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Fig.1 Rotating blades of turbine helps in transforming thermal in fluid to mechanical energy
So series of such blade which eventually transform thermal energy are the most vital part of a
steam turbine. One of such rotor set is shown in figure below.
Fig.3 Fluid flow around airfoil cross sectioned blade induces a high pressure (P) and low
pressure(P) on blade surfaces
This pressure difference will induce a resultant force in upward direction, thus making
the blade rotate. So some part of fluid energy will get transformed to mechanical energy
of blade. Before analyzing energy transfer from fluid to blade, we will have a close look
at energy associated with a fluid.
Fig.4 Velocity and enthalpy variations across rotor and stator stages of a typical steam turbine
Where both enthalpy change and kinetic energy changes are defined across the rotor blade.
Fig.5 A typical impulse turbine rotor cross section and flow pattern
Here incoming flow stream hits the blade and produces and impulse force on it. Since enthalpy
across the blade does not change temperature will also remain same. There will be minor pressure
drop across the rotor, but this is almost negligible. Here energy transfer to the blade is purely due
to decrease in kinetic energy of fluid.