17. new placing option for some tripoles (mostly transistors)
18. mirror path style
version 0.2.2 (20090520).
1. Added the shape for lamps.
2. Added options europeanresistor, europeaninductor, americanresistor
and americaninductor, with corresponding styles.
3. Fixed: error in transistor arrow positioning and direction under negative
xscale and yscale.
version 0.2.1 (20090503).
1. Op-amps added.
2. Added options arrowmos and noarrowmos.
version 0.2 First public release on CTAN (20090417).
1. Backward incompatibility: labels ending with :angle are not parsed for
positioning anymore.
2. Full use of TikZ keyval features.
3. White background is not filled anymore: now the network can be drawn
on a background picture as well.
4. Several new components added (logical ports, transistors, double bipoles,
).
5. Color support.
6. Integration with siunitx.
7. Voltage, american style.
8. Better code, perhaps. General cleanup at the very least.
version 0.1 First public release (2007).
56
Index of the components

adc, 18
afuse, 11
ageneric, 9
american and port, 26
american controlled current source,
20
american controlled voltage source,
20
american current source, 12
american gas filled surge arrester, 14
american inductor, see L
american nand port, 27
american nor port, 27
american not port, 26
american or port, 26
american potentiometer, see pR
american resistor, see R
american voltage source, 12
american xnor port, 27
american xor port, 27
ammeter, 9
amp, 18
antenna, 8
asymmetric fuse, see afuse
coupler2, 26
csI, see controlled sinusoidal current
source
cspst, see closing switch
csV, see controlled sinusoidal voltage
source
currarrow, 29
cute inductor, see L
cvsourcesin, see controlled sinusoidal
voltage source
D*, see full diode
dac, 18
dcisource, 17
dcvsource, 17
detector, 19
Do, see empty diode
dsp, 18
empty diode, 13
empty led, 13
empty photodiode, 13
empty Schottky diode, 13
empty tunnel diode, 13
empty varcap, 13
empty Zener diode, 13
esource, 16
european and port, 27
european controlled current source,
20
european controlled voltage source,
19
european current source, 12
european gas filled surge arrester, 14
european inductor, see L
european nand port, 27
european nor port, 27
european not port, 27
european or port, 27
european potentiometer, see pR
european resistor, see R
european variable resistor, see vR
european voltage source, 12
european xnor port, 28
european xor port, 28
bandpass, 17
barrier, 14
battery, 12
battery1, 12
buffer, 29
C, see capacitor
capacitor, 15
cground, 7
circ, 29
circulator, 24
cisourcesin, see controlled sinusoidal
current source
closing switch, 17
controlled isourcesin, see controlled
sinusoidal current source
controlled sinusoidal current source,
20
controlled sinusoidal voltage source,
20
controlled vsourcesin, see controlled
sinusoidal voltage source
coupler, 26
fd op amp, 28
fft, 18
57
full diode, 13
full led, 14
full photodiode, 14
full Schottky diode, 13
full tunnel diode, 14
full varcap, 14
full Zener diode, 14
fullgeneric, 10
fuse, 11
pD*, see full photodiode

pDo, see empty photodiode
pfet, 22
pground, 7
phaseshifter, 19
photoresistor, see phR
phR, 11
piattenuator, 19
pigbt, 21
pigfetd, 23
pigfete, 23
pigfetebulk, 23
pjfet, 23
plain amp, 29
pmos, 21, 22
pnp, 21
polar capacitor, 15
pR, 10
push button, 17
generic, 9
gm amp, 28
ground, 7
gyrator, 26
highpass, 18
isfet, 23
isourcesin, see sinusoidal current
source
R, 10
rground, 7
rxantenna, 8
L, 15, 16
lamp, 9
leD*, see full led
leDo, see empty led
lowpass, 18
sD*, see full Schottky diode

sDo, see empty Schottky diode
sground, 7
short, 9
sI, see sinusoidal current source
sinusoidal current source, 16
sinusoidal voltage source, 16
spdt, 24
spst, see switch
square voltage source, 16
squid, 14
sqV, see square voltage source
sV, see sinusoidal voltage source
switch, 17
match, 8
memristor, 10
mixer, 24
Mr, see memristor
nfet, 22
nground, 7
nigbt, 21
nigfetd, 22
nigfete, 22
nigfetebulk, 22
njfet, 23
nmos, 21
npn, 21
tattenuator, 19
tD*, see full tunnel diode
tDo, see empty tunnel diode
tfullgeneric, 10
tgeneric, 9
thermistor, see thR
thermistor ntc, see thRn
thermistor ptc, see thRp
thermocouple, 11
thR, 11
thRn, 11
ocirc, 29
ohmmeter, 9
op amp, 28
open, 9
opening switch, 17
oscillator, 8
ospst, see opening switch
pC, see polar capacitor
58
thRp, 11
thyristor, 24
TL, 16
tline, see TL
tlinestub, 8
toggle switch, 24
Tr, see triac
transformer, 25
transformer core, 25
transmission line, see TL
triac, 24
twoport, 17
txantenna, 8
Ty, see thyristor
vC, see variable capacitor

VC*, see full varcap
vcc, 8
VCo, see empty varcap
vco, 17
vL, 15, 16
voltmeter, 9
vphaseshifter, 19
vpiattenuator, 19
vR, 10
vsourcesin, see sinusoidal voltage
source
vsourcesquare, see square voltage
source
vsourcetri, 16
vtattenuator, 19
vamp, 18
variable american inductor, see vL
variable american resistor, see vR
variable capacitor, 15
variable cute inductor, see vL
variable european inductor, see vL
varistor, 11
wilkinson, 24
zD*, see full Zener diode
zDo, see empty Zener diode
59

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CircuiTikZ

5 Not only bipoles

Index of the components

1.2 Loading the package

TikZ will be automatically loaded.

\tikz \draw (0,0) to[R=$R_1$] (2,0);

1.6 Incompatible packages

1.7 Introduction to version 0.3.0

1.8 Introduction to version 0.2.3

and you get (dont blame me)

Here is the list of all the options:

american: equivalent to americancurrents, americanvoltages, americanresistors,

Reference ground (rground)

Signal ground (sground)

Noiseless ground (nground)

Protective ground (pground)

Chassis ground4 (cground)

last three were contributed by Luigi Liverpool)

Receiving antenna (rxantenna)

Transmitting antenna (txantenna)

Transmission line stub (tlinestub)

last three come from Stefan Erhardts contribution of HF components

3.2.2 Basic resistive bipoles

Open circuit (open)

Generic (symmetric) bipole (generic)

Tunable generic bipole (tgeneric)

Generic asymmetric bipole (ageneric)

Generic asymmetric bipole (full) (fullgeneric)

Tunable generic bipole (full) (tfullgeneric)

Memristor (memristor, or Mr)

3.2.3 Resistors and the like

Variable resistor (vR, or variable american resistor)

Potentiometer (pR, or american potentiometer)

If instead europeanresistors option is active (or the style [european resistors]

Variable resistor (vR, or european variable resistor)

Potentiometer (pR, or european potentiometer)

Other miscellaneous resistor-like devices:

Photoresistor (phR, or photoresistor)

Thermistor (thR, or thermistor)

PTC thermistor (thRp, or thermistor ptc)

NTC thermistor (thRn, or thermistor ntc)

Asymmetric fuse (afuse, or asymmetric fuse)

3.2.4 Stationary sources

Single battery cell (battery1)

Voltage source (european style) (european voltage source)

Voltage source (american style) (american voltage source)

Current source (european style) (european current source)

Current source (american style) (american current source)

If (default behaviour) europeancurrents option is active (or the

3.2.5 Diodes and such

Empty Schottky diode (empty Schottky diode, or sDo)

Empty Zener diode (empty Zener diode, or zDo)

Empty tunnel diode (empty tunnel diode, or tDo)

Empty photodiode (empty photodiode, or pDo)

Empty led (empty led, or leDo)

Empty varcap (empty varcap, or VCo)

Full diode (full diode, or D*)

Full Schottky diode (full Schottky diode, or sD*)

Full Zener diode (full Zener diode, or zD*)

Full tunnel diode (full tunnel diode, or tD*)

Full photodiode (full photodiode, or pD*)

Full led (full led, or leD*)

Full varcap (full varcap, or VC*)