WAVECON

Filter Design Software

Parfil (Version 4.4) for Windows(TM) 95/98/NT/2000/XP/ME

P.O.Box 2697, Escondido, CA 92033 TEL(760) 747-6922 FAX: (760) 747-5270

Parfil designs twenty different coupled line and

transmission line RF/microwave filter types. All of
the parameters needed for filter construction are
computed. The program accounts for "T", cross,
via and step junction effects. Data is supplied in
tabular and graphical form for either English or
Metric units. The filter types are:
BAND-PASS COUPLED LINE FILTERS:

Half wave - parallel coupled three coupling types

Interdigital - three types of input/output coupling
Combline - two types of input output coupling
Hairpin - two types of input/output coupling
BAND-PASS TRANSMISSION LINE FILTERS:

End coupled half wave

Quarter wave shunt stub
Stepped Impedance
LOW-PASS TRANSMISSION LINE FILTERS:

Shunt stub series line

Shunt stub series line - Elliptic Response
Stepped Impedance
HIGH-PASS TRANSMISSION LINE FILTERS:

Gap coupled & open stubs

Quarter wave shunt stub

BAND-STOP FILTERS:

Narrow-band quarter wave coupled line

Wide-band quarter wave shunt stub
STRUCTURES:

Microstrip
Shielded Microstrip
Stripline
Suspended Substrate
Round Rod
Rods Coupled through
Septum or Aperture
Rectangular Bar
Coax (some Filters)

SEPTUM

DRAW CAPABILITY:

Creates HPGL or DXF file

Printed filter drawings on
these pages were created
directly from DXF files.
OTHER FEATURES:

Accounts for unequal phase

velocities in microstrip coupled lines
and effects of
frequency dispersion.

Multiple Windows
Frequency Response
Plots
Designs Flat Group
Delay Filters
Frequency Response
Numerical Output
Filter Layout
Provided

FILTER RESPONSE TYPES

Designs for Chebychev,

Butterworth or Flat Group Delay
responses may be computed for
any ripple and up to 17 sections.

MORE FILTERS WHICH MAY BE DESIGNED WITH Parfil

BAND-STOP NARROW BAND

TAPPED HALF WAVE PAR CPLD

TUNE CAPABILITY

A tuning screen may be accessed

to permit changing circuit
parameters such as even and odd
mode impedances or tap point
location.

STEPPED IMPEDANCE BAND-PASS TRANSFORMER HALF WAVE CPLD

TAPPED INPUT DESIGNS

Filter size may be reduced by

tapping directly into the input/
output resonators rather than
using parallel coupled line input/
output coupling.

INTERDIGITAL-OPEN INPUT/OUT LOW -PASS WITH ELLIPTIC ZEROS

VARY INTERNAL IMPEDANCE

This capability gives control over

line widths or rod diameters.

WIDE-BAND BAND-STOP

GAP COUPLED HIGH-PASS

COAX LOW-PASS FILTER

COMBLINE-SHORTED INPUT/OUT

SHUNT STUB BAND-PASS

HAIRPIN-PARALLEL CPLD IN/OUT

SPECIAL CAPABILITY for

ROUND ROD FILTERS

Round rod Interdigital or

Combline filters have additional
design choices as selecting equal
rod diameters, choosing side wall
or end wall distances.
FREQUENCY RESPONSE

Frequency response is computed

including loss, return loss, group
delay or S-Parameters. Also, a
Touchstone(R) S-Parameter file
may be created
GRAPHICS CAPABILITY

Frequency response or the

drawing of the filter may be
displayed on your monitor or
plotted with a variety of printers
or plotters or saved to a file. You
may also save to a Windows(T)
Metafile or create a bitmap on
your clipboard for pasting into
another document such as
Microsoft Word.
Windows95/98/NT/2000/XP/ME
The software supports all of the
above operating systems with
their features. It includes the
entire manual in the Help
command.

Vary Parameters and

See Results Immediately

WAVECON

Filter Design Software

Elliptic (Vers. 4.3) for Windows95/98/NT/2000/XP/ME

P.O.Box 2697, Escondido, CA 92033 TEL(760) 747-6922 FAX: (760) 747-5270
Low frequency
zero line.

Elliptic

designs eight different coupled line

filters with Elliptic type frequency response. all of
the parameters needed for filter construction are
computed. The program accounts for "T", cross,
and step junction effects. Data is supplied in tabular
and graphical form for either English or Metric
units. Two classes of filters having Elliptic-type
response characteristics may be designed. Flat
group delay filters may be designed but with
varying performance depending on the type of
filter.
CONVENTIONAL ELLIPTIC
First it designs four types of traditional Elliptic
filters illustrated in this page: the Half-Wave
Parallel Coupled, Interdigital, Combline and
Hairpin filters. For these filters, transmission zeros
are formed by adding two additional lines to the
array of lines comprising the filter. Zeros may be
selected to trap out any two frequencies. When
placed close to the filter passband edges a filter
characteristic is created which has much steeper
filter rejection at the band edges. However, the
return loss may be degraded.
CROSS-COUPLED FILTERS
Secondly it designs four types of filters known as
Cross-Coupled filters. These are designed by
lightly capacitively coupling a line to a more distant
line, e.g. coupling the first line to the fourth.

High freq
zero line
HAIRPIN COUPLED LINE ELLIPTIC FILTER

Elliptic zero line

Tuning capacitors at end
of lines.

MICROSTRIP COMBLINE ELLIPTIC FILTER

Rod for high frequency elliptic

zero.
Rod for low frequency
elliptic zero.
Also designs
coupled rod filters
separated by a septum
or aperture. Very useful
for narrowband filter designs.

Multiple Windows
Frequeny Response Plots
Elliptic Zero 'Notches'
Frequency Response
Numerical Output
Filter layout

Operation may be understood by considering a test

signal tuned in frequency from inside the filter
pass-band into its stop-band.
As the signal
frequency enters the stop-band its power level
decreases until it equals the power level due to the
power through the capacitively coupled path.
When the power level of the normal filter
attenuation path equals that of the capacitively
coupled path, if the phases are the same, the
powers will add and the resultant out-of-band
rejection will be degraded. If the two signals are
180 degrees out-of-phase, the power levels will
cancel. When cross coupling design is done
correctly, the
signals will cancel and an
attenuation 'notch' or 'notches' will appear at the
band edges. Note that as the signal frequency is
further moved away from center frequency, the
signal from the cross-coupled path will be larger
than that of the normal filter path. Thus, far out-ofband attenuation will be less than that of the
elliptic filter.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Cross-Coupled
vs. Elliptic Filters.
Advantages of Cross-Coupled filters: 1) permit
design of smaller filters, 2) tapped filters may be
built with this approach since no additional zero
lines are required next to the input and output lines,
3) A deeper attenuation 'notch' can be achieved
with lossy filters than is possible with Elliptic
filters. Disadvantages of the Cross-Coupled Filters
are: 1) attenuation notches can only be located at
the pass-band skirts of the filter. Elliptic filters can
be designed with attenuation zeros anywhere in
frequency. 2) stop band characteristics of the are
generally poorer than Elliptic filters.
STRUCTURES:
Microstrip
Shielded Microstrip
Stripline
Suspended Substrate
Round Rod
Rectangular Bar

ROUND ROD FILTERS

Round rod Interdigital or Combline filters have
additional choices as selecting equal rod diameters,
choosing side wall or end wall distances.Shown below
are examples of tapped interdigital and combline crosscoupled filters. Not shown are the parallel coupled
input/output coupling versions of the interdigital and
cross-coupled filters.
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
Frequency respomse is computed for loss, return loss,
group delay and S-Parameters.
cross-coupling capacitances
with interconnecting line.
Tuning capacitors
at end of lines.

COMBLINE CROSS-COUPLED FILTER

End wall absent
Cover not shown
for clarity.
for clarity.

Line tapping
input rod.

Aperture in dividing
wall coupling second
and second-to-last rods.
INTERDIGITAL CROSS-COUPLED FILTER

Accounts for unequal phase velocities

in microstrip coupled lines and
effects of frequency dispersion.
FILTER RESPONSE TYPES
Designs for Chebychev or Butterworth
and Flat Group Delay responses may
be computed for any ripple and up to
17 sections.
Cross-Coupled Interdigital
Filter with Flat Group Delay
TUNE CAPABILITY
A tuning screen may be accessed
to permit changing circuit parameters
Vary Parameters and
such as even and odd mode impedances or tap point location.
See Results Immediately

WAVECON Transmission Line Design Software

LineComp (Vers. 1.0) for Windows95/98/NT/2000/XP/ME
P.O.Box 2697, Escondido, CA 92033 TEL(760) 747-6922 FAX: (760) 747-5270

LineComp

analyzes or synthesizes eighteen

different single and coupled line transmission
lines. Data is supplied in tabular and graphical
form for either English or Metric units. These are:
SHIELDED MICROSTRIP has a metal
conductor strip plated on a dielectric sheet with a
bottom groundplane plated on the opposite side of
the sheet as shown below. The analysis/synthesis
may include a top shield if desired.
METAL SHIELD OR COVER
METAL CONDUCTOR STRIP
SHIELD DISTANCE
CONDUCTOR THICKNESS

OFFSET STRIPLINE consists of a single

conductor strip plated on a dielectric sheet suspended
between two groundplanes.
TOP GROUNDPLANE
METAL CONDUCTOR STRIP
GROUNDPLANE SPACING

DIELECTRIC THICKNESS
BOTTOM GROUNDPLANE

STRIP WIDTH

BROADSIDE STRIPLINE has a single conductor

strip oriented vertically with respect to the
groundplanes.
TOP GROUNDPLANE
METAL CONDUCTOR STRIP
GROUNDPLANE SPACING

DIELECTRIC THICKNESS
METAL GROUNDPLANE

STRIP WIDTH

STRIPLINE consists of a single conductor strip

sandwiched between two dielectric sheets with
groundplanes plated on the opposite sides.
TOP GROUNDPLANE
METAL CONDUCTOR STRIP
CONDUCTOR THICKNESS

STRIP WIDTH

GROUNDPLANE SPACING

STRIP WIDTH
BOTTOM GROUNDPLANE

SYNTHESIS/ANALYSIS MENU
A typical Analysis/Synthesis window
is shown on the right. Input physical
and electrical parameters are entered
on the left of the menu. Computed
parameters are on the right of the
window. A drawing of the line to be
synthesized/analyzed is also shown.
A top menu is provided for printing or
saving the window. You may also
select to include an optional title or
change the units to a variety of metric
or English units.
If desired you may plot the output data
over a range of values or print out a
numerical tabulation over a range of
values.

CONDUCTOR THICKNESS
BOTTOM GROUNDPLANE

ROUND ROD STRUCTURE consists of a single

rod between two groundplanes. A dielectric material
may fill the spaces.
TOP GROUNDPLANE

BOTTOM GROUNDPLANE

GROUNDPLANE SPACING

ROD DIAMETER

MORE LINES ANALYZED/SYNTHESIZED BY LINECOMP

COAX

SLOTLINE

COAX LINE OUTER DIAMETER

SLOT WIDTH

METAL GROUNDPLANE

COAX LINE INNER DIAMETER

WAVEGUIDE

COPLANAR LINE
DIELECTRIC
THICKNESS

SUSPENDED STRIPLINE
TOP GROUNDPLANE

TOP GROUND DISTANCE

LINE WIDTH

GUIDE WIDTH

DIELECTRIC
THICKNESS

GUIDE
HEIGHT
METAL CONDUCTOR

DESIGN FEATURES
Line Loss
The analysis computes
line loss and line Q for
both single and
coupled lines.
Eff. Dielectric Const.
Effective dielectric
constant is computed
for single lines. Even
and odd mode effective
dielectric constants are
computed for coupled
lines.
Help
The Help menu item
opens up the entire
manual for LineComp.
PLotting
Once the line or lines
characteristics have
been computed, the
line impedance(s) may
be plotted or displayed
numerically versus any
of the input parameters
as shown to the right.
Accuracy
Generally within 1%.
Where available, exact
solutions were used for
the analysis. Where
not available, analysis
such as Finte Element
analysis was done for a
large number of points
and interpolated

BOTTOM GROUND
DISTANCE

BOTTOM GROUNDPLANE

COUPLED STRIPLINES
TOP GROUNDPLANE
GAP
DIELECTRIC

LINE WIDTH

LINE THICKNESS
BOTTOM GROUNDPLANE

GROUNDPLANE
SPACING

COUPLED BROADSIDE LINES

TOP GROUNDPLANE
LINE WIDTH

SPACING

BOTTOM GROUNDPLANE

DIELECTRIC

GROUNDPLANE
SPACING

COUPLED COPLANAR LINES

GAP TO
TOP GROUND

DISTANCE TO
GROUNDPLANE

LINE WIDTH
LINE SPACING

DIELECTRIC
GROUNDPLANE THICKNESS

LINE WIDTH
DIELECTRIC
THICKNESS

GAP TO TOP
GROUND

DISTANCE TO
GROUNDPLANE

GROUNDPLANE

COUPLED MICROSTRIP
TOP SHIELD DISTANCE
GAP

LINE WIDTH

LINE THICKNESS
BOTTOM GROUNDPLANE

DIELECTRIC
THICKNESS

COUPLED OFFSET LINES

TOP GROUNDPLANE
DIELECTRIC

BOTTOM
GROUNDPLANE

GROUNDPLANE
SPACING
LINE WIDTH

OFFSET SPACING

COUPLED RODS WITH SEPTUM

TOP GROUNDPLANE ROD DIAMETER
DIELECTRIC
SEPTUM
SPACING
OPENING

BOTTOM
GROUNDPLANE

SEPTUM
THICKNESS

GROUNDPLANE

SPACING
CPLD SUSPENDED STRIPLINES

TOP SHIELD DISTANCE LINE WIDTH DIELECTRIC

THICKNESS
GAP

LINE THICKNESS
BOTTOM GROUNDPLANE

DISTANCE TO
BOTTOM GROUND

WAVECON Design & Analysis

Software

ProCAP (Version 1.0) for Windows(TM) 95/98/NT/2000/XP/ME

P.O.Box 2697, Escondido, CA 92033 TEL(760) 747-6922 FAX: (760) 747-5270

ProCAP is a comprehensive general nodal

analysis program for analyzing circuits commonly
used by RF/Microwave engineers.
ANALYSIS CAPABILITIES OF ProCAP
Complete Nodal Circuit Analysis.
Multiple Coupled Line Analysis.
Noise Analysis including Transistor.
Noise Circles.
Transducrer Input and Output Parameters.
Monte Carlo Sensitivity Analysis.
Optimization Capability.
Tune Capability.
Equation Capability.
Extensive Device Data Libraries.
Many Output Plots and Numerical Lists.

TRANSMISSION LINES in ProCAP

Transmission Line analysis and synthesis is
incorporated into the program by easy menu access.
When a transmission media is menu selected, the
circuit list automatically adds the selected media.
Media types available are:
Single and multiple coupled microstrip lines.
Single and multiple coupled striplines.
Single and multiple coupled rods.
single and multiple coupled suspended stripline.
single and two coupled co-planar lines.
single and two coupled offset striplines.
single and two coupled broadside lines.
coax
waveguide

coupled lines up to ten may be analyzed.

SYNTHESIS CAPABILITIES OF ProCAP Multiple
This capability is particularly useful for filter design

Transmission Line Analysis and Synthesis.

L-C Filter Synthesis.
Matching a One-Port.
Circuit Elements Window
Circuit List Window

and analysis including diplexers when used with the

companion program Parfil.

L-C FILTER SYNTHESIS

L-C Filter synthesis is also done by easy menu access
for Butterworth, Chebychev, and Bessel filters.

Menu Bar
Tune Windows
Multiple Output
Windows
Marker
Frequencies and
Values

A typical menu for bandpass

filter design is shown to the right
of this page

optimization. When optimization

is run, the program shows an error
at the bottom of the screen which
decreases as the circuit is
optimized. When done, the plotted
output and shows the final
performance and updates the
Circuit List.

TUNE CAPABILITY
Tuning a ciruit is done by placing
a ? mark prior to the element
value. When the circuit is
analyzed, a tuning box appears at
the top of the screen for up to
eight elements. For more than
eight elements a tuning window
may be accessed for tuning more
elements than eight..

EQUATE
The menu item Equate is for
setting two or more parameters
equal to another parameter or for
introducing an equation relating
parameters mathematically.

PLOT CAPABILITY
Two menus are available for
plotting both two and three-port
parameters. These include all of
the S-Parameters, Gain/Loss,
Noise Figure, Return Loss,
VSWR, Phase, Group Delay and
Voltage Gain
Log or Linear Scale
Parameters may be plotted using
either a linear or a log frequency
scale. The log scale is especially
useful for Op-Amp analysis.
S-CIRCLES
When a transistor is used with
noise parameters, noise circles
and transducer input and output
gain circles may be plotted.
SAVING PLOTS
Plots may be saved as metafiles
or selected into the clipboard as a
bitmap

COLORS
Colors for plots may be menu
selected for any set of colors with
white or black background.

ELEMENTS
More than 100 types of elements may
be selected for the widest variety of
designs. Most of the elements, found
in other general analysis programs
such as Touchstone(R), are also
provided in ProCAP

OPTIMIZATION
When an element has been selected
for tuning using ?, it may also be
varied under circuit optimization.
When the menu item Opt is selected
a menu appears for defining
optimization items, their frequency
ranges and weighting factors for

MONTE CARLO
A menu for Monte Carlo yield
analysis may be selected. The
results show the possible variation
in circuit performance for element
variations. Ranges for element
variations are menu selected.

UNITS
Units menu allows selection of
GHz, MHz, or KHz for Frequency.
Length may be selected in inches,
mils ,cm, or mm and Surface
Roughness in microns or
microinches.

NUMERICAL OUTPUTS
Numerical output listing may be
obtained for most parameters as
S-Parameters, Y, Z, ABCD, and
Impedance parameters for one,
two and three-ports.
1.228 GHz FILTER

APPROX /4
TRANSFORMER
OUTPUT
PORT 2
50
INPUT
PORT 1
50
OUTPUT
PORT 3
50

1.576 GHz FILTER

Diplexer Design Example:

Schematic Diagram

Diplexer S21, S11 S22, S31 & S33