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Contents
lWodution
.......................................................................................2
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Asaiat in the selection of the most economical cast-in-place concrete floor system for
a given plan layout and a given set of Ioady
Pricing Trends
too
Sa
Sa
70
m
cost ~
Indsx
4a
30
20
TJ_L_
iwo
?960
tern
ieao
two
coat
Comperiaona
The majority of the structural cost of a building typically is the cost of the floor system. This
is particularly true of low-rise buildings and
buildings in low seismic zones. Therefore, it is
imperative to select the most economical floor
system.
for Different
.
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Table lRelative
Construction
ALABAMA (BIRMINGHAM)
ALASKA (ANCHORAGE)
ARIZONA (PHOENIX)
ARKANSAS (LlllLE ROCK)
CALIFORNIA (LOS ANGELES)
CALIFORNIA (SAN FRANCISCO)
COLORADO (DENVER)
CONNECTICUT (HARTFORD)
DELAWARE (WILMINGTON)
WASHINGTON, D.C.
FLORIDA (MIAMI)
GEORGIA (A~NTA)
HAWAll (HONOLULU)
IDAHO (BOISE)
ILLINOIS (CHICAGO)
INDIANA (INDIANAPOUS)
lOWA (DES MOINES)
KANSAS (WICHITA)
KENTUCKY (LOUISVILLE)
LOUISIANA (NEW ORLEANS)
MAINE (PORTU4ND)
MARYLAND (BALTIMORE)
MASSACHUSElT8
(BOSTON)
MICHIGAN (DETROIT)
MINNESOTA (MINNEAPOUS)
MISSISSIPPI (JACKSON)
MISSOURI (ST. LOUIS)
MONTANA (BILUNGS)
NEBRASKA (OMAHA)
NEVADA (MS VEGAS)
84.0
127.9
91.9
84.5
112.0
126.0
83.5
lW.1
1CCI.3
95.4
89.9
89.7
111.1
83.3
101,8
97.6
eu.7
88.8
88.3
88.6
89.8
98.1
115.6
108.9
S9.4
61,0
101.6
%?.1
88.6
104.6
0.6
ao
aQ
!30.3
104.9
91.5
126.9
84.5
80.8
107.3
95.3
89.4
101,0
107.2
1D3.6
100.8
80.2
82.2
87.6
87.8
91.7
8a. 1
83.3
101,6
97.4
97.3
87.4
100.2
100,0
99.0
109.8
105.5
101.5
0.4
W/b
m
0.2
30
20
0_
fw
10
t
Ieaa
la
fM7
Im#
1969
fw
la84
1985
1888
1988
Bars in Place
Publication List
1987
Book Contents
1988
Concrete
1890
Concrete floor systems offer inherent tire resistance. Therefore, when the floor system is
completed, no additional protective measures
are necessary in order to achieve code required
tire resistance ratings.
flat skb
t
1984
1985
198.S 1987
1988
1989
1990
These additional costs associated with protecting the structural framing members must be
added to the cost of the structural frame to
produce an accurate cost estimate. If this is not
done, the actual cost of the competing floor
system is understated, makkrg a valid comparison with a concrete floor system difficult, if not
impossible.
Presentation of Results
The following pages provide discussion and
quantity estimates for the five floor systems.
These results were obtained using a five bay by
five bay structure. Bay sizes are measured from
centerline of column to centerline of column.
Floors were designed using ACI 318-89 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete. Concrete, reinforcing steel and formwork
quantities are presented for each of the floor
systems. An overview of the floor systems is
provided, following the discussion of the floor
systems,
Included with each floor system is a discussion of the factors that may affect the estimated
quantities. The factors discussed are column
dimensions, live loads, and aspect ratios. A cost
breakdown is also given in each case. Following
the discussion for each individual floor system
are several tables and graphs. The graphs show
the variation in costs for increased bay size and
higher concrete strength. The tables give quantities for various bay sizes.
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The cover for an individual bar is the minimum cover between the surface of the bar and
the fire-exposed surface of the structural member. When more than one bar i:]used, the cover
is assumed to be the average of the minimum
cover to each bar, where the cover for comer
bars used in the calculation is one-half the actual
value. The actual cover for an individual bar
must be not less than one-half the value shown
in Table 3, nor less than 3/4 in. IForbeam widths
between tabulated values, use direct interpolation to determine minimum cover.
for
Mhimum slab
thickness (in.)
or fire-resistance rating
Floor
Construction
Material
Aggregate
Concrete
Carbonate Aggregate
Siliceous
hr
1 hr
2 hr
3.5
5.0
6.2
7.0
3.2
4.6
5.7
6.6
2.7
3.8
4.6
5.4
2.5
3.6
4.4
5.1
Concrete
Sand-lightweight
Concrete
Lightweight Concrete
7
210
1
3/4
3/4
3/4
3/4
3/4
3/4
3/4
3/4
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DATA
SPAN LENGTH:
DIMENSIONS:
PracticalRange
= 15 ftt030ft
Wmomicul Range = 15 ft to 25 fl
ADVANTAGES:
DISAOVANZAGES:
Required fire resistance rating Maimed without additio&l corrcrtte thickness or o~herpmtcctive mea-sums
DISCUSSION
forcing quantity.
Also, the minimum code-prescribed slab thickness is independent of the concrete
strength f& A higher strength concrete will increase
the cuat of the concrete without any allowable reduction in qusntity. Therefore, for normal loading conditions (live loads of 50 paf or less), the most
economical flat plate floor will he the one with the
minimum allowed tfrickneas and an f: of 4000 psi.
SkdJ Thickness
Floor slab thickness for flat plates under normal
loading conditions (live loada of 50 paf or less) is
usually corrtrokd by deflection considerations. The
Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Cmrcrete (ACI 318-89) Table 9.5 (c)requires that the slab
thickness for flat plate floors without edge beams he
greater than one-tldrtieth of the span length (for
Grade 60 reinforcing steel) and no less than 5 in.
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Aspect R@o
The aspect ratio is defined as the larger dimension of
the slab panel divided by the smaller dimension of
the slab panel. As previously discussed, the flat plate
slab thickness is controlled by the span length. For
a building with square bays (aspect ratio = 1.0), the
slab thickness requirement is the ;same for both directions. A slab with an aspect ratio other than 1.0
will have a different thickness requirement in each
direction. Obviously, the larger of the two is used,
resulting in a loss of economy. Fnr example, a bay
with 625 aq ft of floor area and an a.s~ct ratio of 2.0
will cost 20% more than a square bay with the same
floor area. Unless column layout is dictated by
functional requirements, square ba:ys should be use~
since they will provide the most economical layouts.
Column cross-sectional dimensiom will determine the clear span between the column faces. The
bending momenta are determined using this clear
span length. The shear resisting properties are also
related to the column cross-sectional dimensiofrs. A
larger column width or depth will result in a larger
shear carrying capacity of the slab. In the analyses
of this publication, the column cross-sectional dimensions for the different bay widths were chosen
to represent the column sizes used in 10- to 20-story
buildings. If a structure has a column width and
depth considerably different from those used in the
tables, adjustments should be made. The required
adjustment is made by using the same forrnwork and
Cost Breakdown
The formwork costs for flat plates represent approximately 50% of the floor system cost. Concrete
material, placing and finishing account for 30% of
the cost. The remaining 20% is the material and
placing cost of the reinforcing steel.
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.ive
Load = 50 psf
0.5
0.45
cost
0.4
Index
,n
0.3 1
20
15
30
25
Bay
Size
ft
Slab
Thickneea
in.
Square
Column
Size (in.)
15X15
6.0
14
0.50
2.20
1.0
15x20
7.5
18
0.63
1.95
1,0
15x25
9.5
0.79
2.51
1,0
15x30
12.0
22
1.Cxl
3,CQ
1.0
20X20
7.5
20
0.63
2.12
1.0
20x25
9.5
22
0.79
2.55
1.0
20.30
12.0
24
1SW
3,18
1.0
9.5
26
0.79
2.76
1.0
25x30
12.0
30
1CO
3.22
1,0
30XXJ
12.0
32
1.CiJ
3.50
1,0
25
25
Concrete
(ft3/f?)
QUANTITIES
Reinforcement
(psq
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Forme
(f?/f+)
Live Load
Superimposed
0.5
Dead
Load
.100
psf
=20
0.45
fc .5000
cost
Index
psl
0.4
0.35
0.3
30
25
20
15
Bay
Size
it
Slab
Thickness
in.
Size (in,)
:
km
%%
15X15
7.0
14
0.58
2.24
1,0
15X20
8.5
18
0.71
2.44
1.0
15x25
10,0
22
0.85
2.89
1.0
15X30
12,5
24
1.04
3.52
1,0
2Qxm
9.5
22
0.79
2.48
1.0
20.25
11.0
24
0.92
3.01
1,0
2Qx3a
13.5
26
1.13
3.63
1.0
25
11,0
28
0.92
3.22
1.0
25x3CI
13.5
32
1.13
3.70
1,0
3QX2KJ
14,0
34
1.17
4.cKl
1,0
25
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psi
rn
nl
DATA
DIMENSIONS:
SPAN LENGTH:
Pmcticd Raoge
Economical Range
= 15tlt030ft
= 18 R to 30 ft
ADVANTAGES:
DLSADVANZAGES:
Reauircd fire reaistancc rating obtained without rrdditioiiaf concrete thickness or O-&r protective measures
story
heighta
DISCUSSION
mal loading conditions, ths nccura in spans over 25
ft. For span Iengtha larger than 25 ft, the flat slab can
be more economical than the flat plate. When spana
exceed 35 f~ other systems become more economical than the flat slab or the flat plate floor system.
Flat slabs are typically economical for heavily
loaded short and rrrcdirrm spans, or possibly when a
relatively flat ceifirrg is required for medium to long
GenerrrlDiscusaon
spmrs.
panels
10
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Aspect Rotio
Square bays (aspect ratio = 1.0) represent the most
economical floor layout, since minimum thickness
based on deflection requirements can be exactly met
in both directions. A rectangular bay with an aspect
ratio of 1.5 is 870 more expensive than a square bay
with the same fleer area.
Cost Breokdinvn
The formwork costs for the flat slab are approximately 51% of the floor system costs. Concrete
material, placing and finishing account for 3070 of
the cost. The remaining 19% is the material and
placing cost of the steel reinforcing.
face. Analysis should be performed with the minimum drop depth of 2.25 in. If this proves to be
inadequate, the next larger suggested
should be considered.
drop depth
of the floor
height mrder normal loading conditions. If the structure has columns widths and depths different fmm
those shown in the tables, adjustments should be
made by increasing the steel reinforcing quantities
by three-quarters of 1% for each 2 in. demeuse in
square column dimensions. The qrrarrtities should be
decreased by the same amount for each 2 in. increase
in square column dimensions.
Live LoodEffects
The material quantities required for a flat slab are
typically controlled by deflections. Therefore, an
increase in live loads will not cmrxe a proportional
increase in costs. Alive load of ltXl psf increases the
total cost of a flat slab fleer system by an average of
10% over that of the same system carrying a live load
of 50 pf.
11
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0.5
0.45
rc = 6000psi
fc = 5000psi
cost
Index
fc = 4000 psi
0.4
0.35
3s
30
25
20
Bay
Size
l?
Slab
Thi::ess
20.233
7.0
2Qx25
8,5
20X34)
10.5
20.35
12.0
25X 25
8,5
Drop Size
Dimpions
Thii;kneea
7x7
Square
Column c~ncrat~
Size (in.)
(ft3/f#)
QUANTITIES
ReinfOr~ement
(I@
Forms
(f?/f?)
2.25
0,61
2.04
1.01
2.25
22
0.73
2.35
1,01
10X7
4.25
24
0.92
2.78
1.02
12x7
4.25
30
1.04
3.29
1.02
814 ~ 81/2
2.25
26
0.73
2.54
1.01
81/9
25x30
10.0
8172X1(J
4.25
30
0.87
2.78
1.02
25x35
12.0
81,$X12
4.25
32
1.04
3.36
1.02
30X30
10.0
10X1O
4.25
32
0,87
3.02
1.02
30X85
12.0
lox
12
4,25
36
1.04
3.51
1.02
35x35
12.0
12X 12
4,25
38
1.04
3.82
1.02
12
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Book Contents
0.55
0.5
fc . Sooo psi
cost
Index
tc = 5000psi
o.&
psi
t-c .4000
0.4
0.35
20
25
30
35
Thi$taas
Dimpions
Thi:kneaa
Column
c~ncr~e
ReinfOr~emeX
Forms
(f?/f?)
1.01
1.02
~~
20X30
20X35
25
25x35
12,0
25
25.30
10.5
10.0
12.0
12x7
f31z x
8.5
10x7
J31~
30X35
12.0
10X12
12.0
0.75
3.02
12x12
32
34
0.87
1,04
1.02
3.37
28
4.25
10
4.25
lox
0.92
3.86
I 8V2X12
10.0
1.04
4.25
26
32
4.25
I 8VZX 10
34)X30
35x35
4.25
1.02
3.41
1.02
4,WI
1,02
1.02
4.25
34
0.87
386
6.25
38
1.06
4.02
6.25
40
1.0+5
13
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1,02
Book Contents
4.50
DATA
DIMENSIONS:
SPAN LENGTH:
Practical Range
Emnomical Range
= 15 ft to 40 i?
.25 ft to @ ft
ADVANTAGES:
DISADVANTAGES:
Attmctive ceiling
DISCUSSION
and 5 ft joist spacings.
The ACI Building Code
Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 31889) section 8.11.3 restricts the clear diafance between
joista to a maximum of 30 in. (which correspmds to
a 3 ft joist spacing). If the clear spacing exceeds this
value, the floor system mrrat be designed aa a beamstrpported slab system, rather than as a joist system.
Both systems have the same design requirements,
except for a smaller reinforcing cover and a 10%
increase in the allowable shear stress permitted for
the joist system.
General
A one-way joist floor system consists of evenly
spaced concrete joista spaming in one direction. A
reinforced concrete slab is cast integral with the joists
to form a monolithic floor system. Reinforcing
bars
are located at the top or bottom of the joista, depending on the sense of the bending moment. The slab
has reinforcement at mid-depth in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the joista. This steel allows
the slab to span bctwcerr the joists, though the amount
of steel required for temperature and shrinkage typically controls. The one-way joists frame into beams
that span between the cohrmaa, perpendicular to the
joists.
Floor System
The members that form a complete one-way joist
system are the slab, joista, interior beams and spandrel beams.
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The slab tldckrreas is controlled by either stnrctural or fire resistance considerations. A 5 in. thick
slab was used in the design of the one-way joists of
th~ section. Thii thickness gives a two hour fire
rating and is sufficient to span between the joists.
This publication considers only normal weight
concrete for the flcmr systems. But it shordd be noted
that since the slab thickness may be controlled by
tire-resistance, a lightweight concrete may have
aume advantages, bccarrae a two hour fire resistance
rating is met by a considerably thkrrrer slab. This will
also result in a sizable dead load reduction.
Joist OrieWon
Joists should preferably span in the shorter direction,
and the supporting beams in the longer direction in
rectangular bays, to achieve maximum economy.
This is not crucial for bays with aspct ratios less
than 1.5, since the cost differential is typically leas
than 1%. For baya with aspi?ct ratios between 1.5
and 2.0, orientation of the joists in the short direction
can result in cost suvings of as much as 5%
The dirnensionx of the joists depend on both deflection and strcsa considerations.
The minimum
depth of the slab plus joist to aatiafy deflection
constraints is gNen in Table 9.5(a) of ACf 318-89.
This table prescribes a minimum slab thickrrcax plus
joist depth of at least the span length divided by 18.5.
The span length for members not built irrtegrully with
supports is defined in section 8.7 of ACI 318-89.
The span length is defined as the lexser of the clear
span plus the depth of the joist or the distance between suppurt centerlines.
The maximum span
lengths for a 5 in. thick slab in combination with
various joist depths arc listed below. Thcxe span
lengths are as defined in .S@ion 8.7 of ACI 318-89
and are not the clear spans. After satisfying deflection criteria, a joist width is chosen (5 in., 6 in., or 7
in.). The joists are then designed for bending moments and shear forces.
Joist
Depth
(in.)
Live LoodEffects
Material quantities are to a large extent controlled by
deflection constraints. An increase in live loads does
not have a proportionate impact on cost. Alive load
of 100 psf increases the total cost by less than 570
over the cost of a one-way joist system designed for
a live load of 50 psf.
Maximum Span
Length
(ft)
20
10
23
Aspect ROtJ-O
12
26
14
29
16
32
The aspect rutio has a minimal effect on the qrmrtities for the one-way joist system for aspect ratios less
than 1.5.
20
39
Cod Breukdown
Spandrel and interior beam depths are dictated by
the thickness of the slab plrrsthejoist depth, to reduce
formwork costs. The requirement of a level soffit
results in wide, shallow beams referred to as joist
15
Publication List
Book Contents
3 ft Module
Live Load =50 psf
Superimposed Dead Load =20 psf
Slab Thickness = 5 in.
05 ~
fC = 6000
pSi
0.45
rc = 5000 psi
cost
Index
0.4
20
25
30
35
40
0.3s
Square
Bay
Size
ft
Rib
Depth
in,
Rib Width
in,
Beam
Width
in.
Square
Column
Size (in.)
Bay Size
n
Concrete
(ft/fP)
QUANTrrlES
Reinforcement
psf
Pan Forms
%
20X2U
25
20
0.59
1,45
89
2Qx25
39
22
0.62
1.67
84
2UX30
59
24
0.85
1.77
79
20X35
10
58
30
0.71
1.91
79
2QX40
12
60
32
0,78
1.93
79
25X 25
10
34
26
0.64
1,89
87
25x30
10
49
30
0.67
1.98
83
25x35
12
53
32
0.73
2.02
83
25X 40
14
42
34
0,76
1.42
86
30X30
14
35
32
0.73
2.03
68
343 X3.5
14
49
36
0.76
2.23
85
30X40
14
66
38
0.80
2.46
82
35x35
16
46
38
0.82
2.48
87
35.40
20
45
40
0.92
2.52
88
40x 40
2U
50
42
0.92
2.83
88
16
Publication List
Book Contents
3 ft Module
Live Load = 100 psf
Superimposed Dead Load =20 psf
Slab Thickness = 5 in.
0.5
fC= 6000 pSf
fc
0.4s
cost
Index
5000 psi
rc .4000 psi
0.4
0.35
20
Bay
Size
R
Rib
Depth
in.
25
30
Square Bay Size
n
35
Beam
Rib Width
in.
kWdth
in.
Square
Column
Size (in.)
Concrete
(ftif?)
40
QUANTITIES
Reinforcamenl
paf
Pan Form
%
2QX20
34
22
0.62
1,86
65
20x25
53
24
0.66
2.03
79
20.30
10
56
26
0.71
2.09
79
233X35
12
57
32
0.77
2,13
79
20X40
14
61
34
0.65
2.16
79
25X 25
12
33
26
0.69
2.08
87
25x30
12
49
32
0.73
2.29
83
25x35
14
54
34
0.79
2.36
82
25x40
16
58
36
0.87
2.53
81
30 X2J3
14
44
34
0.77
2.48
85
30X35
2U
38
36
0.89
2.36
88
30.40
.20
40
40
0.90
2.52
86
35x35
20
40
40
0.68
2.79
88
35X40
42
42
0.92
3.CO
86
40x 40
.233
44
44
0.95
3.38
65
17
Publication List
Book Contents
II Module
~e Load = 50 psf
Jperimposed Dead Load = 20 psf
ab Thickness = 5 in.
0.4s
fC= 6000 pSi
psi
rc .5000
rc .4000 psi
cost
Index
04
0.35
20
Bay
Size
fr
30
Square Bay Size
n
25
Rib
Depth
in.
Rib Width
in.
Beam
Width
in.
Square
Column
Size (in.)
20 X.2CI
16
20
.23x25
16
22
2QX30
16
X3X35
16
20.40
Concrete
(ft/f?)
40
35
QUANTITIES
Reinforcement
Ff
Pan Forms
k
0.70
1.25
92
22
0.71
1.38
91
24
24
0.72
1.43
30
WI
0.75
1.58
88
16
37
32
0.77
1.77
85
25X 25
16
26
26
0.70
1.55
91
25x3JJ
16
30
30
0.72
1,71
80
25x35
16
33
32
0.73
1.87
88
25X 40
16
44
34
0.77
2.00
86
30X30
16
32
32
0.71
2.00
90
30X35
16
38
36
0.73
2.20
88
30X40
16
51
36
0.77
2.33
85
35x35
20
38
38
0.80
2.30
93
35X40
41
40
0.81
2.50
69
40X40
44
42
0,82
2.80
89
18
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Book Contents
5 fi Module
Live Load = 100 psf
Superimposed Dead Load =20 psf
Slab Thickness = 5 in.
0.45
fC = 6000 pSi
fc = 5000 psi
cost
Index
~#
m ,
. m
0.35
20
30
25
Square Bay Size
ft
Bay
Size
ft
Rib
Depth
in.
Rib Width
in.
Beam
Wkfth
in.
2QX2U
16
22
22
20x25
16
24
2QX30
16
20X25
16
2QX40
Square
Column
Size (in.)
Concrete
(ft3/ft)
QUANTITIES
Reinforcement
m
Pan Forms
%
0.71
1.41
91
24
0.72
1.55
93
26
26
0.73
1.73
89
3-5
32
0.77
1.86
66
16
47
34
0.62
2.06
83
25X 25
16
28
28
0,72
1.91
%3
25x30
23
32
32
0.81
1,84
89
25x3.5
34
34
0.82
2.03
88
25x40
Xl
39
36
0.s5
2.30
87
30X20
20
34
34
0.s0
2,23
89
30X35
20
3a
88
0.82
2.45
88
20X40
20
45
40
0.84
2,56
86
19
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Book Contents
DATA
DIMENSIONS:
SPANLENGTH:
Practical Range
Fxonomical Range
= 15 ftt040fr
.35 ft to 40 ft
ADVANTAGES:
DISADVANTAGES:
Attractive ceiling
Discussion
General
A two-way joist system consists of evenly spaced
reinforced concrete joists spanning in both directions. A reinforced concrete slab is cast integral with
the joists to form a monolithic floor system. Reinforcing bars are located at the top or lmttom of the
joista, depcndirrg on the sense of the bmrding moment. The slab has reinforcing bars at mid-depth to
allow the slab to span between the joists, though the
amount of steel required for temperature and shrinkagestrcsaes typically controls.
The perpendicular orientation of the joists results
in evenly spaced square voida on the underside of the
slab (which is the reason why the system is often
referred to ss a waffle slab). These voida, which
20-
Publication List
Book Contents
have the same design requirements, with the exception of a artraller reinforcing cover and a 10% increase in the allowable shear stress permitted for
joists. The results for the 5 ft domes are shown in
tfria section, although this system is not considered
by ACf to be a joist system.
JOixt
Depth
(in.)
5 fl Mndufe
Joist
Thickncm
(in.)
14
16
20
24
Floor System
8
8
8
8
Maximum Clear
Span Length
(ft)
34
37
43
52
,% described previously, the slab thickness ia cmrIn the tables of quantities for this section, the
pmcentsge of dome formwork is shown in the last
column. Ms reprexenta the percentage of the floor
area which will require domes for forrrrwork.
trolled by either structural or fire resistance conaiderationx. A 5 in. thick slab was used in the dexign of
the two-way joista. This thickrress was chosen tu
provide a two hour fire rating, and more than met the
structural requirements.
The thickness should be
adj uated as required, to obtain the applicable fire
resistance rating.
The standard joist widths for two-way joist systems rraing 3 ft and 5 ft domes are 5 in. and 8 in.,
respectively. With the slab thickness controlled by
fire resistance requirements and the joist width controlled by indnatry starrdarda, the only geometric
variable to be determined ia the joist depth.
Joist
Depth
(in.)
8
10
12
14
16
3 it Modufe
Joist
ThiCkncss
(in.)
6
6
6
6
6
Aspect Ratio
Square bays (aspect ratio = 1.0) represent the most
economical floor layorr~ since deflection control requirements are exactly met in both directions. A
rectangrdarbay with an aspect ratio of 1.5 is 5% more
expensive than a square bay with the same floor area.
Maximum Clear
Span Length
(ft)
Cost Breukabwn
The formwork costx for two-way joist systems are
approximately 54% of the floor system coats. Con.
crete material, placing and finishing account for 28%
of the cost. The remaining 18% is for material and
placing costs of the reinforcing steel.
27
30
34
38
41
21
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Book Contents
) fl Module
.ive Load = 50 psf
hperimposed
rC = 6000 /)S/
0.5
fk.
5000 psi
cost
r%=
Index
4000 psi
0.4s
Bay
Size
n
30
Square Bay size
n
25
20
Rib
Depth
in.
20X20
20.25
2UX30
Solid Head
Size
rt
Square
Column
Size (in,)
Concrete
(ft/#)
40
35
QUANTITIES
Reinforcement
@
Dome Forma
/.
xl
0.73
2.28
82
81/9~ 101A
22
0.73
2.58
82
10
81,4 ~ 121A
24
0.81
2.85
82
23X35
14
81A x 141,4
0.97
3.19
82
20X40
16
81,4 ~ 161,+
32
1,06
3.58
82
101/2x 1ol~
26
0.73
2.82
83
25x30
10
lol~ x 1214
30
0.81
3,03
63
25x35
14
10W x 14V2
32
0.97
3.22
83
25X 40
16
lol~ x 161A
34
1.06
3.52
83
30X30
10
121,+ x 121A
32
0.61
2.96
83
30X35
14
121,4 x 141,+
36
0.97
3.25
83
30X40
16
121,+ ~ 161A
39
1,06
3.58
83
35x35
14
1414 x 1414
38
0.97
3.56
83
35X40
16
141~ . 161A
40
1.26
3.97
83
40x 40
16
161A x 161+
42
1,06
4.18
S3
25 X 25
81A
x 81/9
22
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Book Contents
3 ft Module
Live Load = 100 psf
Superimposed Dead Load =20 psf
Slab Thickness = 5
0.55
tb = 6000psi
fc = 50U0psi
cost
Index
0.5
my
Size
rt
Rib
Depth
in,
Solid Heed
Size
n
Square
Column
Siza on.)
Concrete
81A ~ 81/4
22
81A x lol~
40
35
30
Square Bay Size
n
25
20
QUANTITIES
Reinforcement
@
Dome Forme
/.
0.73
2.48
82
24
0.73
3.15
82
(ft3@
2U X20
20x25
20X30
10
81/9 ~ 121/9
26
0.81
3,50
82
2Q X35
14
81A ~ 141/42
32
0.97
3.72
82
20X40
18
81/9 ~ 161,4
34
1.06
4.10
82
lly~
28
0.73
3.42
83
25 X 25
~ lol~
25x30
10
1ol~ ~ 121,+
32
0.81
3.81
83
25x35
14
lol~
~ 141/9
0.97
3.78
83
25X 40
16
lol~
~ 1614
36
1.C6
4.24
83
30X30
10
121A ~ 121A
34
0.81
4.00
83
30.35
14
1,314 ~ 141/9
38
0.97
3.93
83
30X40
16
121/9 ~ 161/$
40
1.CKr
4.29
83
35x35
14
141A -q 141A
40
0.97
4.26
83
35X40
16
ll~x161~
42
1.06
4.53
83
40X40
16
44
1.06
4.98
83
161,4 ~ 161/9
23
Publication List
Book Contents
in.
j ft Module
.ive Load = 50 psf
Superimposed Dead Load = 20 psf
Slab Thickness = 5 in.
0.55
I
cost
Index
0.45
20
-.
25
-
30
35
..
40
Square-Eay S/ze
ft
Bay
Size
n
Rib
Depth
in.
Solid Head
Size
ft
Square
Column
Size (in.)
2QX2U
14
101,+ ~ ~ol~
2fJ
0.!32
2.74
72
20x25
14
lol~ ~ 101,+
22
0.s0
2.70
77
Z) X30
14
lol~ , lol~
24
0,90
2.77
81
2QX35
16
lol~
~ 151/9
30
0.98
3.01
76
.23 X40
20
lol~
)( 151,+
32
1.12
3.40
79
25X 25
14
lol~
~ lol~
26
0.30
2.40
82
25x30
14
lol~
~ 101A
0.90
2.74
65
25x35
16
fol~
~ 151A
32
0.9s
3.13
S1
25X 40
101~ ~ 151,4
34
1.12
3.29
83
30X30
14
lolfi
32
0.93
2.94
87
30X35
16
11)1~ y. 1514
36
0.9s
3.26
84
30.40
2U
101+ ~ 1514
3s
1.12
3.54
84
35x35
16
1514 ~ 151,4
38
0.98
323
35X40
151/9 ~ 151,9
4(3
1.12
3.43
82
40x
151/$ )( <51,+
42
1.12
3.66
85
40
~ lol~
Concrete
(ft/f?)
QUANTITIES
Reinforcement
psf
24
Publication List
Book Contents
Dome Forms
Y.
5 ft Module
Live Load = 100 psf
Superimposed Dead Load =20 psf
Slab Thickness = 5 in.
0.6
0.55
cost
Index
0.5
20
25
30
Square Bay Size
n
35
40
Bay
Size
ft
Rib
Depth
in.
Solid Head
20X35
16
lol~ )( 151A
32
0.98
3.51
76
20.40
20
11)1~
151A
34
1.12
3.70
79
25 X 25
14
lIJIA ~ lol~
28
0.90
2.76
82
25x3CI
14
101A ~ lol~
32
0.90
3,04
65
25x35
16
101,+ ~ 1514
34
0.96
3.53
61
25X 40
lol~
~ 151/9
36
1,12
3.91
83
30X30
14
101,+ ~ 101+
34
0.943
3.34
87
30X35
16
lol+
~ 151A
38
0,98
3.51
84
30X40
lol~
)( 151,4
40
1.12
3.S73
84
35 X3.5
16
151zX
151,4
40
0.98
3.84
80
35X40
20
151fix
151A
42
1.12
3.96
82
40X40
151/9 ~ 151+
44
1.12
4.26
65
::)WF
2S
Publication List
Book Contents
DATA
SPANLENGTH:
Practical Rarrge
Ecmromical Range
DIMENSIONS:
= 15 ftt040ft
.25 ft to 40 tl
ADVANTAGES:
DISADVANTAGES:
DISCUSSION
Floor System
(0.8 + A)
h-t.
/, (0.8+ A)
h=
(9-11)
( 0.8+ A)
h-t.
36+9p
(9-13)
36
length of clear span in long direction of twoway construction, meaaured face-to-face of
columns in slaba without beams and face-toface of beams or other supports in other cases.
(9-12)
25
Publication List
Book Contents
Equations
9-11,
illktmted below
70
&w
are graphically
2.4
S13
M
1.0
2.5
_
30
2.6
EqQ-11,..=
//
<
2.7
+=;
9-13,
@
~
9-12,
20
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
I ,8
1.7
1.2
I .5
1.4
I ,3
I .2
!.1
!.
,
I,5
Aspect Ratio
Square bays (aspect ratio = 1.0) represent the most
economical flour layout, since deflection rwprirements can be exactly met in both directions.
A
rectangular bay with an aspsct ratio of 1.5 is on an
average 470 more expensive than a square bay with
the same tlcmr area.
2.0
[.9
1,e
17
!,6
[5
Breokdown
t.4
Cost
1,3
slabs are
of the ffnm system cmts. Ccmcrete material, placing and finishing account for 21 %
of the cost. The remaining 2570 is for material and
placing costs of the reinforcing steel.
af2p?OXi2S?t2tdy
$lvo
1,2
1.1
1.0
13
234567890
oh
Publication List
27
Book Contents
0.5s
fC = 6WOjJSl
0.5
#
cost
fc = 5000 psi
Index
0.45
0.4
15
20
30
25
Bay
Siza
ft
Beam
Squara
Depth
in.
Column
Size (in.)
Concrata
(ft3/f?)
QUANTITIES
Reinforcement
Forms
(f?m?
15X 15
5.0
10
14
0.46
3.50
1.15
15X2U
5.5
14
1s
0.55
3.29
1.23
15x25
6.0
16
0.88
3.41
1,17
15x31J
7.0
20
22
0.68
3.71
1.16
20 X.ZO
6.0
14
23
0,57
3.54
1.17
20x25
7.0
is
22
0.72
3.59
1.17
.20.30
9.0
20
24
0.83
4.23
1.16
70
18
26
0.67
3.86
1.18
25x30
9.5
2U
30
0.89
4.70
1.17
30X30
9.0
20
32
0.s5
5.07
1.17
25X 25
Slab
Thickness
in.
2s
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Book Contents
0.6
0.s5
cost
Index
0.45
0.4
15
20
25
30
Bay
Size
ft
Slab
Thickness
in.
Beam
Depth
in.
Sqluare
Column
size (in,)
Concrete
(ftif?)
QUANTITIES
Reinforcement
Paf
Forms
(#/ft)
15X15
5.0
10
14
0.46
4,15
1.15
15X20
5.5
14
118
0.55
3.63
1.23
15x25
6.0
18
22
0,60
3.91
1.22
15X30
7.0
20
:14
0.66
4.33
1.16
20x20
6.0
14
22
0.57
4.35
1,16
20x25
7.0
18
:14
0.69
4.08
1.17
20X30
9.0
26
0.83
5.23
1.18
25
7.0
18
:!8
0.68
4,78
1.19
25x30
9.5
32
0.89
5.51
1,17
30 X2JI
9.0
20
34
0.67
6.12
1.19
25
29
Publication List
Book Contents
General Discussion
This section provides overall comparisons of the
economics of the various fkmr systems discussed in
this publication. It provides a summary of the factozs
that may influence the costs of cast-in-place concrete
floor systems. These factors include column dimensions, live loads, aspect ratios and proper detailing.
A few other aspects that have an influence on economy are also discussed.
Concrete Strengths
Concrete strengths of 4000 psi, 50@ psi, and @OO
psi were used in this publication.
Cost analysis
shows that for gravity loads, 4000 pi concrete is
more economical than higher concrete strengths.
Overall Comparisons
Cost Breakdown
Four figures that compare the economics of the different structural floor systems considered are prn-
Repetition
A cost efficient design utifizes repstitiorr. Changes
should be minimized from floor to floor. Changing
column locations, joist spacing, or the type of floor
system increases the cost of forrnwork, time of corrstrrrction and the chance of field mistakes, and therefore should be avoided.
Column Dimenmons
Column-Beam
Intersections
Dimennons
Live Loads
The material quantities for the floor system are typicall y controlled by deflections rather then stresses.
Irrcreusing the live load from 50 psf te ltM paf onfy
resulted in a 4~o to 10% increase in the floor system
cost.
Aspect Ratro
3tl
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-l
TT
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Book Contents
Ne Load = 50 psf
superimposed Dead Load = 20 psf
~ = 4000 psi
0.9
0.8
0.7
cost
Index
Owway joist
0.6
(wi&
0.5
0.3 I
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
, , -
25
40
35
dab
Two-nay
50
Publication List
Flat
50
45
Flat P1.te
Twc-wy
20
S!abandkm
---,
15
m-dk)
Book Contents
(wi&
joist
joist
modk?)
Live Load.
100 ps
0.8
t
me
. . . .
FM
pl.te
FM
,kb
-.
20
25
30
Square
35
40
45
[wide
50
Say Size
n
15
30
25
30
35
40
45
33
Publication List
Book Contents
Tw..wq
Tw.w.y
15
way pi.,
50
joist
joist
m.adub]
4000ps
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