Deviation Control

4/7/2016
PETR 5315 Lecture 9

Deviation Control
S. H. Emadi, Ph.D.
PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016
Deviation Control
Whipstocks
Retrievable
Fixed
Hydraulic Jetting
BHA Configurations
Downhole Motor
Rotary Steerable System (RSS)
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Whipstocks
Whipstocks
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Mills
Starting Mill
Window Mill
Tapered Mill
Watermelon Mill
Hydraulic Jetting
Fast & Economical

Soft Formation
One Large & Two Small Nozzles
Orient Large Nozzle
No Rotation at First (3 6 ft)
Conventional Drilling for 20 25 ft
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Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA)
Drill Collar (DC)

Stabilizer
MWD
LWD
Drilling Jars
Mud Motor
Heavy Weight Drill Pipe (HWDP)
Mechanics of BHAs
Slick Assembly in an Inclined Hole
Assumptions:
2D Wellbore
Drill Bit Rotation
Inertia
Drilling-Fluid Flow Effects
Drilling String Lies Down on the Low Side
Drop (Pendulum Effect)

Hold
Build (Fulcrum Effect)
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Mechanics of BHAs
Fundamental of Drilling Engineering, R. F. Mitchel

Mechanics of BHAs
Drilling Anisotropy Index (h): the relative difference of drillabilities
parallel and perpendicular to bedding planes.
1
and
tan
Where
: Equilibrium hole inclination angle
: Formation dip angle
: Resultant force angle
: Bit-Displacement Direction
10
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Mechanics of BHAs

11
Mechanics of BHAs
If
12
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Mechanics of BHAs
X
0.5
64
,
13
Mechanics of BHAs
1
cos
cos
sin
sin
tan
0.5
tan
14
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Mechanics of BHAs
Example: Inc.
2.25 , 91 /
10
,
a.
0,
0
b.
0.1,
40
25 deg,
30,000
8.5 ,
6.25 ,
15
Mechanics of BHAs
Slick Assembly in a Curved Hole
Assumptions:
DC lies down on the low side of the borehole for some
finite length just above the Tangency Point (TP).
DCs are under constant compression between bit and TP.
Borehole has a constant curvature (R: Constant).
is small compared with the WOB.
Bit is at the center of wellbore.
No bending moment at the bit.
16
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Mechanics of BHAs

17
Mechanics of BHAs
sin ))S
Boundary Conditions (BC):

@ Bit
S=0, U=0
@ TP
S=L, U(L)=
0, and
"
EI
No bending moment @ bit, so
,S
s,
18
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Mechanics of BHAs
,
,
1
2
,
tan
sin
tan
Where
R: Wellbore Radius of Curvature
19
Mechanics of BHAs

sin
20
10
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Mechanics of BHAs
Types of stabilizers: (a) Welded-blade; (b) Integral-blade; (c) Sleeve; (d) nonrotating sleeve (Inglis 1987)
21
Mechanics of BHAs
Adjustable-diameter stabilizer (AGS Tool 2010)

22
11
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Mechanics of BHAs
Stabilizers
Effective use of stabilizer begun in 1953
Effects of position and size of DCs
Pendulum Effect
Fulcrum Effect

23
Mechanics of BHAs
BHA with One Stabilizer in an
Inclined Hole
Length of Stabilizer is not considered
DCs do not contact the wall of the
hole between the bit and the stabilizer.

24
12
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Mechanics of BHAs
wsin
Which is valid for 0
wsin
Which is valid for
25
Mechanics of BHAs
sin
0.5
Where
1
cos
0.5
cot
cos
cos
sin
cos
sin
sin
0.5
26
13
4/7/2016
Mechanics of BHAs
Where
0.5
/
l
27
Mechanics of BHAs
BHA with One Stabilizer in a Curved
Hole
Length of Stabilizer is not considered
DCs do not contact the wall of the
hole between the bit and the stabilizer.

28
14
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Mechanics of BHAs
sin
Where
cos
0.5
cos
sin
0.5
sin
cos
sin
29
Mechanics of BHAs
Where
1
sin
1/
cos

sin
30
15
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Mechanics of BHAs
Complex BHAs
Two or three stabilizers
Typical build, hold, and drop BHAs (Fundamental of Drilling Engineering, R. F. Mitchel
31
Downhole Drilling Motors
32
16
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Turbine type (turbodrill or dynamic motors)
Positive-Displacement Motor (PDM)
Turbodrill with bent housing (Beaton et al. 2004)

33
Bent Sub & Bent Housing
Mud Motor with bent sub (Bourgoyne et al. 1986)
Turbodrill with bent housing (Beaton et al. 2004)
34
17
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Bent Housing
Schematic of drilling fluid flow through a turbine (Beaton et al. 2004)

35

1
2
60
30
1
Typical torque and HP curves at 500 gpm and MW=10 ppg(Beaton et al. 2004)
36
18
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Dump Valve
Power Assembly
Connecting Rod
Bearing and Drive
Shaft
Bit Sub
Components of PDM with adjustable bent housing (Underwood and Payne 1997)
37
Where
A: Cross-Sectional Area of Flow Path
: Rotor Pitch
: No. of lubes in the rotor
38
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Typical PDM Performance Characteristic Curves (Underwood and Payne 1997)

39
Steerable Motors
Position of bent sub

Vertical wellbore
Kickoff Assembly
No more than 20
degrees
Bent sub above the motor (Bourgoyne et al. 1986)

40
20
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Steerable Motors
Bend angle 0 to 3 degrees

Usually run with MWD
Tool-face angle
Rotating or Sliding Mode
Type of formation
Field experience
Inexpensive
Disadvantages
Schematic of bent-housing motor with stabilizers (Stefan Miska, 2011 )
41
Steerable Motors
Disadvantages
Poor Control on Directional Drilling
Drilling Overgauge hole
Poor Well Trajectory (Not very Smooth Well Path)
Poor Axial Force Transfer to the Drill Bit
Poor Hole Cleaning
Wellbore Stability Problem (e.g. Differential Sticking)
Long Tool-Face Adjustment Time
42
21
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Steerable Motors
A series of slide-rotate sequences for a 500 ft wellbore section (Lesso et al. 2001)
43
44
22
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45
46
23
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First Commercially Available in 1995
No Sliding
Bit Steering while Rotating
High ROP
Better Hole Cleaning
Less Wellbore Stability Problems
Drill more Complex Well Trajectories
47
24

Deviation Control

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4/7/2016

PETR 5315 Lecture 9

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

Fast & Economical

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA)

Drill Collar (DC)

Drop (Pendulum Effect)

Fundamental of Drilling Engineering, R. F. Mitchel

Fundamental of Drilling Engineering, R. F. Mitchel

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

Fundamental of Drilling Engineering, R. F. Mitchel

Boundary Conditions (BC):

No bending moment @ bit, so

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

Adjustable-diameter stabilizer (AGS Tool 2010)

Fundamental of Drilling Engineering, R. F. Mitchel

Fundamental of Drilling Engineering, R. F. Mitchel

Which is valid for 0

Which is valid for

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

Fundamental of Drilling Engineering, R. F. Mitchel

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

Downhole Drilling Motors

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

Downhole Drilling Motors

Turbodrill with bent housing (Beaton et al. 2004)

Bent Sub & Bent Housing

Mud Motor with bent sub (Bourgoyne et al. 1986)

Turbodrill with bent housing (Beaton et al. 2004)

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

Downhole Drilling Motors

Schematic of drilling fluid flow through a turbine (Beaton et al. 2004)

Downhole Drilling Motors

Downhole Drilling Motors

Downhole Drilling Motors

Downhole Drilling Motors

Typical PDM Performance Characteristic Curves (Underwood and Payne 1997)

Position of bent sub

Bent sub above the motor (Bourgoyne et al. 1986)

Bend angle 0 to 3 degrees

Rotary Steerable System (RSS)

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

Rotary Steerable System (RSS)

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

Rotary Steerable System (RSS)

PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016

Rotary Steerable System (RSS)

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