PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF LEFT CEREBRAL INFARCTION

Modifiable risk
factor:
NONE

Non-modifiable risk factors:

Genetics: Family Hx of HPN
Age: 70
Race : Asian

peripheral insulin
Insulin does not bind into cell
membrane
Glucose cannot enter the cell
glucose in the bloodstream
-cells in the pancreas increases insulin secretion to
maintain balance between glucose and insulin in the
bloodstream
-cells become exhausted and
decreases insulin secretion
Balance between insulin and glucose is
disrupted
glucose in the bloodstream

FBS:
7.45 mmol/L

Body utilizes stored fats as food for the

cells

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Stored fats are converted into

glucose

Total Cholesterol (7.25

mmol/L)
Triglyceride (1.9 mmol/L)
LDL (5.1 mmol/L)

Waste products (lipids) in the conversion process are

secreted in the bloodstream
serum lipid in the

Plaque buildup in the

blood vessel wall

Lipid accumulate in the blood vessel

wall
Diameter of the blood vessel wall
narrows
Heart pumps harder
to meet bodys
O2demand
pressure exerted by
the blood on the blood
vessel
Baroreceptors detects the
decreased blood volume
Renin is secreted
Renin converts angiotensin to
angiotensin I
ACE in the lungs converts
angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Angiotensin II
causes
vasoconstriction
blood pressure

Hypertension

X-ray
Impression:
Atheromatous
aorta

blood flow through the blood

blood supply to the
kidney

blood supply to the

myocardium

Prolonged low blood

supply

SA node is damaged

permeability of
glomeruli
RBC
passes
through
the
RBCescape
into the
urine
Urinalysis:
RBC : 610/hpf

Atrial
fibrillation

Electrical impulse is
affected

Damage to
glomeruli

Cardiac rhythm is
altered

glomerular
filtration
urine
output

Blood Chemistry:
Creatinine (776.8
umol/L
Uric Acid (570
umol/L)

kidney
tubular
reabsorption
sodium
reabsorption
Na+ retains
fluid
Fluid
accumulates in
the interstitial
space
Edema +2

Irregular heart ryhtm

develops
Atheroma is dislodged
Embolus travels through
the blood vessel
Passes through the
internal carotid artery
Embolus reaches the Left
middle cerebral artery
carotid artery

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Embolus occludes the

vessel
Blood supply is
disrupted
O2 supply to brain cells is
diminished

CT Scan
Impression:
Left middle
cerebral artery
districution

Cells cannot proceed with aerobic

respiration
Mitochondria switches to
anaerobic respiration
Less ATP is produced
Less ATP to power
cellular activities
Membrane pump fails
Sodium and calcium ions will
rush into the cell

Glutamate will exit the

Cerebral cells begin to

die
Brocas area is affected

Damage to Left Frontal

Lobe
Level of Consciousness is
altered

Motor
control is
diminished

Control of
speech is
diminished

Sensory
perception
diminished

Damage to brain stem

Gag reflex is diminished
Gastric acid aspiration
Aspiration pneumonia

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Coma
Right sided
paralysis

Aphasia

Decreased
sensation

Productive Cough

LEGEND:
Disease
Process
Laboratory
Studies

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