08/05/2016

BoneMarkings:SkeletalSystem
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HumanBody
StudySection
HumanBodyIndex
HealthGlossary
MoreaboutBonesandthe
SkeletalSystem:
HumanSkeleton
AxialandAppendicular
Skeleton
TheStructureand
FunctionsofBones
TypesofBones
BoneMarkings&Features
onBones
DisordersoftheSkeletal
System
CurvatureoftheSpine
TypesofJoints
Specificbones:
SkeletalStructuresofthe
HeadandNeck
VertebralColumn
ScapulaBone
ArmBones
HandBones
SkeletalStructuresofthe
HandsandFeet

GlossaryPages
Bones(Arms&Hands)
Bones(Head&Neck)
Bones(Legs&Feet)

Chemistry

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BoneDisorders

BoneonBoneKnee

Thefollowingtermsusedtodescribebonemarkingsorfeaturesonbonesareinalphabeticalorderwithshortdefinitions:
Word/Term

Meaning/Description

Typeof
bone
marking

Example(s)

(BoneMarkingor
Feature)

1.

Angle

Acorner

Featureof
shapeofbone

Inferiorangle(lower)andsuperiorangle(upper)are
theroundedanglesor"corners"ofthescapula.

2.

Body

Themainportionofabone

Thediaphysisoflongbonessuchasthehumerus.

3.

Condyle

Roundedbumporlargerounded
prominence.Suchroundedsurfaces
usuallyfitintoafossaonanotherboneto
formajoint.

Process
formsjoints

Themedialcondyleofthefemur(bone),upperleg.

4.

Crest

Moderatelyraisedandthereforeprominent
borderorridge.Suchcrestsareoftensites
foramuscleattachment.

Process
attach
connective
tissues

Theiliaccrestoftheilium(bone),whichispartofthehip.

5.

Diaphysis

Shaft(mainsection)ofalongbone

Thelongstraightsectionsofe.g.thehumerus,fibula,tibia
andfemur.

6.

Epicondyle

Bumpnearacondyleoftengive
appearanceofa"bumponabump"for
muscleattachment

Process
attach
connective
tissues

Themedialepicondyleofthehumerus,whichislarger
andmoreprominentthanthelateralepicondyle(ofthe
humerusbone).

7.

Epiphysis

Theendpartofalongbonewhichusually
hasalargerdiameterthantheshaftpartof
thebone(whichiscalledthediaphysis).

Articularpart
(ends)oflong
bones.

Theproximalepiphysis(shoulderend)andthedistal
epiphysis(elbowend)ofthehumerusbone.

8.

Facet

Asmoothflatarticularsurface.Suchflat
surfacesmayformajointwithanother
facetorflatbone.

Process
formsjoints

Facets(surfaces)ofspinalvertebrae,e.g.thesuperior
articularfacetsofcervicalvertebrae.

9.

Fissure

Long,cracklineholeforbloodvesselsand
nerves

Channellike
cleftorcrack

Thetympanomastoidfissure(alsoknownasthe
auricularfissure)separatesthetympanicportionofthe
temporalbonefromthemastoidportionofthetemporal
boneandcarriestheauricularbranchofthevagusnerve
throughthebonestructure.

10. Foramen
(pl.foramina)

Roundholethroughwhichbloodvessels,
nervesorligamentspass.

Hole

Theforamenmagnumoftheoccipitalboneatthebase
oftheskull.
Alsovertebralforaminainthevertebraeofthespine.

11.

Ashallowdepression(thewordsuggests
"ditch"or"trench").Suchdepressionsin
thesurfaceofbonesoftenreceiveanother
articulatingbonewithwhichajointis
formed.

(Shallow)
depression

Themandibularfossaofthetemporalbone,forming
partoftheskullbehindtheear/s.

12. Head

Aroundedprojectionthatformspartofa
joint(incombinationwithafittingpartofan
adjacentbone)andisseparatedfromthe
shaftofthesamebonebyanarrowportion
(usuallycalleda"neck").

Process
formsjoints

Headofthefemuratthetopofthefemur(bone),upper
leg.

13. Line

Similartoacrestbutnotraisedasmuch
mayberelativelyfaint

Superiortemporallineandinferiortemporallineon
theoutersurfacesofeachoftheparietalbonesofthe
skull.

14. Margin

Edgeofaflatboneorflatportionofthe
edgeofaflatarea

Thesupraorbitalmarginontheexternalsurfaceofthe
frontalboneformstheupperboundaryofthebaseofthe
orbit(approxlocatedontheuppersurfaceoftheeye
socketstowardsthelateralsidessoupperrightofright
eyeandupperleftoflefteye).

15. Meatus
(pl.meati)

Atubelikeopeningorchannelextending
withinabone.

Channel
throughbone

Externalauditorymeatusofthetemporalbone,forming
thepartoftheskullbehindtheear.

16. Neck

Asectionofbone(esp.oflongbones)
betweenthe"head"andthe"shaft"ofthe
bone,the"neck"ofaboneisanarrowed
portion,usuallylocatedatthebaseofthe
"head"ofthebone.

Neckofthefemurbelowthetop"head"ofthefemur
(bone),upperleg.

17. Notch

AVlikedepressioninthemarginoredgeof
aflatarea

Articulatory
surface

Theradialnotchoftheulna(innerboneofthelower
forearm)isanarrow,oblong,articulardepressiononthe
lateralsideofthecoronoidprocessitarticulateswiththe
headoftheradius(outerboneofthelowerforearm).

18. Process

Araisedareaorprojection

Process
attach
connective
tissues

Thevertebraehavetransverseprocess(es)and
spinousprocess(es)whichare,ingeneral,more
pronouncedthelowerthepositionofthevertebraedown
thespine.

Fossa
(pl.fossae)

HumanBody&

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StanleyH.BlockMD,Car

19. Ramus
(pl.rami)

Curvedportionofabone,likearam'shorn.

Curved
surface

Theinferiorpubicramusandthesuperiorpubic
ramusarefeaturesofthelowerpartofthepelvisbone.

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20. Sinus

Cavitywithinabone

Cavity

Thesphenoidalsinusesarethesemiopenareas
enclosedbythesphenoidbonethatactasdrainsfrom
thenasalcavity.

4DMasterTransparen

21. Spineor
Spinousprocess

Similartoacrestbutraisedhigherasharp,
pointed,slenderprojection.Suchsharp
raisedprojectionscalledspinesareoften
sitesformuscleattachment.

Process
attach
connective
tissues

Thespinousprocessesofvertebrae,whichtogether
formthe"spine"(backbone).

22. Sulcus
(pl.sulci)

Groove,creviceorfurrow.Suchelongated
depressionsmayaccommodateablood
vessel,nerveortendon.

Channellike
depression

Sigmoidsulcusontheinnersurfaceofthemastoid
portionofthetemporalbone(s)whichformpartofthe
skull(behindtheears).

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Benin,WestAfrica11Feb
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facialexpressions11Feb

Textbooks

HumanSkullBone

Bonemarkingsandthefeaturesofbones(includingthecorrectwordsusedtodescribethem)areoftenrequiredbyfirstlevel
coursesinhumananatomyandassociatedhealthsciencesubjects.Itisimportanttobefamiliarwiththeterminologyusedto
refertobonemarkingsinordertocommunicateeffectivelywithprofessionalsinvolvedinhealthcare,research,forensics,and
relateddisciplines.

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foundinNewZealand8Mar
PublichealthnursingintheUK
3Mar

Glossary

BoneMarrow

BoneMarkings/FeaturesonBones

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http://www.ivyroses.com/HumanBody/Skeletal/BoneMarkings.php

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08/05/2016

BoneMarkings:SkeletalSystem

Jan

StudyAidsaboutBonesand
theSkeletalSystem:

23. Trochanter

24. Tuberosity

25. Tubercle

Largebluntbumplikeprojection(larger
thanatuberosity,whichisinturnlarger
thanatubercle)

Process
attach
connective
tissues

Onlyonehumanexample:thegreatertrochanteratthe
topofthefemur(bone),upperleg.

Largeroundedoroblongprojectionthat
maylooklikearaisedbump.Such
rounded/oblongprojectionscalled
tuberositiesareoftensitesformuscle
attachment.

Process
attach
connective
tissues

Thedeltoidtuberosityofthehumerus(bone),upper
arm.

Smalltuberositythatmayalsobedescribed
asaroundnoduleorwartyoutgrowth.

Process
attach
connective
tissuescan
alsoform
articular
surfaces

Thenonarticularpartofeachribtubercleattachesto
theligamentofthetubercle.

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MichaelD.Johnson(Pape

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Note:Thistablelistsbonemarkingsandfeaturesonbonesinalphabeticalorder.Itisanumberedlistbecausesomepeoplefinditeasierto
remembersetsofinformationbyalsorememberinghowmanyofeachtypeofitemtheyhavetorecall.

Thisistheendofthispageaboutbonemarkingsandthefeaturesonbones.Seealsohowmanybonesinthehumanbody,
thestructureandfunctionsofbones,cranialandfacialbones,bonesofthefeetandhandsandskeletaldisorders.

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