Dynamometer: Introduction and Types: Free PH Theory Guide

Dynamometer: Introduction and Types
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A dynamometer is a device used for measuringthe torque and brake power required to operate a driven machine.
Dynamometers can be broadly classified into two types. They are:
1. Power Absorption Dynamometers: Power Absorption dynamometersmeasure and absorb the power
output of the engine to which they are coupled. The power absorbed is usualy dissipated as heat by some
means.
Examples of power absorptiondynamometers are Prony brake dynamometer, Rope brake dynamometer,
Eddy current dynamometer, Hydraulic dynamometer, etc.
2. Power Transmission Dynamometers: In power transmission dynamometers the power is transmitted to the
load coupled to the engine after it is indicated on some type of scale. These are also called torque meters.
Some of the different types of dynamometersare discussed below in brief.
Prony Brake Dynamometer:

Pony Brake is one of the simplest dynamometer formeasuring power output (brake power). It is to attempt tostop the
engine by means of a brake on the flywheel and measure the weight whichan arm attached to the brake will support, as
it tries to rotate with the flywheel.
Built Up Edge
Steam Locomotive Train
Flow of Water in Pipes c
Electricity using Lucid P
Distinction between Wo
Energy
Single Point Cutting Too

and Tool Signature
Comparison of Machini
Prony Brake
Lathe Machine: Parts, O
The Prony brake shown in the above consists of a wooden block, frame, rope, brake shoes and flywheel. It works on the
principle of converting power into heat by dry friction. Spring-loaded bolts are provided to increase the friction by
tightening the wooden block.
The whole of the power absorbed is converted into heat and hence this type of dynamometer must the cooled.
The brake power is given by the formula
Air-cooling System in R
Engine
Defects in Heat Treatme
Brake Power (bp) = 2 NT
Where, T = Weight applied (W) distance (l)
Rope Brake Dynamometer:

The rope brake as shown in below figure is another device for measuring brake power of an engine. It consists of a
number of turns of rope wound around the rotatingdrum attached to the output shaft. One side of the rope is
connected to a springbalance and the other side to a loading device. The power is absorbed in frictionbetween the
rope and the drum. Therefore drum in rope brake requires cooling.
http://me-mechanicalengineering.com/dynamometer-introduction-types/
2016/04/21
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Animation
Casting
Heat
Lubricant
Modern Machining Process

Thermodynamics Cycles
Vehicle
Rope Brake
Rope brake dynamometers are cheap and can be constructed easily but brake power cant be measuredaccurately
because of change in the friction coefficient of the rope with change in temperature.
The brake power is given by the formula
Brake Power (bp) = DN (W S)
where, D is the brake drum diameter,

W is the weight of the load and
S is thespring balance reading.
Eddy Current Dynamometer:

The working principle of eddy current dynamometer is shown in the figure below. It consists of a stator on which are
fitted a number of electromagnets and a rotordisc made of copper or steel and coupled to the output shaft of the
engine. Whenthe rotor rotates eddy currents are produced in the stator due to magnetic flux setup by the passage of
field current in the electromagnets. These eddy currents aredissipated in producing heat so that this type of
dynamometerrequires somecooling arrangement. The torque is measured exactly as in other types ofabsorption
dynamometers, i.e. with the help of a moment arm. The load ininternal combustion enginetesting is controlled by
regulating the current in the electromagnets.
Eddy Current Dynamometer
The following are the main advantages of eddy current dynamometers:

1. High brake power per unit weight of dynamometer.
2. They offer the highest ratio of constant power speed range(up to 5 : 1).
3. Level of field excitation is below 1% of total power being handled bydynamometer, thus, they are easy to
control and operate.
4. Development of eddy current is smooth hence the torque is alsosmooth and continuous under all
conditions.
5. Relatively higher torque under low speed conditions.
6. It has no intricate rotating parts except shaft bearing.
7. No natural limit to size, either small or large.
Hydraulic Dynamometer:
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Hydraulic dynamometeras shown in the figure below works on the principle of dissipatingthe power in fluid friction
rather than in dry friction.
Hydraulic Dynamometer
In principle hydraulic dynamometerconstruction is similar to that of a fluid flywheel.
Hydraulic dynamometer consists of an impeller or inner rotating member coupled to theoutput shaft of the
engine.
Impeller in this dynamometer rotates in a casing filled with a fluid.
Due to the centrifugal force developed in the outer casing, tends torevolve with the impeller, but is resisted
by a torque arm supportingthe balance weight.
The frictional forces generated between the impeller and the fluid are measuredby the spring balance fitted
on the casing.
The heat developed due to dissipation of power in Hydraulic dynamometer is carried away by acontinuous
supply of the working fluid.
The output power can be controlled by regulating the sluice gates which canbe moved in and out to
partially or wholly obstruct the flow of waterbetween the casing and the impeller.
Absorption Dynamometers:
Transmission dynamometers are also called torquemeters. They mostly consist of a set ofstrain-gauges fixed on the
rotating shaft and the torque is measured by the angulardeformation of the shaft which is indicated as strain of the
strain gauge. Afourarm bridge is used to reduce the effect of temperature and the gauges arearranged in pairs such
that the effect of axial or transverse load on the strain gauges isavoided.
Transmission Dynamometer
Above figureshows the transmission dynamometer which employs beams and strain-gaugesfor a sensing
torque.Transmission dynamometers measures brake power very accurately and are used where
continuoustransmission of load is necessary. These are mainly used in automatic units.
Types
2016/04/21
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RELATED ARTICLES & COMMENTS
I find the dynamometer very fascinating. Ive always wondered how you can
check your brake power. There are so many different types. Is there a type of
dynamometer that is better for measuring the torque or brake power?
http://www.pwrtst.com/dynamometer-products
GRACE TURNER
Feb 1, 2016 7:52 pm Reply
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2016/04/21

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Free pH Theory Guide

Get an electronic Guide on pH measurement. By METTLER TOLEDO.