CHAPTER ONE

1.0

INTRODUCTION

1.1

BACKGROUND STUDY
Information technology is able to facilitate the revolution of changes, which optimize

performance and profitability to institutions, organization and companies because it provides

solution to one of the key business barrier that is distance, time and difficulties associated
with crossing them or sharing them. Emergency of electronic processing of data and its
computer technologies has led to the death of bugs, errors and time wasting during
processing and computation of students result. Electronics data processing introduced
towards the end of 1934s has brought fundamental dangers in the way, so many things art
done, including the topic of this project and so many other things like product advertising,
information sharing, on-line computation, electronic data storage, electronic mail exchange,
to list but a few.
The computer science department in Benson Idahosa University, right from the inception of
this great institution; result processing has been manually processed. The manual system
employed is not very efficient, in that a lot of paper work has to be done which takes a
reasonable length of time to prepare. Due to the increasing number of students in computer
science department Benson Idahosa University, that has written the examination in the
school, results computation of the students CGPA has been a very difficult task. Therefore,
because of this problems and errors arising from such a system, a software-computerized
result processing system becomes inevitable;
the benefits accruable from the computer-based system cannot be over emphasized.

1. 2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The errors associated with the existing manual method of processing of students
results in most universities in Nigeria, including Benson Idahosa University, make it not
only desirable but imperative that computerized approach be used to the full in measuring
students progress. The manual methods being employed suffer a number of set-backs.
They make the process to be time-consuming and prone to error. They lead to examination
results being published late, sometimes with wrong grades being entered and students
grade point averages being

wrongly computed as a result, and ultimately leading to

wrong conclusions being arrived at on class of degree awarded. Some students could
end up with undeserved good class of degree, while others could be unfairly victimized,
bringing

about frustration and bad blood. The Departments concerned, and the whole

University, could become tarnished. The problem, therefore, that arises is to find a method
of processing examination results that would be sufficiently accurate and reasonably
timely. The software application

in

this research work is intended to bring relieve by

providing for timely and accurate processing of students results using the processing power
of the computer. Historically, result computation and students data record management in
computer science department in the Institute of management and technology in Benson
Idahosa University has been affected by several factors based on the current manual
processing method used such as:

Loss of vital information relating to student result/ records

The time and labour involved in the student result computation of CGPA
Files and records not properly kept.
Miscalculation of students CGPA after graduation.
Difficulties involved in searching for a specified record
Wrong transcription and mutilations by accident or on purpose
Information is very insured and can be accessed by the wrong persons.
Insecurity of the result, which can be modified by unauthorized person/or access.
Use of filing cabinets makes retrieval of information very difficult.
Difficult of data sharing i.e. from HODs offices to exams and records.

1.3

AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY

Electronics data processing environment where information is processed using

computers system hooked on to a Network is more advantageous. Owing to this, therefore,

the aim of this study is directed towards developing a powerful computer application
program that will collapse the short-comings encountered in the students result processing
and data management in the great department of computer science in the institute of
management and technology Benson Idahosa University.
The main objective of this project is to provide a faster means of reducing some (or all)
the problem encountered during result computation and registration of student such as:
-

Errors due to over sight

Redundancies in record keeping

Errors in computation

Difficulties in sharing

Money time for duplication

Delay in computation

1.4

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

For the fact that we are awaking from one deplorable indifference to the studies and

teaching or studying of computer as a course, its proficiency in developed countries like

3

USA, Japan, England e.t.c. Therefore, this can be limited only on the grade point average
generation and the storage of students record in Basic and Applied Science, Benson Idahosa
University, Benin City.
1.5

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The research study may encounter problems like insufficient literature, time, finance,

transportation problem and lack of co-operation from the respondents who otherwise would
have proved useful.
1.6

DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following are the meanings of some terms as used in this study.

CGPA: Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) is the grade point average of all courses,
institutional and transferred, taken at the same level (non-credit, undergraduate, or graduate),
is an assessment tool used to evaluate your academic performance.
Software: the programs and other operating information used by a computer.
Computation: the use of computers, especially as a subject of research or study.

CHAPTER TWO
2.0

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

The introduction of computer into information technology has massively improved

the information need of organization; the success of this machine is dependent on the
knowledge base. Therefore, one can be prompted to ask aloud what is a computer. Adam
(1993) defined a computer as an electronic device capable of accepting data and
instructions, processing the data based on the instructions to generate results or output in
such a manner that is yet to be equaled by any other known machine to mankind. For the
fact that we are already into a new millennium, no organization, company or institution can
do without information processing system or organizational information system. So many
authors and researchers have in one way or the other taken step towards analyzing the
problems associated with manual result processing and the need for computerized result
processing.
As a computer professionals, we strive to build systems that are useful and that work,
as a software engineers, we are faced with the task of creating complex system in the
presence of scarce computing and human resources. Over past few year, the electronic data
processing has evolved in diverse segments of the computer science as a means of managing
the complexity inherent in many different kinds of manual systems and the electronics data
processing has also proved to be a very powerful and unifying concept. For the fact that we
are already into a new millennium, no organization, company or institution can do without
the electronics data processing.
The computerized result processing generally stated, finds its way into Nigeria at the
early years of light decade of the twenty century now, computer technology has made a great
impact in the computer science department where results are been processed all over the
world, now most jobs in department like in computing students results, are quickly carried
out with computers. So many Nigeria authors have in one way or the other taken step
towards in analyzing the benefits and problem associated with computerized result
processing.
Cater .C. (1982) said that a country cannot wait until it attains its ability to
manufacture computer on her own before she uses them, that to do, so would tantamount to
5

attempting to re-invent the wheel. Again according to Cater .C. (1982), it can be argued that
the inability to process and deliver accurate information in timely manner is one of the
underlying causes of economic social life in the country is currently experiencing. He rightly
pin pointed that the manager in this country lack accurate historical or projected information
with which to plan effectively and that of there managers as a matter of effect, used
management tools, with which to perform their function, since the basic for every policy
taken involves the commitment of funds. And one of the tools unquestionably is the
Computer. What the computer can do to them is to drastically reduce time lapse between the
collection of data and data processing and find the information delivery. However, result
computation system is exams and records in the faculty of Basic and Applied Science,
Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, has gone a long way in reliving the problems being
encountered by the staff at past through reducing their excess paper work load and their
wastage in searching for information which was used.
The setbacks of manual results processing and the need for automated system. Ukem
and Ofoegbu (2012.) state that the errors associated with the existing manual method of
processing of students results in most universities in Nigeria, make it not only desirable but
imperative that computerized approach be used in measuring students progress. According
to him, the manual methods being employed suffer a number of setbacks; they make the
process to be time consuming and prone to error. They lead to examination results being
published late, sometimes with wrong grades being entered and students grade point
averages being wrongly computed as a result, and ultimately leading to wrong conclusions
being arrived at the class of degree awarded. Some students could end up with undeserved
good class of degree, while others could be unfairly victimized, bringing about frustration
and bad blood. The Departments concerned, and the whole University, could become
tarnished. He said the solution to the problem, therefore, is to find a method of processing
examination results that would be sufficiently accurate and reasonably timely.
Eludire,(2011).Observed that a number of problems associated with student
academic record management include improper course registration, late release of students
6

results,

inaccuracy

due

to

manual

and

tedious

calculation

and

retrieval

difficulties/inefficiency, According to him, the development of database concept is the

answer to these problems where the amount of redundant data is reduced and the possibility
that data contained on a file might be inaccurate because they were never updated.
Mohini and Amar (2011) indicated that Publication of students results in the manual
system takes a very long time owing to which students remain idle for months together.
Sometimes the delay in declaration of result cause heavy losses to the students as generally
they cannot join further studies or appear in competitive exams or join jobs because of the
nonavailability of examination result in time.
Okonigene, R.E., Ighalo, G.I., Ogbeifun, E. (2008), observed that, with the use of
computers for information processing, the following are possible: instant access to students
personal and course information, instant student information updating, automatic
computation of the Grade Point Average (GPA), generation of the graduating students list,
monitoring of failed courses, keeping an up-to-date record of the entire student body in the
University, storing course information such as course code, course description, course unit,
and scores for the purpose of GPA computation, and producing user friendly data entry
screens for ease of use.

Moses Ekpenyong (2008) work on the use of Microsoft Excel spreadsheet program to build
an Intelligent Knowledge-Based System (IKBS), making use of various programming
facilities provided by that application (Excel). The central issue here is that the programming
is hard coded into the cells, and cell referencing is used to monitor and track students
performance (cumulative points, etc.). The system has been reported to be working fine.
7

However, it appears to be rather restrictive, and calls for substantial expertise in

programming.
Connors and Valesky (1986). The development of the concept of database is the answer
to this question where the amount of redundant data is reduced and the possibility that data
contained on a file might be inaccurate because they were never updated. Various
applications have been developed to address
a number of these issues but the proprietary nature of user-oriented systems has not made it
possible to have a good survey of such systems. There is a wide array of existing
information and information needs, yet schools are often limited by personnel and financial
concerns (Vecchioli, 1999). Office in timely release of students examination results

2.2

PACKAGES USED FOR DESIGNING OF RESULTS PROCESSING

Different

Programming

Language,

Programming

Packages

and

Database

management system can be use to develop result processing software for computing students
GPA (Grade Point Average) and CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average).

Microsoft Excel spreadsheet program can be used to build an Intelligent KnowledgeBased System (IKBS), making use of various programming facilities provided by that
application (Excel). The programming is hard coded into the cells, and cell referencing
which could be applied to monitor and track students performance such as cumulative
points (Ekpenyong, 2008).
Personal Home Page Pre-Processor (PHP) is used to communicate with and
manipulate the database. Adobe Dreamweaver, an Integrated Development Environment, is
used to create the Graphic User Interface and to write the codes. MYSQL Server, a
Relational Database Management System, is used to create the database tables and data.
This application, though tested and found to be working as expected, has however not been
put to use widely. (Ukem and Onoyom-Ita, 2011).
Java is a programming language use to build programs that can work on stand-alone
computers and on the internet, its primary features are that it is object-oriented and a cross
platform language. By cross platform, it means that the programs can run across several
platforms such as Microsoft Windows, Apple Macintosh, and Linux. MYSQL, a Relational
Database Management System (RDBMS) is used to create database tables and data. MySQL
is very fast, reliable, and easy to use, and its connectivity, speed, and security make it highly
suited for accessing databases. (Ukem et al 2012).
There are undoubtedly several other similar Programming Language and Database
management system in existence. Some previous work has actually been carried out using
several of such programming languages and packages which prove to be working fine in this
area. Three of such are the work by Ukem, and Ofoegbu, Ekpenyong and that by Ukem and
Onoyom-Ita. There is, however, always room for improvement.
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
3.1 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE EXITING SYSTEM
9

The Computer Science Department of Benson Idahosa University, has been in

existence since the establishment of the institution, and has since then, been using manual
methods for students result computation and processing. The result is first of all captured
manually from the students answer sheet used during exams. After the marking, the
personals involved in the marking, then records the students score on paper using pen
(manually). The capture scores (Data) is then sent to the head of department (HOD) for
computation which is done manually by the HOD or his assistance rising calculating
machine and there scoring the outcome on paper. The work sometimes is too tedious for the
HOD, and this use to result to multi error i.e
This is error caused by oversight of manually computation. Finally, the HODs will
then send the result on paper to the department of exams and records for documentation,
final computation and storage. And still at this point the results still undergo manual
processing.
STORAGE
At the completion of the result processing, the summary and storage then start. The
summary is done by adding the students exams score; and then compute the CGPA and
generate the necessary output.
Keeping the field result in the drawer and then numbering them for easy
identification and storage.
SEARCHING
The searching or retrievals is done manually by checking the drawers one by one inorder to know the one that contains the number range of the file in question and when that
file is found the search of the main document then begins.

10

SUMMARY AND PRESENTATION OF RESULT

There is a lot of paperwork involved in these processes, there are also a lot of people
involved, and thereby a lot of information is lost in transit. Some are distorted, omitted or
misspelled. The problems of information management arise the re cords are contained in
files stored file cabinets. Due to the repetitive nature of the result computation system.
There is a lot of duplication and all these documents are also stored. The existing storage
facilities are no longer enough to cater for the files. This makes the offices of the HOD and
exams and record office very untidy because some of the files cannot be contained in the file
cabinets are dumped on the floor and on the tables.
This description and analysis is the result of an in-depth and thorough study of the
operation of the existing manual system.

3.2

FACT FINDING METHODS USED

The fact-finding methods used during the analysis of the existing system are:

(i)

INTERVIEW METHOD
11

A lot of staff we be interviewed among whom where the HOD computer science and
some staff and lecturers.
(ii)

DIRECT OBSERVATION
The staffs that will involved in the result computation will be observed on one of the
occasion during the research.

(iii)

DOCUMAT REVIEW
The existing documents that serve as input to the manual system and those that are

generated as output from the system were also studied, also procedure manuals, operations
manuals and job specification.

12

3.3

ORGANISATIONAL CHART

Rector

Deputy Rector

Registrar

Now Academic
Staf

Academic Staf

Academic Staf

Admission

Exams and
Records

Now Academic
Staf

Director of
school
HOD Computer
Science
Department
Computer
Science
Department

13

3.4

OBJECTIVE OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

This work does not replace the existing system but rather will bring improvement

and also additional strategy for the institutions on result processing. The existing method
only serves the information needed for every minute population.
3.5

INPUT ANALYSIS
Computer Science Department Computers the CGPA (Cumulative grade point

average) of each student at the end of each semester,

The school requires the result. These scores serve as an input.
The end of semester score of the examination are graded and inputed as follows:
COURSE WITH PRACTICAL

COURSE WITHOUT PRACTICAL

-

Assignment

20

Practical

60

60

Semester Exams

After the subjects are graded according to their scores the ranges of marks and their
corresponding grades and point to weighting are given in the table below:
PERCENTAGE

LECTURER GRADE

WEIGHT IN POINT RANGE

80 and Above

4.0

70 79

AB

3.5

60 69

3.0

50 59

BC

2.5

40 49

2.0

0 39

In the above table, F is a fail grade while others are pass grade.

14

3.6

PROCESS ANALYSIS
Grading in education is the process of applying standardized measurements of

varying levels of achievement in a course, To calculate the CGPA for each semester, the total
aggregate of the point obtained in the semester exams is divided by the total number of
course credit loads. Here simple calculation method is used in grading of point. But before
the above process is done, the score of each course of each semester is given below by using
the computer science department as an example.
COURSES
CSC325
MTH310
CSC425
CSC214
CSC411
CSC223
CSC418

GRADE
ACHIEVED
A
B
BC
A
B
AB
C
Total Credits

CREDIT

GRADE

POINT

VALUE
4.0
3.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
25

POINT
4.0
3.0
2.5
4.0
3.0
3.5
2.0
Total GP

SCORE
16.0
9.0
10.0
24.0
12.0
7.0
4.0
82

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

Table 3.1
To calculate the grade point average (GPA) =
Total Credit Hrs

4+3+4+6+4+2+2 =

25

Total point score =16 + 9 + 10 + 25 + 12 + 12+ 7 + 4 = 82

Total Grade Point scores = 82
Total Credit Hours

25

Assuming there is a carryover, this will replace by the course in which he/she failed.
This is used during CGPA To calculate the cumulative grade point average of a student for
session Basic and Applied students 5years program To calculate for a session, the total
15

aggregate of the point scores for semester both the first and second semester is divided by
the total number of credit loads to calculate for Basic and Applied Science student, the total
aggregate point for the student for the students 5 years academic work are added and divided
by the total number of credit hours taken during the 5years
The mathematical expression is as follows for a session.
GPA = TCPs in 1st Semester + TCPs in 2nd Semester
TCH in 1st Semester + TCH in 2nd Semester
For BAS
CGPA =

TGPS in year 1 + TGPS in year 5

TCH in year 1 + TCH in year 5

3.7

THE OUTPUT ANALYSIS

Grades and numerical grade-point equivalents have been established for varying levels of
students academic performance. These grade-point equivalents are used to determine a
16

students grade-point average, after the calculation has been done, the within the output
range.
Performance
Outstanding
Outstanding

Description
Exceptional achievement
Exceptional achievement

Grade
A+
A

Grade Point
4.00
3.75

Outstanding
Good

Exceptional achievement
Extensive achievement

B+
B

3.25
3.00

Satisfactory
Poor
Failure

Acceptable achievement
Minimal achievement
Inadequate achievement

C
D
F

2.25
2.0
Less than 2.00

Table 3.2
From the example given from this work, the range it takes is in distinction level.

17

3.8

INFORMATION FLOWCHART/DIAGRAM
Below is the information flowchart/ design for the exiting system.

Students Assignment
and Examination

Lecturers

Head of department

Examination

Record

Department

Department

Management
In the above diagram, lecturers handled the assignment and examination taken by the
students. The results are sent to the Head of department which is hence submitted to the
students file in the examination and record department for further processing and
management scheme.

18

3.9

PROBLEMS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

During investigation, it was noticed or discovered that processing of students results

was done manually mechanically and mentally with the help or aid of calculator.
This wasted a lot of materials, time, energy and other resources.

It also causes

roughness of some certain product, duplication of jobs, loss of files, result sheet and also
dubious act among staff if there or GPA as a result of the use of wrong total credit hours in
any semester or any other factor necessary to these calculation. Then it would require a very
long time to re-calculate these. A times, even running into months with tedious routine.

19

3.10

JUSTIFICATION FOR THE NEW SYSTEM

With the computerization of these processes, a lot of problem inherent in the current

system will ether be overcome or minimized. Below are some other justified reasons.
TIME: The speed of a computer central processing unit measured in millions of instructions
per seconds/MIPS. This implies that information for management as regard to student
academic status can be produced faster and this enhances the decision maker process at the
various level of management. It reduced the time used during fraction calculation.
OVERLOAD: In times of overload, it saves the staff from the hard labour. Huge data or
record can be shifted through and summarized in short period of time.
STORAGE DEVICE: Files and records can be store in magnetic tapes or disks. It is from
this storage of files and records that the security is enhanced and saves some files when
there is fire disaster.
VERSATILE: It is versatile because it can cope more readily than manual system with
increase work loads which occur when activities packs as the case of working out for result
immediately after examination as long as the input can be made available, so and the output
is dealt with. It is said to be flexible.
RELIABLE AND DILIGENT: Computer is reliable and diligent because it will not absent
itself from duty die to illness and will not arrive late or spend lengthy lunch-hours over a
bottle of wine. Once a program is running, operation is automatic and no further human
intervention is necessary, as execution is accurate. Computerization would give the staff and
the institution the job and satisfactions of being a part of the computer age and technology.

20

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0

DESIGN OF THE NEW SYSTEM

4.1 OUTPUT SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN

The printer will be used as the main output medium and alternatively the monitor.
This is due to the fact that the output from the system will be for decision conclusions made
to the students where results are being processed.
The major output document that will be generated by the system is the original detail
report of students personal data and result. The following are the output form.
OUTPUT FORM (For each)
Mat N0
Name:
Course 1
Course 2..
Course n .
GPA.
Grade
FORMAT (For each)
Mat Number

BAS/CSC/111/263

Name

Course 1

999

Course 2

999

Course n

999

GPA

99. 99

OUTPUT FORM (For listing all)

Mat N0.

Name

Course 1 -

Course n

21

GPA

Grade

FORMAT FOR THE OUTPUT

Benson Idahosa University ..

Department.

Year. Semester..
Mat . No.

Name

Course 1 Course n

GPA

Ref

Grade

.
4.2

INPUT SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN

In this case, there is only one input devices via he keyboard. During the input

operation there are some variable that are required for the acceptance of the data. That is,
that will hold the data temporal for computation and the ones that will be used for data
storage.
The software is design to have two main input forms, which are:
(1)

Personal data input

(2)

Score input form

INPUT FORM FOR PERSONAL DATA

Mat Number
Surname.
Other Name
Parent Name ..
Address.
Sex
Department
Programme
Date of Birth

22

ADD MODIFY UPDATE RETURN

Mat. Number

BAS/CSC/111/263

Name

Course 1

999

Course 2

999

Course n

999

4.3

FILE DESIGN

The file design was designed based on two mode of operation.

(1)

Sequential and

(2)

Random mode

The software will make use of two files:

(2)

File for students exam score

(3)

File for students that have references

23

File Design for students personal data

Field Name
S Name
Other Name
Sex
Birth Date
School
Department
Parent Name
Address
Mat. Number

Field Type
Character
Character
Character
Date
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character

Field Width
15
15
8
13
12
12
15
20
13

Decimal
-

File Design for Students Score

Field Name
Mat Number
Course 1. Score
Course 2. Score
Course n. Score
GPA
CGPA
GRADE

Field Type
Character
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Character

Field Width
13
3
3
3
4
4
1

Decimal
2
2
-

INPUT FORM FOR EXAMINATION SCORES

Benson Idahosa University..
School

Department..

YearSemester..
Mat Number.
24

Name.
Course 1..
Course 2..
Course n..
Grade
ADD MODIFY UPDATE RETURN
INPUT FORMAT FOR SCORE
Mat. Number

BAS/CSC/111/263

Name

Course 1

999

Course 2

999

Course n

999

Input Student
Data Score(s)
System Acceptance

Processing

4.4Update PROCEDURE CHART

Information Display
25

Termite

Modification

SYSTEM FLOWCHART

Data Preparation Input

Processing
Information Display

Data preparation
Storage
preparation

4.5

SYSTEM FLOWCHART System

Storage
record

preview
Termination
26

File
storag

Append
Retrieve
Delete
Modify

4.6

SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
Computerization with its benefits have certain requirement which includes these

outline below. The hardware requirements and the software requirement are:
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
27

The program is implemented on the window 7 Operating System (WINDOWS)

platform and language. The program was written in C++ Programming Language, because
of the visual user interface it has.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
The hardware needed for the program are the following requirement listed below:
1.

Personal computer with networking facilities

2.

Large storage capacity of hard disk

3.

Super Video Graphic Array (SVGA) Monitor

4.

Printer with high resolution for output.

4.7

IMPLEMENTATION
This chapter deals with actual installation and the use of the new system. The new

system is put into operation and the users are taught how to operate the system. The
implementation method used in this work is the parallel change over method. The new

28

system was installed with the old system still working. This enables us to test the new
system very well before phasing out the old one.
Implementation includes putting the program into the computer system for actual
performance at the expected operation. That is it involves the actual interaction between
both the computer hardware and the software system to produce the expected and result.
The implementation of the program should be on parallel base process. That is, the

START

conversion procedure the old program should be in use while the new program installed will
gradually takes over from the old program.

Display splash
screen
4.8

PROGRAM DESIGN

Input options

Program design for newly computerized unit follows a modular programming

approach in which the problem was divided into modules with each modules handling a

Input students

specific task or sub program.

C++ programming language was used with dev C++
records
compiler.

Perform semester
calculation
S
Session
complete?

Yes

Calculate
cumulative grade
point average
4.9

Storage and
PROGRAM FLOWCHART
update
information

29

Sto

4.10 PSEUDOCODE
MAIN MENU MODULE
30

Sub Main Menu

Display Welcome Screen
Display Password Form
Enter Password Key
If not Correct Then
Repeat the Process
ELSE
LOAD MAIN MENU
Select from main menu
If Option

1 Then

Add Student Record

Update Student Record
Put to File
Input Students Courses Scores

31

Get Records
Display Content
Close Files
Return

Else if option = 2 Then

Open file
Input student courses scores
Computer CGPA
Put to file
Close files
Return

Else if option = 3 Then

Open file View results
Get records
Display contents
Close file
32

Return

Else if option = 4 Then

Open file Carry over
Get records
Display contents
Close file
Return

Else if option = 5 Then

Open file Window
Get records
Display outline method of arranging file
Display standard method of arranging file
Close file
Return
Else if option = 6 Then
Open file Comprehensive Result Output
33

Do
Get Record
Print Record
Loop until last record
Close file
Return

Else if option = 7 Then

Quit program
End
End sub

34

4.11 TEST RUN

This program was tested by running it and some errors were found, debugged and corrected.
This testing of this program was done on three parts via. Modular/separate/ unit testing,
integration testing and validation testing.
a. MODULAR/UNIT TESTING: Based on this type of testing each module is tested
with real data/figure and errors found were debugged. Modular testing enables us to
developed program with an ease
b. INTEGRATION TESTING: After each module has been tested and debugged,
then all the sub-modular were combined integrated to a program. The integrated
program is then tested with real data and some corrections were made.
c. VALIDATION TESTING: This is the act of re-testing, checking, correcting and
validating of the program, validation testing increases the capacity and efficiency of
the program.

35

4.12

DOCUMENTATION
Documentation includes such things as statement of the problem (system

specification), flow charts, test data and result, user instruction etc. these enhance easy
modification when problem arises.
It can be effective by describing it among these sub heading viz, system description,
installation, tutorial/ user guide.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
From the above as stated earlier, the software for this work is so packaged for user
understanding and easy to operate. It has functionality and can handle any work involving
computation and processing of school results. The package was developed using
modularized approach of programming the system can do computation like computing the
CGPA of student, e.t.c.
INSTALLATION
The software can be run by installing DEV C++ compiler after downloading the
application (program) and installs on the computer.
The program should be installed and the executable file be placed on the program folder or
a window desktop.
At the windows start bar, selects and click C++ compiler and select the executable
file and click run button to begin the program.

36

TUTORIAL/USER GUIDE
This serves as a guide for both illiterate and literate users. It helps them to use programming
perfectly.
Install Dev C++ compiler
Click on start menu
Click on Dev C++
Click on New Project
Click on the execute menu
Click run
New Project

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Execute menu

38

39

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 RECOMMENDATION
From the ongoing, the researchers want to recommend the following:
1.

That the needed machinery be put in place to see to the smooth take off of the
project.

2.

That the software (program) has to be reviewed periodically. First review, which will
take place six month after installation, which will enable to detect unfore-seen
problems that may arise after installation, After the first review, the software will be
reviewed annually to help maintain the software more adequately.

It is worthy to mention that maintenance helps the system software (program) last for a very
long time.
Also, it is important to note that this project work is not an end in itself but rather a
framework for further modification, thus further research is recommended.

40

5.1

CONCLUSION
This work was initiated due to the inadequacies of the existing system such as

boredness and delay encountered in computing student results. The new system looked into
these inadequacies and attempted successfully to eliminate these problems.
The new system employed the use of interactive mode to design a system that can
Compute the scores and output the results of both the individual and all the students results.
In this regard, the software can be of much value in terms of efficiency and monetary
aspect because if when maximum utilized, can reduce the manual work of computing the
students results.

41

REFERENCES

Adam et al (1993), Computer in Organizational Management. Richard Onah Inc

Publishers, Inserberg London. The 5th Edition, From Pg. 5-8.

Cater .C. (1982) Computer Ages, African University Press, London, The 4 th Edition, Pg.
43-44.

Ukem and Ofoegbu (2012.) Studying The Computer System USA Printing Press, The 5 th
Edition, Pg. 10-12.

James A.O. Brein (1989) Computer In Todays World Richard Irwin Inc Publisher, USA,
Pg 16.

Eludire, (2011).element of Basic Programming Bellis Publishing Press.Accra Ghana.

Revised Edition. Pg 12-18.

Mohini and Amar (2011) (1988) Date Processing; An instruction Manual For
Information System Polar Group Inc. Kingsway Algeria. 3rd Edition. Pg. 11.

R.e. Okonigene, ph.d.(2008), The pacific journal of science and technology, vol. 9
pg .2, p.407-412.

Moses E. Ekpenyong (2008) Ultra Scientist of Physical Sciences, pg 3-140 ,

Connors, E.T. and T.C. Valesky, (1986). Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, Pg.
248.

Vecchioli, L., (1999). A process for evaluating student records management software. Pg.
6-14.
Eval., 6(14).

42

APPENDIX

C++ program to calculate CGPA of a student

//C++ program to calculate CGPA

using namespace std;
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int i,n,gp[20],c[20],sum,csum;
char g[20];
float cgpa;
cout<<"\n\t\t\t CGPA Calculation";
cout<<"\n\n Enter number of Courses :";
cin>>n;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cout<<"\n\n Enter Grade of Course-"<<i+1;
cout<<" :";
cin>>g[i];
if(g[i]=='X'||g[i]=='x')
gp[i]=10;
else if(g[i]=='A'||g[i]=='a')
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gp[i]=8;
else if(g[i]=='B'||g[i]=='b')
gp[i]=7;
else if(g[i]=='C'||g[i]=='c')
gp[i]=6;
else if(g[i]=='D'||g[i]=='d')
gp[i]=5;
else if(g[i]=='E'||g[i]=='e')
gp[i]=4;
else
gp[i]=0;
cout<<"\n Enter Credit of Course-"<<i+1;cout<<" :";
cin>>c[i];
}
sum=csum=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
sum=sum+c[i]*gp[i];
csum=csum+c[i];
}
cgpa=(float)sum/csum;
cout<<"\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\tCongratulations\n\n\t\t\t\t Your CGPA
is "<<cgpa;
44

getch();
return 0;
}

45