Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2-Definition of Family
3-Function of family
4-Tyeps of family
5- Definition of family violence (Domestic violence)
6-Historitical back ground
7-Forms of family violence
8-Factors impacting on the likelihood and severity of
family violence
9- Vulnerability group violence
10-Family violence against children
11-school violence
12- Mistreatment of elders
13-Level of prevention: Crisis intervention and family
violence
14- Methods of crisis intervention and role of
Community Health Nursing in caring for families in
crises.
Objectives
*At the end of this lecture the participant
should be able to :
Define Family
Define the family violence.
Identify forms of family violence.
Determine signs of family violence.
Identify methods of crisis intervention.
Introduction
Family violencebehaviour that controls or dominates a family
member and causes them to fear for their own or another
persons safety or wellbeingis a fundamental violation of
human rights and is unacceptable in any form, any community,
or any culture.
Family violence can occur in all kinds of families, and in family
relationships extending beyond intimate partners, parents,
siblings, and blood relatives. It includes violence perpetrated
by older relatives, by younger family members, or against a
same-sex partner, or from a carer towards the person they are
looking after.
Family violence extends beyond physical and sexual violence
and often involves emotional or psychological abuse and
economic abuse. It can involve overt or subtle exploitation of
power imbalances and may consist of isolated incidents or
patterns of abuse over a period of time. There is family
violence in all areas of society, regardless of victims or
perpetrators location, socioeconomic and health status, age,
culture, gender, sexual identity, ability, ethnicity or religion.
However, while anyone can be a victim or perpetrator of family
violence, it is most likely to be committed by men against
women, children and other vulnerable people. The impacts of
violence on women and children can be profound. In some
cases family violence ends in death; in others, it can result in
physical harm, disability, mental illness or other serious health
problems. Family violence can affect many other aspects of
wellbeingincluding housing security, employment prospects
and educational achievement. Children are always affected by
family violence, even if they do not see or hear it. For example,
Definition of family.
Function Of Family:
1- Socialization of child
2-Economic cooperation & division of labor
3-Care, supervision, monitoring, and interaction
4- Legitimizing sexual relations
5- Reproduction
6- Provision of status: Social - familial attributes
(SES, location)
Tyeps of family:
1-Nuclear family:
Husband and wife and their biological children.
2- Extended family:
Three or more generations of biologically related
individuals.
3-Single-parent family:
Mother or father, never married or now divorced,
and his or her biological or adopted children.
4-Stepparent family:
One divorced or widowed adult with all or some of
his or her children and a new spouse with all or
some of his or her children, and also any children
born to this union so that parents, stepparents,
children, and stepchildren (or stepsiblings) live
together.
5-Blended family:
One parent with all or some of his or her children
and a new spouse with all or some of his or her
children, and any children the parents have
together.
6- Adoptive family:
One or more nonbiological children raised by a
single adult or couple.
7-Grandparent family:
Children living in their grandparents home, with
their parents (extended family) or without them
(grandparents alone).
8-Gay/lesbian family:
Gay or lesbian partners and the biological or
adopted children of one or both partners.
9-Single state:
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
10-Patrifocal/patriarchal family:
Man has main authority and decision-making
power.
11-Matrifocal/matriarchal family:
Woman has main authority and decision-making
power.
Another definition:
An abuse of power perpetrated mainly (but not only) by men
against women both in relationships and after separation. It
occurs when one partner attempts physically or
psychologically to dominate and control the other. The most
commonly acknowledged forms are physical and sexual
violence, threats and intimidation, emotional and social abuse
and economic deprivation...For many indigenous people the
term family violence is preferred as it encompasses all forms of
violence in intimate, family and other relationships of mutual
obligation and support. (Australian Law Reform Commission and
New South Wales Law Reform Commission 2010, p.188).
Intimidation
Verbal abuse
Example
-Smashing things.
-Destroying possessions.
-Putting a fist through the wall.
-Handling guns or other weapons in the
presence of the victim.
-Using intimidating body language such as
angry looks, raised voice.
-Questioning the victim in a hostile way.
-Harassing the victim by making persistent
phone calls, sending text messages or emails,
following her, or loitering near her home or
workplace.
-Screaming, shouting, making put-downs,
Physical abuse
name-calling.
-Using sarcasm.
-Ridiculing the victim in public or private.
-Showing lack of consideration for the victims
physical comfort or safety (such as dangerous
driving).
-Pushing, shoving, hitting, slapping, choking,
hair-pulling, punching or using weapons.
-Destroying possessions.
(Note: acts are physically abusive even if they do not
result in physical injury).
Emotional abuse
Social abuse
Economic abuse
Sexual abuse
Controlling
behaviours
Spiritual abuse
Stalking
Spousal homicide
Risk factors
(for victims)
Pregnancy/new
birth
Depression/mental
health issue
Drug and/or alcohol
misuse/
Abuse
Risk factors
(for
perpetrators)
suicidal ideas or
tried to commit
suicide
Isolation
Explanation
Use of weapon in
most recent event
Access to weapons
Depression/mental
health issue
Toddlers
:Mistreatment of elders
-Elders may experience additional vulnerabilities and
discrimination. For example, as they age, elders often
experience:
Shrinking social and friendship networks.
Reduced access to information.
Loss of economic power and access to resources.
Frailty or physical dependency, or the expectation or fear of
frailty.
Poor or limited housing options.
Signs of elders abuse:
-Bruises, pressure marks, broken bones, abrasions, and burns
may be an indication of physical abuse, neglect, or
mistreatment.
:Level of prevention
Before the Problem Starts: Primary Prevention
The goal of primary prevention is to intervene before the
health or social problem occurs by removing the cause or
preventing the development of risk factors associated with the
problem.
- To date, the vast majority of primary prevention initiatives
for DV have involved some type of educational strategy which
is often school-based.
-Safe Dates, an adolescent dating violence prevention
program, is an example of an educational strategy that has
been evaluated. Eighth and ninth graders who participated in
Safe Dates reported less sexual and physical dating violence
perpetration and victimization and the reduction in violence
persisted four years after students had completed the program
compared to students who did not receive the intervention.
-The conceptual framework for Safe Dates is that changing
norms associated with partner violence, decreasing gender
stereotyping, and improving conflict management skills will
prevent the perpetration of dating violence.
-It is important to note that primary prevention does not have
to be limited to risk factors or problems that increase the risk
of victimization or perpetration. -Primary prevention
strategies can focus on protective factors.
However it is unlikely victim will present with a physical injury. They will
more likely present with issues such as:
a stress-related illness;
anxiety, panic attacks, stress and/or depression;
drug abuse including tranquilizers and alcohol;
chronic headaches, asthma, vague aches and pains;
abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea;
sexual dysfunction, vaginal discharge;
joint pain, muscle pain;
sleeping and eating disorders;
suicide attempts, psychiatric illness; or
gynecological problems, miscarriages, chronic pelvic pain.
Does the way your partner treats you ever make you feel unhappy or
depressed?'
I think there may be a link between your illness and the way your
partner treats you. What do you think?'
How to respond
The response of nurses to women in these circumstances can have a
profound effect on their willingness to open up or to seek help. Some
responses to assist successful communication in these circumstances
could include:
Listening
Communicating belief
'That must have been very frightening for you.'