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Understanding transistors
Introduction
A transistor consists of a crystal of one type of doped
semiconductor sandwiched between two crystals of
the opposite type.
A transistor is a semiconductor device capable of
amplification in addition to rectification.
It is the basic unit radio, television and computer.
Transistor circuit
A transistor cannot be working without combinining
with others electronic devices such as resistance and
power supply (cell). The combination of thre transistor
, resistor and cell produced transistor circuit.
There are two types of the transistor circuits:
(1)
Transistor circuit I (need two cells)
Types of transistor
There are two types of transistor
(1)
npn transistor
(2)
pnp transistor
Structure ,schematic diagram and symbol of
transistor
A transistor has tree leads; the leads are labelled
(1) Base (B) - Control the flow of charge carriers from
E to C
(2) Collector (C) - Receive charge carriers from E
(3) Emitter (E) Supply charge carriers to C
BE: Base circuit (input)
CE: Collector circuitl(output)
Ib: base current
Ic: collector current
R1: to limit the base current
R2: to limit the collector current
E1: to supply energy to the base circuit
E2: to supply energy to the collector circuit
(2)
Rx
x V
( Rx + Ry)
VRY =
Ry
xV
( Rx + Ry)
Example 1
The figure shows a transistor circuit. Resistor P has a
resistance of 10 k. In order to light the bulb , the
potential difference across resistor P must be at least
2V.
(1)
it
(3)
Ie = Ib + Ic
From the working principles above , we
conclude that a transistor functions as a current
amplifier by allowing a small current to control a
larger current.