Solved Examples on Flat Slab

Example(1)
The Given plan shows a general layout of flat slab .
Using the empirical method of analysis , it is required to
1. Design and draw details of reinforcement for the flat slab.
2. Design the Col. And check punching for C1&C2&C3.
3. Choose the max. allowed dimension for the opening
shows in plan and draw details of reinforcement.
DATA:

F.C=1.5 kN/m 2 &

No. of floor=4
Fcu=25 mpa

L.L= 6 kN/m 2
&
Height of floor=4.50 m
&
steel used 360/520

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 1 of 20

Solution
1- Design of flat slab
1. Concrete dimension
1. S lab:
L.L 6 kN/m 2

spacing6.0 m

use drop panel

(recommendation)

tsmin =15.0cm
L e (6.5+70)/2
=
= 18.75cm
36
36
L (6.5+7.5)/2
= I =
=17.5 cm
40
40

take

t s = 20.0 cm=200 mm

2. Col.
bmin = 30cm
H 450
=
=30 cm
15 15
L 750
= =
=37.50 cm
20 20
=

take (400*400)cm
3. Drop panel
t s 20
=
= 10.0cm = 100mm
2
2
L
6.0
Ld = s =
= 3.0m
2
2

td =

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 2 of 20

2. Loads
D.L=F.c + o.w
o.w=t save *25
10*3*3
=21.99mm
6.25*7.25
o.w=0.22*25=5.5 kN/m2
t save =20+

D.L=1.5+5.5=7.0 kN/m2
w u =D.L*1.4+L.L*1.6
w u =7*1.4+6*1.6=19.4 kN/m2

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 3 of 20

3. Calculation of B.M.D
Long direction
L1=7.50 m

L 2 =6.50 m

D=0.40 m

(w*L 2 )
*(L1 -2/3D)2
8
19.40*6.5
=
*(7.5-(2/3)*0.4)2
8
=824.70 kN.m

M0 =

*actual width of field strip = 3.50 m

*theoretical width of field strip =6.5/2=3.25 m

Correct the moment
actual width
theoretical width (L/2)
3.5
Mfieldcorrect=Mfieldcal*
(B design =3.50m)
3.25

MFieldcorrect=Mfieldcal*

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 4 of 20

*then correct moment of the column strip (B design =3.0m)

Mcolcorrect = Mcolcal + Mfieldcal - Mfieldcorrect

Short direction:
McolcL1=6.50 m

L 2 =7.50 m

D=0.40 m

(w*L 2 )
*(L1 -2/3D)2
8
19.4*7.5
=
*(6.5-(2/3)*0.4)2
8
= 706.70 kN.m

M0 =

Mcant.total =(w*L c 2 /2)*width of strip

= (19.40*22 / 2) * 7.50 = 291.0kN.m
Mcant.col. = 291* 0.75 = 218.25kN.m
Mcant.field = 291* 0.25 = 72.75kN.m

Ss

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 5 of 20

Mfieldcorrect=Mfieldcal*

4.5
3.75

(B design = 4.50 m )

Mcol.correct = Mcol.cal + Mfieldcal - Mfieldcorrect

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 6 of 20

4. Design of sections
1. Long direction

Strip

C.S

F.S

Sec

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

D(mm) B(mm) Mult(kN.m) C1

280
180
280
180
180
180
180
180

3000
3000
3000
3000
3500
3500
3500
3500

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

323.7
234
361
196.7
88.8
176.4
133.2
133.2

4.26
3.22
4.03
3.51
5.72
4.01
4.61
4.61

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

0.81
0.76
0.80
0.78
0.826
0.80
0.821
0.821

As/strip(mm2

3954
4735
4456
3382
1622
3386
2503
2503

As/m
(mm2
1318
1578
1485
1294
463
967
715
715

7 16
8 16
8 16
7 16
5 12
9 12
7 12
7 12

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 7 of 20

2. Short direction

strip

C.S

F.S

Sec D(mm)

B(mm) Mult(kN.m) C1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

3000
3000
3000
3000
4000
4000
4000
4000

0.82
07
0.81
0.79
0826
0.81
0.824
0.824

270
170
270
170
170
170
170
170

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

266.4
183.4
296.9
155.8
87.3
170
126.5
126.5

4.53
3.44
4.29
3.73
5.75
4.12
4.78
4.78

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

As/strip(mm2 As/m(
mm2)
3340
1113
3855
1285
3757
1252
3211
1070
1727
432
3438
860
2506
626
2506
626

7 16
7 16
7 16
6 16
5 12
8 12
6 12
6 16

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 8 of 20

5. Details of reinforcement:

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 9 of 20

6. Design of column & check punching

1. Design of column
A) Interior column (c 1)
Assume thicknessof roof slab = 20.0 cm , L.L = 2kN / m2 , F.C = 2kN / m2
wuroof = (0.2 * 25 + 2) * 1.4 + 2 * 1.6 = 13.0kN / m2
sec(1) :
Case(1) :
N = wuroof * L1 * L 2 + o.w
o.w = 0.4 * 0.4 * 4.5 * 25 = 18kN
Nu = 13 * 7.5 * 6.6 + 18 = 651.75kN
M = 0.00( fromslab )
Calculation of M buckling
K = 1.5
=

4.5 * 11.5
= 16.9
0.4

2 * b (16.9)2 * 0.4
=
= 0.057m
2000
2000

Madd (due tobuckling) = NU *

= 651.75 * 0.057 = 37m.kN
M
= 0.057m
N
e 0.057
=
= 0.1425 (useint eraction diagram )
t
0.4
e=

(fromcurves ) = 0.5%
min = 0.025 + 0.052 * max = 1.13
As =

1.13
* 40 * 40 = 18.08 cm
100
( use818 )

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 10 of 20

Case (2):
N = (D.L+0.5*L.L)*Area+o.w
N= (9..8+0.5*3.2)*7.5*6.5 + 18
N = 573.75 kN
M= 50%

M-VE of col. strip *ratio of stiffness

M = 0.5* 361.5*0.5 = 90.4 kN.m

Madd (due to buckling ) = Nu * = 573.75*0.057 =32.70 m.kN
M
123.1
=
= 0.215
N
573.75
e 0.215
=
= 0.538
(useint eraction diagram )
t
0.4
of uniform distributionof steelfor the sec tion

e=

NU
= 0.14
Fcu * b * t
Mu
= 0.077
Fcu * b * t 2

= 4
As = * Fcu * 10 4 * b * t
As = 4 * 25 * 10 4 * 400 * 400 = 1600mm2

Case (3):
N= 573.75 kN
M = 50% M veof col.strip * ratio of stiffness
M = 0.5 * 296.9 * 0.5
M = 74.23 m.kN
* * * * * * fromcase 1,2,3
As = 1808 mm2
As = 818

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 11 of 20

Sec (2)
Case (1):
Nu = 651.75+19.40*7.5*6.5 =1597.5 kN
M = 0.0 (from slab) +M add = 1597.5*0.057 = 91 m.kN
e
f 0.05
t
use interaction diagram

=6

Astotal =2400 mm2

Case (2):
N = 573.75 +(7*1.4+05*6*1.6 )= 1285.5kN
M= 90.4 (from slab) + Madd = 90.4 + 1285.5*0.057 =164.0 kN.m
from interaction curves
As total =3200 mm2

(critical)

(use 8 25)

Sec (3)
Case (1):
N = 573.75 +(7*1.4+05*6*1. Nu = 1597.5 + 19.4*7.5*6.5 +18 = 2561.25 kN
M = zero (from slab) + Madd
calculation of M add.
k = 1.5
4.5 * 1.5
= 13.5
0.5
2 * b (13.5)2 * 0.5
=
=
= 0.046m
2000
2000
Madd (due tobuckling ) = Nu * = 118m.kN
=

(Design using int eraction diagrams )

As total =2500mm2

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 12 of 20

Case (2)
N = 1285.55 +(7*1.4+0.5*6*1.6)*7.5*6.5
Nu = 1997.25kN
M =0.5*361.5*(

IL / HL
)
IU / HU + IL / HL

504
) = 128.20m.kN
504 + 404
M = 128.2m.kN (from slab ) + Madd .
M =0.5*361.5*(

= 128.2 + 1997 * 0.046 = 220kN.m

designof int eractiondiagrams
Astotal = 3125mm2

(critical )

(use 8 25 )

B) Edge Column (c2)

Sec (4)
N = 2*19.4*7/2*(3+3.250+13*7/2*(3+3.25)
N u = 1133.1 kN
M= 90% M-ve of col. strip *ratio of stiffness
M = 0.9*268.4*(

50 4
) =171.4 m.kN
50 4 + 40 4

M = 171.4 (from slab) + Madd

=171.4 + 1133.1*0.046
= 223.5 m.kN
designusin gint eractiondiagrams
Astotal =1875mm2
Asmin = min *b*t =

0.952
*500*5001=2380mm2
100

(use 8 22)

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 13 of 20

Corner column (c3)

C)

Sec(4)
Nu = 2*19.4*7/2*6/2+13*7/2*6/2
N u = 543.90 kN
M= 90% M-veof half col. strip *ratio of stiffness
50 4
) =103.4 m.kN
50 4 + 40 4
50 4
M2 = 0.9 * 0.5 * 238.4 * ( 4
) = 85.8m.kN
50 + 40 4
Madd (due tobuckling) = Nu * = 0.046 * 543.9 = 25m.kN

M1 = 0.9*0.5*323.7*(

* * * *it willbe de signedas sec tion subjected to double(M)

Nu
= 0.09
b*t*fcu
Mu
= 0.06
b*t*fcu
=3
= * fcu * 10 4 = 0.75%
min = 0.25 + 0.052 max
= 0..25 + 0.052 * 13.5

As total

= 0.952%
0.952
* 500 * 500 = 2380m m2
=
100

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 14 of 20

2. check punching
A) Interior column
Case (1)

QPunching =Ws *(L1 *L 2 -(c1+d)(c 2 +d))

Qp = 19.4*(6.25*7.25-(0.4+0.27)(0.4+0.27)) = 870 kN

qpunching =

Qpunching

Area
Area= 2d*((c1+d)+(c 2 +d))
Area=2*0.27*((0.4+0.27)+(0.4+0.27))=0.724 m2
870*1000
=0.72 m2
0.724*106
qcu p = the least of
qpunching =

qcu p =0.8(

f
*d
+0.2)* cu
c
b0

N/mm2

f
a
qcu p = 0.3116(0.5+ )* cu
b
c
qcu p 0.316

where

fcu
c

N/mm2

N/mm2

=4

int erior column

=3

edgecolumn

=2

corner column

b0 =perimeter of criticalsectionof punching

a,b= the short & thelong dimensionof column section
b0 = 4*0.87 =3.48m

qcu p =0.8(

f
4*270
+0.2)* cu
3480
c

qcu p = 0.316 (0.5 +1) *

qcu p =

Case (2)

fcu
c

=0.408 *
=0.474*
= 0.316*

qcu p = 0.316*

fcu
c
fcu
c
fcu
c

fcu
= 1.29 N/mm2
c

qpunching p qcu p
( safe )

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 15 of 20

QPunching =(D.L+0.5 L.L)*(L1.L 2 -(c1+d)(c 2 +d))

= (9.8+3.2*0.5)*(6.25*7.2-(0.4+0.27)(0.4+0.27))
= 511 kN
Q
qpunching = punching *1.15
Area
511*1000*1.15
qpunching =
= 0.812 N/mm2
6
0.724*10
qcu p = 0.316 *

fcu
= 1.26 N / mm2
c

qpunching p qcup
(safe)

B) Edge column (c2)

Qp = 19.4*(3.5*6.25-(0.4+0.27/2)(0.4+0.27)) = 416.9 kN
Area=d(c1 + d) + 2d(c 2 + d / 2) = 0.47m2
qpunching =

Qpunching

* 1.3
Area
416.9*1000
qpunching =
*1.3=1.153 N/mm2
6
0.47*10
b0 = 2(c 2 + d / 20 + (c1 + d) = 1.74m
qcu p = the least of
qcu p =0.8(

f
3*270
+0.2)* cu
c
1740

qcu p = 0.316(0.5+1)*

fcu
c

N/mm2 = 0.532
N/mm2

qcu p =
qcu p 0.316
qpunching

fcu
c
p

fcu
c

= 0.474

fcu
c

= 0.316

fcu
c

= 1.29 N/mm2
qcup
( safe )

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 16 of 20

C) corner column (c3)

Qpunching = w s *(L1.L 2 /4-(c1+d)(c 2 +d))
= 19.4*(3.0*3.5-(0.535*0.535) = 198 kN
Area=d((c1 + d / 2) + (c 2 + d / 2)) =
= 0.27 * (0.535 + 0.535) = 0.29m2
qpunching =

Qpunching

* 1.5
Area
198*1000
qpunching =
*1.5=1.024 N/mm2
0.29*10 6
b0 = (c 2 + d / 2) + (c1 + d / 2) = 1.10m

qcu p =0.8(

f
2*270
+0.2)* cu
1100
c

qcu p = 0.316(0.5+1)*

fcu
c

N/mm2 = 0.553
N/mm2

qcu p =
qcu p = 0.316
qpunching

fcu
c
p

fcu
c

= 0.474

fcu
c

= 0.316

fcu
c

= 1.29 N/mm2
qcup
( safe )

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 17 of 20

7. Opening & Details of RFT

Max. Allowed dimension :
This opening is in the intersection of 2 field stirps
So we can choose max. dimension 0.4*L

Opening Dimension is

(3.0 *2.6 ) m

X direction

712 / m'* 2.60 = 18.2 12 = 18.2 * 1.12 = 2038mm2 = 918

Y direction

512 / m'* 3.0 = 15 12 = 15 * 1.12 = 1680mm2 = 916

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 18 of 20

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 19 of 20

Structural Eng. Dep.

Ain Shams University

D. M. Nabil
E. Reham Eltahawy

Reinforced Concrete II
Third Civil Year
Page 20 of 20